BIOLOGY EOC VIDEO REVIEW 2: Guided Notes
http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=0pPu-dW3NEY (25min)
Name________________________________________Date_____Period___
DNA
49) Below is a strand of DNA. DNA in the cells exists as a double helix Give the complimentary nucleotide sequence: _____ _____ _____ _____ _____ _____
A
G
C
C
A
G
DNA Pairing: A-_____
C-_____
50) Describe the structure of DNA. What are the black pentagons? ____________________ What are the nitrogen
bases? __________________ What weak bonds hold the complimentary bases together? _______________________.
51) If the DNA code AGCCAG undergoes transcription, what will the
sequence of the mRNA be? _______________________________
52) After translation, what would the amino acid sequence be for
this section of mRNA? (Use the amino acid chart on the right)
____________________________________.
53) What is a codon?
54) Compare RNA and DNA in the following table:
RNA
Sugars
Ribose
Bases
Strands
Where in the cell
Nucleus, cytoplasm
Function
Transfer Code, makes Proteins
DNA
DeoxyRibose
Nucleus
55) What are the 3 types of RNA and what are their functions?
1)__________________________________________________________________________________________
2)__________________________________________________________________________________________
3)_____rRNA – Makes up part of the ribosome_____________________________________________________
56) What kind of weak bonds holds the 2 DNA strands together?______________________________________________
57) Why is it important that these bonds are weak?
Describe the process of protein synthesis:
58) What is transcription?
59) What is translation?
60) What happens to DNA when a mutation occurs?
61) How does this affect the mRNA?
62) How can this affect translation?
63) How does this affect the structure and shape od the
resulting protein?
CELL DIVISION/ REPRODUCTION
64) Complete the following Chart of Mitosis and Meiosis:
MITOSIS
Type of reproduction
Chromosome Number in
mother cell
Chromosome number in
daughter cells
Number of cell divisions
Number of cells produced
When does replication happen?
Before
MEIOSIS
Before
65) Stages of Mitosis: Use the picture (left) and put the
following phases mitosis in order:
1st:___________ called_____________________________
2nd: ___________called ____________________________
3rd: _____ ______called____________________________
4th:____________called____________________________
5th:____________called____________________________
66) How many chromosomes do humans have in their ….Body cells? __________ Sex cells (gametes)? _____________
67) What does diploid mean?_________________________________________________________________________
68) What does Haploid mean?________________________________________________________________________
69) When does crossing over occur during meiosis? _______________________________________________________
GENETICS:
70) What does it mean when a trait is dominant?__________________________________________Letters?__________
71) What does it mean when a trait is recessive?__________________________________________Letters?__________
72) In the Punnett Square on the left T=tall and t = short. Use this information to answer the
following questions:
A.
B.
C.
D.
E.
Give the parents Genotypes:____________________________________________________
Give the phenotype for both parents:_____________________________________________
What are the genotypes and phenotypes of all the offspring? _________________________
What is the genotype ratio of the offspring?_______________________________________
What is the phenotypic ratio of the offspring? _____________________________________
73) N/A
74) What are sex chromosomes in males? ____________ In females? ___________
75) N/A
NATURAL SELECTION/EVOLUTION
76) Populations of organisms have many genetic variations. Where do these come from?
7) Organisms could reproduce exponentially (uncontrollably) but they don’t. Why not? What are they restricted by?
78) Genetic variations lead to different adaptations. What are adaptations?
79) Some adaptations have better survival value in certain environments. What does this mean?
80) Those organisms with adaptations that better fit them to an environment will survive, reproduce and pass on their
genes. What does it mean to be “fit” to an environment?
81) The next population will have a high frequency (#) of the genes that have been selected for. Why will the frequency
of selected genes increase? FOLLOW/COPY THE VIDEO ILLUSTRATION:
82) What is Darwin’s theory of natural selection?
83) When this process continues over millions of years, it can lead to speciation. What is speciation?
CLASSIFICATION:
84) N/A
85) What is the current seven-level classification system? (DKPCOFGS)
____________Domain, Kingdom, Phylum, Class, Order, Family, Genus, Species_____________________
86)N/A
87)N/A
88) What is a cladogram? What are derived characters?
89) DNA and biochemical analysis, embryology, and morphology us used to classify organisms. They try to determine a
“common” ___________________________________________
90) To the left is a phylogenetic tree of some
organisms. According to this tree, which pairs of
organisms are most closely related?
91) Which organism is most closely related to the
ray finned fish?
92) Which organisms are the mammals most
closely related to?
REFLECTION:
93. Which topics from this video do you understand the most? Why?
94. Which topics from this video do you understand the least? Why?
95. Do you feel that you need to STUDY these topics before the EOC?
96. Explain How/what/when you are going to study for the EOC?