Chapter 14: Human Inheritance
Study Guide
1. What method do geneticists typically use to study human inheritance patters:
A. heterolougous gene expression
B. knockout studies
C. polymerase chain reaction
D. family history
2. A trait associated with a dominant allele on an autosome appears in people who:
A. carry that trait on their Y chromosome
B. carry that trait on their X chromosome
C. are heterozygous or homozygous for that trait
D. are only homozygous for that trait
3. Which disease follows an autosomal dominant inheritance pattern:
A. Tay-Sachs disease
B. Down syndrom
C. Hutchinson-Gilford progeria
D. Turner syndrome
4. A child whose parents are both heterozygous for a recessive autosomal trait (carriers of the trait) has a
____ percent chance of expressing the phenotype of that recessive trait:
A. 25
B. 100
C. 75
D. 50
5. Why do X-linked recessive disorders appear more often in males than in females:
A. A male’s Y chromosome facilitates the expression of recessive X-linked traits
B. One of the two X chromosomes in each cell of a female is inactivated
C. Male cells have more X chromosomes than do female cells
D. A female’s Y chromosome silences recessive X-linked traits
6. Which disease follows an X-linked recessive inheritance pattern:
A. Down syndrome
B. Duchenne muscular dystrophy
C. Tay-Sachs disease
D. Turner syndrome
7. Hemophilia A is an X-linked recessive disorder that interferes with:
A. melanin production
B. blood clotting
C. mucus production
D. normal vision
8. Someone who has inherited too many or too few copies of a particular chromosome is said to be:
A. triploid
B. polypoid
C. diploid
D. aneuploid
9. Which disease is caused by autosomal aneuploidy:
A. Down syndrome
B. Hutchinson-Gilford progeria
C. Turner syndrome
D. Tay-Sachs disease
10. Individuals with Turner syndrome have which sex chromosome(s):
A. XXY
B. XXX
C. XYY
D. X only
11. For newborns affected by PKU, early screening for this disorder is beneficial because it can lead to:
A. preventative renal surgery
B. preventative hepatic surgery
C. supplemental tyrosine therapy
D. restricting phenylalanine intake
12. A chromosome’s gene sequence that was ABCDEFG before damage and ABCGFED after is an
example of:
A. deletion
B. inversion
C. translocation
D. duplication
13. The condition occurring when an organism has a full set of chromosomes (2n) + 1 chromosome is
known as:
A. haploid
B. diploidy
C. trisomy
D. monosomy
14. Down syndrome involves trisomy of this chromosome:
A. 5
B. 15
C. 3
D. 21
15. The sex chromosome composition of a person with Klinefelter syndrome is:
A. XO
B. XYY
C. XXY
D. XXX
16. Suppose a hemophilic male (X-linked recessive allele) and a female carrier for the hemophilic trait have
a nonhemophilic daughter with Turner syndrome. Nondisjuction could have occurred in:
A. both parents
B. the father only
C. the mother only
17. Amniocentesis is:
A. a surgical means of repairing deformities
B. a pre-conception test
C. used in prenatal diagnosis to detect chromosomal mutations and disorders in embryos
D. a from of gene replacement therapy
18. Three of the four answers listed below are caused by recessive genes. Select the exception:
A. Huntington disorder
B. hemophilia
C. color blindness
D. albinism
19. Three of the four answers listed below are related conditions in which abnormal numbers of
chromosomes are present. Select the exception:
A.Down syndrome
B. Turner syndrome
C. Huntington;s disease
D. Klinefelter’s syndrome
20. When studying a single-gene inherited disorder such as Huntington’s disease, researchers may construct
a chart to look for family connections. What type of chart is this:
A. genetic
B. family tree
C. pedigree
D. linkage map
21. The inheritance of a certain allele of a gene that leads to medical problems indicates a genetic:
A. abnormality
B. version
C. disorder
D. malfunction
22. A male and female both are heterozygous for the autosomal dominant allele for Huntington’s disease.
What is the likelihood that their offspring would have Huntington’s disease:
A. 75%
B. 100%
C. 50%
D. 25%
23. A man and woman undergo genetic testing before conceiving a child. They discover that they are both
carriers for Tay-Sachs disease, which is an autosomal recessive trait. What are the chances that their
offspring will be a carrier for Tay Sachs disease as well:
A. 50%
B. 100%
C. 75%
D. 25%
24. A man and woman undergo genetic testing before conceiving a child. They discover that only the male
is a carrier for Tay-Sachs disease, which is an autosomal recessive trait. What are the chances that their
offspring will be a carrier for Tay Sachs disease as well:
A. 50%
B. 100%
C. 75%
D. 25%
25. Alleles associated with Tay-Sach’s disease have mutations that cause a(n):
A. form of dwarfism
B. alteration of a protein needed for brain cell development
C. malfunction of a lysosomal enzyme
D. absence of pigmentation
26. Sometimes homologous chromosomes fail to separate during meiosis, resulting in one daughter cell
with an extra chromosome and one daughter cell missing a chromosome. This failure of chromosome
separation is called:
A. meiosis I failure
B. nondisjunction
C. non-separation
D. homologue attachment
27. Red-green colorblindness is an X-linked recessive trait in humans. A colorblind woman and a man with
normal vision have a son. What is the probability that the son is colorblind:
A. 25%
B. 75%
C. 50%
D. 100%
28. If a daughter has an X-linked recessive disorder, such as color-blindness, she inherited the trait from:
A. her mother
B. both parents
C. her father
D. neither parent
29. An X-linked recessive carrier is a:
A. homozygous male
B. homozygous dominant female
C. homozygous recessive female
D. heterozygous female
30. Which disorder is more common in males:
A. hemophilia
B. Sickle cell anemia
C. albinism
D. progeria
31. A chromosome’s gene sequence that was ABCDEFG before modification and ABCDCDEFG afterward
is an example of:
A. inversion
B. crossing over
C. translocation
D. duplication
32. A chromosome’s gene sequence that was ABCDEFG before damage and ABCFG after is an example
of:
A. deletion
B. crossing over
C. translocation
D. duplication
33. Most human traits:
A. are not polygenic but have environmental contributions
B. follow a Mendelian inheritance pattern
C. are polygenic with no environmental contributions
D. are polygenic and have environmental contributions