Practice Exam- Deuterostomes and Fungi
1. Which clade does not include frogs?
a. craniates
b. gnathostomes
c. tetrapods
d. amniotes
e. lobe fins
2. Which of the following is not a distinguishing characteristic of birds?
a. amniotic egg
b. feathers
c. air sacs
d. lack of certain organs
e. lightweight skeletons
3. The discs between the vertebra in Actino Actinopeterygii (ray-finned fishes) are formed
from
a. The vertebral column
b. Remnants of the notochord
c. Remnants of the dorsal, hollow nerve cord
d. Hox genes code for formation of discs in between the vertebra
e. None of the above
4. Most reproduction in echinoderms is
a. Sexual and external
b. Hermaphroditic
c. Asexual by fragmentation
d. Parthenogenic
e. Sexual and internal
5. Echinoderms are most closely realted to:
a. Roundworms
b. Mollusks
c. Annelids
d. Arthropods
e. Chordates
6. Which of the following is not characteristic of the sea stars?
a. Water vascular system
b. Central disk with five or more arms
c. Notochord
d. Spiny skeleton
e. Tube feet
7. Which of the following structures is present in all the chordates?
a. Cranium
b. Pharyngeal slits
c. Spinal cord
d. Vertebral column
8. The two major lineages that make up the living amniota are reptiles and
a. Actinopterygii
b. Amphibian
c. Mammalia
d. Chondrichthyes
e. None of the above
9. Conidia are
a. cells produced by some fungi as the result of sexual reproduction.
b. fungal asexual reproductive cells produced by the process of mitosis.
c. structures that occur in septal pores.
d. the unspecialized gametes of fungi.
e. none of the above.
10. What are mycorrhizae?
a. the bodies of fungi, composed of hyphae
b. fungi that attack plant roots, causing disease
c. fungal hyphae that are massed together into stringlike structures
d. fungi that have symbiotic partnerships with algae or cyanobacteria
e. mutually beneficial associations of particular fungi and plant roots
11. Where could you find diploid nuclei in an ascomycete or basidiomycete fungus?
a. in spores
b. in cells at the surfaces of fruiting bodies
c. in conidia
d. in soredia
e. all of the above
12. Lichens consist of a partnership between fungi and what other organisms?
a. red algae or brown algae
b. green algae or cyanobacteria
c. the roots of vascular plants
d. choanoflagellates and Nuclearia
e. none of the above
13. How can ascomycetes be distinguished from basidiomycetes?
a. Ascomycete hyphae have simple pores in their septa and lack clamp
connections, whereas basidiomycete hyphae display complex septal pores and
clamp connections.
b. Ascomycetes produce sexual spores in sacs, whereas basidiomycetes produce
sexual spores on the surfaces of club-shaped structures.
c. Ascomycetes are commonly found in lichens, whereas basidiomycetes are less
commonly partners in lichen associations.
d. Ascomycetes are not commonly mycorrhizal partners, but basidiomycetes are
commonly present in mycorrhizal associations.
e. All of the above are correct.
14. Which group of organisms listed is most closely related to the kingdom Fungi?
a. the animal kingdom
b. the green algae
c. the land plants
d. the bacteria
e. the archaea
15. What is an example of meiosis?
a. 1n1n
b. 2n1n
c. 2n2n
d. 3n
e. A and C
16. What is an example of mitosis?
a. 1n1n
b. 2n1n
c. 2n2n
d. 3n
e. A and C
17. Fungi disease such as athlete’s foot and ringworm are caused by which phylum of fungi?
a. Chytrids
b. Zygomycetes
c. Glomeromycota
d. Ascomycetes
e. Basidiomycetes
18. What is plasmogamy?
a. Production of gametes, after fusion of hyphae from different individuals
b. Exchange of nutrients between symbiotic fungi and hosts
c. Fertilization- the fusion of cytoplasm and nuclei from different individuals
d. Fusion of the cytoplasm from different mating types, without nuclear fusion
19. What does it mean to say that a hypha is dikaryotic?
a. Two nuclei fuse during sexual reproduction to form a zygote
b. Two independent nuclei, derived from different individuals, are present in each
cell
c. The nucleus is diploid or polyploid- not haploid
d. It is extremely highly branched, which increases its surface area and thus
absorptive capacity
20. The mycelial growth habit leads to a body with a high surface-area-to-volume ratio. Why
is this important?
a. Mycelia have a large surface area for absorption
b. The hyphae that make up mycelia are long, thin tubes
c. Most hyphae are broken up into compartments by walls called septa, although
some exist as single, gigantic cells
d. Hyphae can infiltrate living or dead tissues