AP Environmental Science – Unit 7 Test Study Guide
Test date: February 11, 2014
Chapter 14– Environmental Health and Toxicology
Page #
Terms
Concepts
370-371
Bisphenol-A
371-378
environmental health
physical hazard
chemical hazard
biological hazard
cultural hazard
infectious disease
noninfectious (nontransmissible) disease
radon
lead poisoning
asbestos
polybrominated diphenyl ethers (PBDEs)
SARS
H1N1 (swine flu)
West Nile virus
malaria
cholera
HIV/AIDS
toxicology
toxicity
toxicant
environmental toxicology
toxin
Silent Spring
carcinogen
mutagen
teratogen
thalidomide
neurotoxin
Minimata Bay
allergen
endocrine disruptor
hormone mimic
hormone blocker
phthalates
pesticide drift
polychlorinated biphenyls (PCBs)
global distillation
persistent
bioaccumulation
biomagnification
DDT (diphenyl-trichloroethane)
wildlife toxicology
case history
epidemiological study
dose-response analysis
dose
response
dose-response curve
Understand the adverse health effects associated with
bisphenol-A
Differentiate between biological, chemical, physical, and
cultural hazards.
Understand hazards from radon, asbestos, lead poisoning,
and various infectious diseases.
Compare and contrast the impact of infectious vs.
noninfectious diseases on society.
Describe the ways in which society can prevent and combat
disease.
Explain the role of toxicologists.
378-386
386-392
Understand the importance of Rachel Carson’s Silent Spring
for exposing the effects of synthetic toxicants in humans
and their environment.
Compare the different types of toxicants and their effects on
the body; give examples.
Explain the concept of pesticide drift.
Describe global distillation (how polar ecosystems tend to
concentrate toxins.)
Figure 14.15
Explain what is meant by a chemical’s persistence.
Understand bioaccumulation and biomagnification.
Figure 14.16
Explain the role of wildlife toxicology.
Describe the process of epidemiology.
Be able to interpret a dose-response curve.
Understand the toxicity information conveyed by an LD-50 or
an ED-50.
Explain what is meant by a threshold dose of a chemical.
Explain why dose-response curves for organisms affected by
392-397
LD-50
ED-50
threshold
acute exposure
chronic exposure
synergistic effects
risk
risk assessment
comparative risk analysis
risk management
innocent-until-proven guilty approach
precautionary principle
Federal Insecticide, Rodenticide, and Fungicide
Act of 1947
Toxic Substances Control Act of 1976
Food, Drug, and Cosmetic Act of 1938
FDA (Food and Drug Administration)
CDC (Centers for Disease Control and Prevention)
EPA (Environmental Protection Agency)
Stockholm Convention on POPs
endocrine disruptors often do not display the classic
pattern.
Differentiate between acute and chronic effects of toxicants.
Define synergistic effects; Explain why these pose a particular
difficulty for toxicologists.
Explain the role of risk assessment, risk analysis, and risk
management.
Understand the role of government agencies and legislation in
identifying toxicants and regulating their use and
distribution.
Differentiate between the innocent-until-proven-guilty
approach and the precautionary principle.
The test will involve 20 multiple choice questions and one free-response question.