Name:____________________________
Genetics Review
DNA vs RNA: SB2a. Distinguish between DNA and RNA.
Word bank:
Single stranded
Acid
Two
Thymine
Deoxyribose
Ribose
Uracil
Ribose
Nucleic
Double helix
There are _____ types of nucleic acids: DNA and RNA. Nucleic Acids are macromolecules that
are made up of the monomer _________________. Although DNA and RNA are both nucleic
acids there are some differences between the two. The first major difference is the sugar
found in each molecule. DNA contains the sugar ___________________ and RNA contains the
sugar ________________. DNA and RNA both contain the nitrogenous based Guanine,
Cytosine, and Adenine. The base ______________________ is only found in DNA, and the
base ____________________ is only found in RNA. One last major difference between DNA
and RNA is that DNA is a ___________________ _________________ and RNA is
____________________
DNA structure:
________________.
What are the names of the following?
________________________
Word bank:
homologous
________________________
chromatin
condenses
centromere
chromosome
A long thread like strand of DNA is called a __________________. When the chromatin
________________, it becomes a ________________________. Chromosomes contain all the genes
of an organism. A chromosome is held together in the center by a _____________________. In
meiosis, the chromosomes form pairs. These pairs are called __________________ pairs.
Protein Synthesis: SB2b. Explain the role of DNA in storing and transmitting cellular information.
Word bank:
Polypeptide
Codon
mRNA
Unzip
Nucleus
Ribosome
Translation
Transcription
Amino Acids
Genes provide a chemical code for the synthesis (creation) of a certain protein. In order for a gene to
make a protein the DNA double helix first has to ___________. When the DNA unzips it exposes the
group of DNA _________, which are sets of three bases.
During _______________, a copy of the DNA that is exposed is made in the form of _________. All
of this takes place in the ______________. The mRNA molecule moves out of the nucleus and towards
the _______________.
The final stage of protein synthesis is called _____________. During this stage the bases of the
mRNA codons are translated into _____________ ________.
When the amino acids attach to one another they create a protein, also called a
______________________.
Label the Picture Below:
Word Bank:
Codon
Polypeptide chain
Template
mRNA
Anticodon
Amino Acid
Ribosome
tRNA
DNA
Mitosis: SB2c. Explain the role of meiosis in reproductive variability using Mendel’s laws.
Word Bank:
Daughter
Replication
Prophase
Somatic/body
Poles
Metaphase
Telophase
Copies
Cytokinesis
Cells
Most cells within the human body go through the CELL CYCLE. The first stage in the cell cycle is
_________________. During this phase the cell _____________ each of the chromosomes.
After interphase comes MITOSIS, which is the process _________ cells use to divide.
The first stage of MITOSIS is ________________. In this phase the centrioles begin to appear.
During the next phase, which is ___________________, the chromosomes begin to line up near the
equator (middle) of the cell. In Anaphase, the next phase of Mitosis, the chromosomes begin to separate
and get pulled to the two opposite ______________ of the cell by the centrioles. The last phase of
Mitosis is ______________. During this phase two new _____________ appear and the cell prepares
to divide.
The last phase of the cell cycle is _______________, which is where the cytoplasm splits in two and
creates two identical cells called ________________cells.
Draw the steps of mitosis in the boxes below:
INTERPHASE
Drawing:
PROPHASE
Drawing:
METAPHASE
Drawing:
ANAPHASE
Drawing:
TELOPHASE
Drawing:
CYTOKINESIS
Drawing:
Explanation:
Explanation:
Explanation:
Explanation:
Explanation:
Explanation:
Meiosis: SB2c. Explain the role of meiosis in reproductive variability using Mendel’s laws.
Word Bank:
Diploid
Genetic Variation
Two
Gametes
Haploid
Four
Meiosis occurs in two phases: Meiosis I and Meiosis II.
Meiosis I is very similar to Mitosis, however something called ______________-____________
happens with the DNA. This process results in the genes ‘mixing’ with one another so that they are not
perfect duplicates like in mitosis. At the end of Meiosis I there are ________ cells.
During Meiosis II the two cells from Meiosis I split again, results in ________ cells total. These cells
are sex cells, so they are called _________________.
The cells in Meiosis are _____________, which means that they must combine with another gamete to
become _______________.
What are the ADVANTAGES of meiosis?
1. _____________________________________________________________________
2. _____________________________________________________________________
3. _____________________________________________________________________
Punnett Squares: SB2c. Explain the role of meiosis in reproductive variability using Mendel’s laws.
Word Bank:
Phenotype
Top
Genes
Box
Alleles
Side
Genotype
Punnett Squares are a simple way to organize all of the possible ______________ of
_______________ from a particular set of parents. To make a Punnett square you should first draw a
________ and divide it into four sections. Then, you write the letters that represent alleles (genes)
from the first parent along the ______ of the box. You will write the letters that represent the alleles
(genes) from the other parent along the _______ of the box. The word _________________ refers
to the gene combinations, and ________________________ refers to the physical characteristics of
the offspring.
Complete the following crosses:
A
a
a
How many of the offspring are HOMOZYGOUS DOMINANT for the trait?
______ out of 4
How many of the offspring are HOMOZYGOUS RECESSIVE for the trait?
a
______ out of 4
How many of the offspring are HETERZYGOUS for the trait?
______ out of 4
G
g
G
How many of the offspring are HOMOZYGOUS DOMINANT for the trait?
______ out of 4
How many of the offspring are HOMOZYGOUS RECESSIVE for the trait?
g
______ out of 4
How many of the offspring are HETERZYGOUS for the trait?
______ out of 4
Asexual vs. Sexual Reproduction: SB2e. Compare advantages of sexual and asexual reproduction in
different situations.
Type of Organism
Most animals
Sexual or Asexual?
Method of
Reproduction
Fertilization
Products of
Reproduction?
Bacteria, and some
protists
Hydra, Coral, and Yeast
Binary Fission
Fungi, Algae, and some
molds
Many plants
Spore Production
Many spores
Vegetative Reproduction
Structures that will
grow into new plants
Budding
PEDIGREES
Directions: Answer the following questions to create a key to solve a pedigree
1. Squares represent _________________ and circles represent _______________.
2. If a shape is filled in, the individual____________________ the disease.
3. If the shape is partially filled in, the individual is a _________________. They carry
the disease, but do not show any signs of the disease.
4. Lines going between male and female indicate a ______________________.
5. Lines going down between the married couple indicate their ___________________.
Non-Mendelian Traits: Fill in the chart below from your notes
Description
Example
Incomplete Dominance
Co-dominance
Multiple Alleles
Polygenetic Traits
Directions: Use the
marker provided at
your station to
complete the dihybrid
cross on the poster.
After you have finished
fill in the Punnett
square below and be
sure to answer the
questions.
BB = Black
Bb = Black
bb = White
LL = Short
Ll = Short
ll = Long
Dihybrid Cross: Use the picture on the page before to solve the questions
1. How many of the offspring are black with short hair? ______________
2. How many of the offspring are black with long hair? _______________
3. How many of the offspring are white with short hair? ______________
4. How many of the offspring are white with long hair? _______________
SEX-LINKED TRAITS
Word Bank:
X
Y
Dominant
Y
2
Recessive
X
Sex-linked traits are traits that are carried on either the _____ or the ____ chromosome.
Sex-linked traits can also be either ________________ or ________________. Sex-linked
traits appear in different frequencies in males and females since males have an _____ and a
_____ sex chromosome and females have _____ X chromosomes. A Punnett square can be used
to determine the probability of offspring to have certain sex-linked traits.
--------------------------------------------------------------DNA TECHNOLOGY: Describe the following:
Cloning:
Human Genome Project:
Recombinant DNA and genetic Engineering:
Mutations: Fill in the chart below
Mutation Name
Substitutions/ Point
Mutation
Deletion
Duplication
Deletion
Inversion
Insertion
Non-disjunction
Translocation
Gene or
Chromosome?
Description/
Definition
Example