Name: ____________________________________ Date: __________ Biology II Midterm Ch 1-3, 5-7
True or False. Mark A for True, B for False.
____1. A group of cells of the same type form an organ.
____2. In addition to movement, muscle contraction also fulfills some other important functions in the body, such as
posture, joint stability, and heat production.
____3. Atoms have a neutrally charged nucleus made of equal amounts of protons & neutrons.
____4. Tendon connects bone to the muscle.
____5. The nervous system is the slow acting response system
____6 The peripheral nervous system includes the spinal cord and spinal nerves.
___7. Motor efferent neurons carry signals from the peripheral nervous system to the central nervous system
___8. In a motor unit, the muscles attaches to the nerve.
Multiple choice:
_____9. Control mechanisms that lower blood pressure in response to a rapid rise in blood pressure are called:
a) dynamic balance mechanisms.
b) negative feedback mechanisms.
C) equilibrium mechanisms.
D) positive feedback mechanisms.
10. The ability of the body to maintain a relatively stable internal environment is referred to as:
a) equilibrium.
b) homeostasis.
c) metabolism.
d) negative feedback.
e). positive feedback.
11. Muscle tissue is responsible for:
a) binding organs together.
b) movement.
c) circulating respiratory gases.
d). lining cavities.
e). receiving a stimulus.
12. The cheeks are ____ to the tongue
a) proximal
b) medial
c) dorsal
d) lateral
e) inferior
13. Anatomical position is:
a) a term used by artists referring to facing front and posing.
b) the position in which the body is erect, facing front with feet parallel and arms hanging at the sides with the
palms facing forward.
c) the position in which the body is lying prone (face down) with feet parallel and arms by the sides.
d) the position in which the body is erect, facing forward with feet parallel and arms hanging at the sides with
palms facing backward.
14. Myofibrils are composed mostly of:
A. myotomes
B. tropomyosin.
C. troponin.
D. actin and myosin.
15. A solution with a pH of 8 would be:
a)
b)
c)
d)
e)
a strong base.
a weak base.
a weak acid.
a strong acid.
neutral.
16 A special lipid known as a phospholipid is employed by human organisms in forming:
a)
b)
c)
d)
cell membranes.
storage fats.
oils.
cell walls.
17. Chemical activity between atoms usually involves:
a) outer shell electrons.
b) only the neutrons.
c) the protons.
d) all of the electrons.
18.The four elements that make up about 96% of body matter are:
a)
b)
c)
d)
calcium, potassium, sodium, oxygen.
carbon, hydrogen, oxygen, and nitrogen.
hydrogen, helium, carbon and calcium.
hydrogen, oxygen, calcium, and nitrogen.
19. Electrons in an atom are arranged in different energy levels. The energy level nearest to the nucleus:
a) never has more than two electrons.
b) may accommodate up to eight electrons.
c) has a variable number of electrons, depending on the element.
20. The essential function of muscle tissue is:
A.
B.
C.
D.
E.
to stretch.
to generate heat.
lengthening.
contraction or shortening.
twisting.
21. Metabolism is:
a) a broad term that refers to all the chemical reactions that occur in the body.
b) a term that refers to the chemical reactions where larger structures are made from smaller ones (synthesis).
c) the term that refers only to the process of breaking down ingested food into simple molecules that can then be
absorbed into the blood for delivery to all body cells.
d) a term that refers to the chemical reactions where large molecules are broken down into smaller ones.
e) the ability to sense changes (stimuli) in the environment and then to react to them.
22. The thoracic body cavity:
a)
b)
c)
d)
e)
is made up of the cranial and spinal cavities.
is made up of two subcavities.
is the superior cavity in the ventral cavity.
is the dorsal cavity.
is posterior to the dorsal body cavity.
23. Which of the following are characteristic of cardiac muscle?
A.
B.
C.
D.
E.
body skeleton attachment
two sheets or layers, one running circularly and the other longitudinally
spindle-shaped cells
multinucleated cells
intercalated disks
24. Which of the following is NOT a function of bones ?
A.
B.
C.
D.
maintains posture
assists movement
attachment points for muscles
generates heat
25. Which of the following refers to one neuron and all the skeletal muscle cells it stimulates?
A.
B.
C.
D.
muscle fiber
motor unit
neuromuscular junction
synaptic cleft
26. Which of the following is NOT true of an action potential?
A.
B.
C.
D.
E.
The result of the action potential is the contraction of the muscle cell.
An action potential is a wave of electrical current.
An action potential is an all or nothing phenomenon - once started it goes to completion.
An action potential can stop or change direction along its pathway.
Repolarization automatically occurs after a stimulus is sent.
27. What specifically causes a muscle to contract?
A. The cocked heads on the myosin fold down and myosin moves.
B. The myosin heads (cross bridges) attach to each other and move the myosin myofilament.
C. When the cocked heads of the myosin attach to the binding site the myosin heads pivot toward the center of
the sarcomere.
28. The Integumentary system includes:
a) Hormones, and organs that produce them
b) Blood, vessels & heart
c) All organs from mouth to stomach with colon
d) skin, nails, hair
e) kidney, urinary organs to get rid of waste
29. The state of continuous partial contractions is called:
A.
B.
C.
D.
E.
twitch
isometric contraction
muscle fatigue
isotonic contraction
muscle tone
30. In a typical long bone, spongy bone is found in the
a)
b)
c)
d)
epiphyses
periosteum
tendon
shaft
31. In embryos, the skeleton is primarily made of _______, but in the adult most of the skeleton is _______.
a) hyaline cartilage; bone
b) bone; hyaline cartilage
c) dense regular connective tissue; hyaline cartilage
32. Single vertebrae are separated by _______, which cushion the vertebrae and absorb shocks.
a) intervertebral disks
b) bony pad
c) ligaments
33. A cell in which the chromosomes are lining up at the center of the spindle midway between the centrioles is in:
a) anaphase.
b) metaphse
c) telophase.
d) Interphase.
e) prophase.
34.Adipose tissue:
a)
b)
c)
d)
contains large amounts of protein.
functions as an insulator and protective tissue.
is composed of relatively small cells.
contains large amounts of extracellular material.
35. In an area where an epithelium is subjected to considerable wear and tear, you would expect to find:
a) transitional epithelium.
b) simple columnar epithelium.
c) stratified squamous epithelium.
d) simple cuboidal epithelium.
36. In parts of the body, such as the urinary bladder, where considerable distension occurs, you can expect to find:
a) stratified columnar epithelium.
b) transitional epithelium.
c) simple cuboidal epithelium.
37.It is generally agreed that plasma membranes are composed of:
a)
b)
c)
d)
a single layer of phospholipids with glycogen floating all over the membrane.
a double layer of phospholipids with proteins floating throughout the membrane.
a triple layer of proteins with two layers of lipid separating them.
a triple layer of phospholipids with proteins floating on the outer layer only.
Part II:
#32 : Fill in the table below with 3 types of muscle and describe each feature listed. Words available: 1, 2+; voluntary,
involuntary, striated, spindle shape , flattened, etc.
Muscle type:
# nucleus:
Nervous control:
Appearance:
Found where:
33.Label a Fluorine atom: show all particles
and charges: Atomic # = 9. Mass #= 19
34. Matching
35.____ Nerve pathway from stimulus
36. ____nerve pathway to muscle
37_____ Made of para sympathetic and
sympathetic branches
38. ___ autonomic
39.____ part of Schwann cell, assist electrical
Transmission
40.____ sensory input, gathered in and outside of
body
41. ____ motor output response
42. ___ processing and interpretation on what
should be done
a. stimuli
b. another word for involuntary branch of motor PNS
c. voluntary
d. integration
e. efferent
f. afferent
g. involuntary
h. muscle or gland activation
c. Hint: both d and b are called this:
b.
d.
34. Label parts below:
a.
e: what is the globular parts on d called: _______
Picture matching: opposition, flexion, extension, abduction
hyperextension, rotation, planter flexion, dorsi flexion,
lateral, medial,
A.
B.
43. A =______________________
44. B = _____________________
45. C= ______________________
46. ______________________ (below)
C.
47.
46.
47. When you bring your finger towards your thumb as above: it is_________________
Bonus;
48. The energy source that is directly responsible for muscle fiber contraction is:_____
3. What is the specific neurotransmitter that stimulates skeletal muscle?___
A. epinephrine B. acetylcholine (Ach)
C. dopamine
49.-Label 4 images of cell.
Parts of cell:
1. Mitochondria
3. Nucleus
5. Endoplasmic Reticulum
7. Centrioloes
9. Chromatin
11. Plasma membrane
13. lysosome
15. nuclear membrane
50. Below write the # of part next to corresponding organelle.
2. Ribosome
4. Golgi body
6. Deoxyribonucleic
acid
8. chromosomes
10. Water loving polar
end
12. Water hating,
phospholipid end
14. nucleulos
16. cytoplasm
Pons medulla oblongata, brain stem
Hypothalamus, frontal lobe, cerebellum,
Cerebrum, corpus callulosum,
Thalamus:
Note 3 lines (brain lobes) are not labeled
Essays: Do all.
51.Describe the role of homeostasis in the body systems. Why is it important for life. Which 2 systems are the
most important in maintaining homeostasis.
52.Describe positive and negative feedback. Give examples of both.
53. Draw a simple reflex arc. Demonstrate how the body responds to the patellar (knee jerk) reflex test by a
doctor. Be specific in the parts. Label all parts