WS 341B -- History of American Women, 1865-Present Professor S. E. Cayleff Spring 2012 Class Times: Tu/Th 9:30-10:45 Prof’s Office Hours: Tu 11:00-12:30; Th 11:00-11:45 Phone: 594-5943 Arts and Letters 321 Graduate Assistant: Danielle Bauer Graduate Assistant Office Hours: Th 10:45-12:15. All emails answered by Monday and Thursday each week. Email: dcbauer505@gmail.com Office: AL316 Please note: This syllabus is a contract. You are responsible for knowing its contents and fulfilling the requirements. Please read it carefully and refer to it constantly throughout the semester. Required Texts The following books are for sale at KB Books. The mandatory class Reader is for sale at KB Books (only) for use in this course. Chopin – The Awakening DuBois and Dumenil – Through Women’s Eyes (TWE), 2nd Edition Ehrenreich and English – For Her Own Good Houston – Farewell to Manzanar Plath – The Bell Jar Yezierska – Bread Givers Learning Outcomes By taking this course on “Women in American History” you will be able to: Situate women’s experiences within specific eras in American history Bring a feminist and critical gendered analysis to human experience Differentiate amongst the experiences of diverse women as their positions are affected by race, ethnicity, religion, sexual orientation, social class and so on. Understand the cultural institutions that determine the material circumstances of women’s lives (religion, law, medicine and so on...) Analyze how cultural and gendered norms and ideals impact diverse women’s lives (e.g. patriarchy, heteronormativity, shifting expectations of women’s “place” in the private and public realms and soon. Understand ways in which women have resisted and rebelled against these cultural institutions and norms See how women have formed separate institutions, ways of being and communities within these historical eras Advance your critical thinking and writing skills 1 Enhance your ability to discern and analyze present-day gendered relations This course fulfills the American Institutions/G.E. requirement. Students are expected to think critically about the readings and to come to class prepared to have that knowledge supplemented by lecture material. On discussion/slide/film days, students will be asked to critically analyze a variety of the ideas, issues and themes that emerge in the readings and lecture material. Class Etiquette Please do: Arrive on time Do all of the readings due for that day Turn assignments in on time Communicate with the professor or graduate assistant if you must leave early or know you will miss a class for an emergency Provide written documentation for any medical or personal emergency absences. No documentation means no excused absence. Please do NOT do any of the following: Arrive late Email any assignments to the professor or graduate assistant, as these will not be accepted Read a newspaper Listen to electronic devices Surf the Internet Send/receive text messages Read materials not associated with class Engage in distracting, off-subject conversations with classmates Sleep Notice: In order to create a respectful environment for everyone, any student found texting, reading non-class related materials, surfing the web or sleeping will be asked to leave for that class and will not receive credit for attendance that day. Repeat infractions may result in failing the class. Attendance: Attendance will be taken during each class and counts towards your participation grade. Four or more absences constitute an "F" grade on attendance. To have an absence excused, written documentation must be provided. Academic Misconduct and Plagiarism: Section 41301 of Title V of the California Code of Regulations defines academic misconduct as “Cheating or plagiarism in connection with an academic program at a campus.” According to the SDSU Center for Student Rights and Responsibilities, “Examples of cheating would include using unauthorized notes or study guides during an exam, unauthorized collaboration on 2 coursework, stealing course examinations or materials, falsifying records or data, and intentionally assisting another individual in any of the above.” Some examples of plagiarism include submitting work that was written by someone else or using someone else’s ideas (written or verbal) without referencing that source in a footnote or bibliography. When using exact quotes, be sure to put these quotes within quotation marks. How to Read for this Course: Read the introductions and conclusions of the essays or books first and read them closely. When you read, read for argument. Determine the author's main themes and main argument. The editors of your books give you these in the chapter introductions, but you will learn how to extract these yourself as you read. Keep the weekly questions in mind as you read: these help you extract the most important ideas. Special Circumstances: Religious holidays: Anticipated absences for religious holidays must be cleared with the graduate assistant a minimum of ten days in advance. Students With Special Needs: Students who need accommodation of their disabilities should contact me privately to discuss specific accommodations for which they have received authorization. If you have a disability, but have not contacted Student Disability Services at 619594-6473 (Calpulli Center, 3rd Floor, Suite 3101), please do so before making an appointment with the professor. Women's Studies Major or Minor: Thinking about a Major or Minor in Women's Studies? The program offers exciting courses, is committed to women's issues and social justice, and is adaptable to your interests and concerns. For more information contact: Dr. Doreen Mattingly Undergraduate Advisor. mattingl@mail.sdsu.edu COURSE EVALUATION CRITERIA: Total: 100 points (plus extra credit points if applicable) -Attendance and discussion participation 10% -Historical novel essay, 6 pages (based on one novel you select) 20% -Exam 20% -Primary Source Analysis (selection and analysis) 10% -3 community involvement events @5% each 15% -FINAL PROJECT OPTIONS: 25% Annotated bibliography This includes a 6-7 page annotated bibliography (this is NOT a standard narrative paper) and an oral presentation: ---OR--- Participation in one of the Community-Based Service Learning internships, which includes a journal, final reflection paper and an oral presentation 3 WRITTEN WORK REQUIREMENTS: •ESSAY: One 6 page analytic essay on ONE OF THE FOLLOWING THREE CHOICES: Awakening/Breadgivers (due 3/1); Farewell to Manzanar (due 3/13) or Bell Jar (due 3/22). These are ANALYTIC essays that require that you go beyond what we discuss in class. You need to offer specific examples from the text, use citations within your essay, and utilize information/citations from AT LEAST FOUR (PLUS the novel) of your assigned readings that complement the topic at hand. Also, attach a bibliography. Papers that do not follow these instructions will receive a grade of zero. PRIMARY SOURCE ANALYSIS : Historical Method: Primary and Secondary sources: A primary source is something from the era. This is a source that has not yet been interpreted by a scholar or anyone else. It can be a diary entry, demographic table from a census, medical record, “expert’s” writing at that time, a document from radical thinkers, poem, music, etc. A secondary source is something written by someone who has already interpreted original (primary) materials. It is academic scholarship, etc. Your source must fall within the time-frame of our course and it must be American in focus. It cannot be a source we have read for the class; it is a new source that you have located. Analyze it using the prompt provided here. Identify and answer all portions of the prompt in your response. Also include your own analysis in your response. Bullet points are fine. All must be turned in by 4/17, though you can turn them in anytime starting Week 3. You can use this primary source as one of the three you are using for your annotated bibliography. A “primary source” is any document, letter, newspaper article, photos, drawing, object, etc. from a specific historical moment. It is something by and for the people at that time-a first-hand source from that time and place. Your analysis of it must include your thorough analysis of the following questions. NOTE: If you cannot give thorough details to these questions, then you do not have a useful document—please find another one. 1. What is the document? 2. What year was it written? 3. Who were the person(s) who made it? What facts about the author(s) of the document help you to understand the purpose of the document?…to understand the details in the document? (you may need to do a little research on-line or in another source to answer this please DO NOT use Wikipedia-it is unreliable). IF YOU CANNOT LOCATE THE AUTHOR: What facts about the TOPIC give you the background to understand the purpose and importance of details in the document? If you cannot ascertain this, choose another document. 4. Related to #3, what was the author’s point of view about women’s role at that time and place? i.e., what is the gender, race, social class, occupation, political view, religion, or any other factor that will help you understand what helped create the author’s ideas about women’s role at that time. 4 5. What was the original purpose of the document? 6. What are several SPECIFIC DETAILS, or quotations, in the document that support the author’s purpose? 7. Prepare a paragraph or two explaining how the document relates to the week’s readinghow it helps you understand the themes found on the syllabus for that week. (Note the week’s topic and the questions). Use examples from both the assigned reading and your document. Community Involvements and Reflective Essays: 15% (5% each essay) The Women's Studies Department encourages students to explore the connections between theory and activism by offering students the option to fulfill a percentage of their course requirements through participation in community events relevant to Women's Studies. This course requires that you attend THREE such events (to be announced throughout the semester). After you attend an event you are asked to write a 2.5 double spaced Reflective Essay. The prompt you are addressing is: “Who was the speaker/exhibit, etc. and what were the main points of the event? How did this event complement, clarify and/or contradict issues and themes we have studied in our class?” You must use specific examples when answering this prompt that refer to class lectures, readings, and discussions. You will be assigned points on a 1-5 scale; 5 being the highest. -----------------------------------------------------------------FINAL PROJECT OPTIONS: 1) Annotated Bibliography OR 2) Community Based Service Learning internship ANNOTATED BIBLIOGRAPHY Each student will select a topic they think would be a valuable supplement to the extant lecture material in WS341B. You will locate FOUR secondary (interpretive) and TWO primary sources ("from the era"/first-person accounts). Using these you will create your argument. The Annotated Bibliography should be 6-7 pages. During the last few classes, each student will give a 5 minute (only!) presentation with some sort of audio-visual aide(s) about the annotated bibliographic research. It's your turn to be creative: poster boards, brief videos, role-playing, and so on. Your presentation will be assigned a date later in the semester. Proposal: All Research Proposals are due March 6. For those doing the Annotated Bibliography, you must submit a one-page Research Proposal that includes the Following: 1. Title 2. Statement of historical era and relevant demographics (race, age, locale, social class, religion, sexual orientation and so on). 3. 3-5 analytic questions you intend to ask of the materials. These may shift, but this is a “launch point” for you to begin to distill the information. 5 4. Complete bibliographic citations (author, source, place of publication date, page numbers and any other relevant information that places/contextualizes the source) for FIVE secondary and THREE primary sources. Final Paper Instructions for Annotated Bibliographies: The final product should be 6-7 pages only -- over-length papers will be penalized. You are allowed two internet sources only; all others must be gotten from the library in article or book form. Ten points deducted for each additional Internet source used. All papers are due May 3 and 11:00 a.m. or they will be considered late. ANNOTATED BIBLIOGRAPHIES: For those students NOT doing a community-based service learning option, an end-ofthesemester Annotated Bibliography is required. A separate posting on Blackboard will provide full and complete details for its format. Please note: if you are doing this option, you must turn in a Research Topic Proposal (Due March 8) about your paper. Please see due date for Topic Commitment below. Due dates for oral presentations for Annotated Bibliographies are assigned over the course of several classes at semester’s end. All written papers are due on date stipulated below. Model papers from semester’s past will be circulated so that it is clear this is NOT a traditional “narrative” paper. The Annotated Bibliography should include: 1. Title 2. Statement of historical era and relevant demographics. Place your topic within its historical context (do this by noting era, location, and relevant information for that era, etc.). 3. Note which women are included in your study and those who are not. Note how their social class, race/ethnicity, regional location, religion, sexualities and so on help shape their experiences. 4. You will be answering the 3-5 analytic questions you asked on your proposal. These may have changed somewhat, but they will still serve as the backbone of your paper. 5. Using the four secondary and two primary sources you chose, you will answer your questions. 6. Note: complete bibliographic citations (author, source, place of publication, date, page numbers and any other relevant information that places/contextualizes the sources) are necessary. NOTE: You may use the primary source you analyzed and turned in separately. Your six sources should not “reuse” sources assigned for class reading. 7. You must state where on the syllabus (amidst all of semester’s materials) your topic would be inserted and why. 8. Provide content/specific information. 9. Provide your own original analysis. Please note, since the goal is for you do original thinking, please remember that this research MAY NOT REPEAT material covered in class. You need to bring original insights to the topic. 6 COMMUNITY-BASED SERVICE LEARNING: Preference will be given to Women's Studies majors and minors. Students may apply to participate in one of four Community Service Learning internships. If selected, you are exonerated from the 6-7 page annotated bibliography assignment, but must complete the primary source analysis assignment (refer to page 4). You must be able to attend one of two scheduled training sessions. You must log 20 hours working with one of the following, keep a weekly journal, and write a reflective essay (prompt to be provided). Both the journal and the essay must be turned in for you to receive full credit. Your contribution/attendance/efforts will be calculated by your on-site supervisor). 1) Young Women's Studies Club (YWSC) at Hoover High School: MUST BE AVAILBLE THURSDAYS 12:30-1:30 and able to get to Hoover High on El Cajon Blvd. 2) Safe Zones at SDSU: YOUR MUST ATTEND A THREE HOUR ALLY TRAINING as well as a 341B Cultural Competency training session. These hours “count” towards your 20 hour commitment. 3) Women's Museum of California(WMC) in Golden Hills, San Diego, 2323 Broadway 4) San Diego County Women’s Hall of Fame event through the WMC5) Women’s Outreach Organization at SDSU In order to be selected to work with the YWSC you MUST be available on Thursdays 12:30-1:30 and able to be at Hoover High School (on El Cajon Boulevard) during that time. Sorry, no exceptions. You will also be bound by specific rules: dress code, serving as appropriate role models and demonstrating cultural competency. Those applying for the other CBSL opportunities (such as SafeZones) will have more flexible hours. To fulfill the requirement, you must: •Obtain handout. •For YWSC and SafeZones, you must attend a 90 minute Cultural Competency Training Session •For SafeZones, you must attend an Ally Training Session. •Meet regularly with graduate coordinator. •For YWSC, attend Thursday meetings •Participate in designated projects/events. •Fulfill the 20 hour commitment which will be calculated by the on-site director. •Keep a weekly journal, which will be submitted with the reflection paper •Write a six page reflection paper (no research required) due May 3. •Give a group presentation at the end of the semester with the other students working on the same project. It is suggested that each member of the group present on a specific aspect of the collective experience. •Presentation dates will be assigned. EXTRA CREDIT OPPORTUNITIES: These will be offered throughout the semester. Students may get credit for a maximum of three. They will include Women's Studies speakers, American Indian pow-wows, activist events on 7 campus and so on. All extra credit assignments are due one week from the actual event itself. To get credit, turn in 1.5-2 typed pages about insights you gained, some form of “proof” of attendance, and comment on how the event furthered your knowledge about issues from this course. YOU CANNOT “double-dip” by using the same “Community Involvement” activity for an extra-credit assignment. Please write in response to the following prompt: “How did attending this event clarify or expand upon insights gained in this class?” DUE DATES: 3/1 – Awakening/Breadgivers essay due (CHOICE) 3/6 – Annotated bibliography proposal due (if you are doing CBSL you are exonerated from this) 3/13 – Farewell to Manzanar essay due (CHOICE) 3/22 –The Bell Jar essay due (CHOICE) 4/5 – Exam study guide distributed 4/5 –Students receive list of when they will give their final oral presentation (EVERYONE) 4/17 –All primary source analyses not yet turned in are due (EVERYONE) 4/12 –Exam May 1, 3, 8 – Student presentations (EVERYONE) May 3 – All Annotated Bibliographies and Community-Service Learning reflections are due by 11:00 a.m. NO EXCEPTIONS. PLEASE DO NOT ASK. TEN POINTS DEDUCTED EACH DAY (NOT CLASS) IT IS LATE. COURSE SYLLABUS (Note: students are expected to come to class having completed the readings that appear for that date and ready to participate productively in discussion.) 1/19 Introduction: no readings required for the first class Course mechanics What is Women’s History? How do its methods differ from “traditional” history? Unit One: The 19th Century Legacy: Woman's Culture and Transforming the Public Sphere 1/24 19th Century Legacy: Limitations, Rewards and Widening Horizons: Education; Views of Women’s Physiology, and Entrance into the Public Sphere TWE: “Introduction for Students” pp. xxvii-xxxv; “Late Nineteenth-Century Immigration…” pp. 403-421. Unit Two: The New Woman and the Progressive Era 1/26 The Progressive Era and the "New Woman" Defined: The Settlement House Movement Jacob, “She Couldn’t Have Done It…Lizzie Borden.” READER Ehrenreich and English, For Her Own Good, Chapter 4. Sanchez, “Go After the Women…” READER 8 ** Begin reading The Awakening** Everyone must read this novel whether you choose to write this essay or not. 1/31 Urban Working Women: Immigrant Women and Their Families Visuals TWE: “Jacob Riis’s Photographs,” pp. 434-440; “Female Wage Labor and the Triumph of Industrial Capitalism.” pp.337-342; “The Female Labor Force,” pp. 455-462. 2/4 Women's Strikes and Trade Unions; Socialist Women ***Continue reading The Awakening Film: “Heaven Will Protect the Working Girl” TWE: “Parades, Picketing…”pp. 490 through the document on Lawrence, Mass. Ehrenreich and English, For Her Own Good, Chapter 6. Muncy, “The Ambiguous Legacies of Women’s Progressivism,” READER 2/7 Women's Organizations: Race and Class Dimensions, 1890-1940 Film: “Madam C. J. Walker” TWE: “The Female Dominion,” pp. 462-469; “Women’s Networks…” pp. 563-569; Visuals, “Women in Public Space: Uncle Sam Wants You,” pp. 498-502; and “Women’s Networks in the New Deal,” pp. 563-569. 2/9 Race Activism: Film: Ida B. Wells TWE: “African –American Women and the Great Migration,” pp. 509-516; Ida B. Wells, “Race Woman,” pp. 358-362. 2/14 “Restlessness” and the Middle Class Discussion: Chopin, The Awakening Ehrenreich and English, For Her Own Good, “Microbes and the Manufacture of Housework,” Chapter 5. TWE: “Women in the Cartoons,” pp. 441-448. **Begin reading: Yezierska, Bread Givers** Everyone must read this novel whether you choose to write this essay or not. 2/16 New Morality and Feminism: Youth, Flappers and the New “Sex Freedom” All in the READER: D’Emilio & Freedman, “Morals and Manners in the 1920s;” “Singing the Blues” lyrics; Peiss, “Charity Girls;” Blee, “The Ku Klux Klan in Indiana.” TWE: “The Emergence of Feminism,” pp. 476-481. **Continue reading Bread Givers. 2/21 The Birth Control Movement: Margaret Sanger and Reproductive Freedom TWE: “Modernizing Womanhood,” pp. 503-507; and “Prosperity Decade: The 1920s,” pp. 521535. ***Begin serious research for your annotated bibliography: proposals are due 3/6*** 9 Unit Three: Social Class, Ethnicity and Women’s Opportunities and Limitations 2/23 Women in the Great Depression TWE: “African American Women and the Great Migration,” pp. 509-516; “Depression Decade,” pp. 535-545. 2/28 DISCUSSION: Breadgivers By now, those of you who have chosen the Annotated Bibliography option, should be well on your way in compiling your one page Annotated Bibliography proposal, which is due 3/6. **Begin reading Farewell to Manzanar.** Everyone must read the novel, whether you choose to write on this topic or not. 3/1 Cross-Class Solidarity: The Struggle to Become Full Citizens By Gaining the Vote Film: Iron jawed Angels TWE: “Votes for Women” pp. 469-475; and Visuals, pp. 490-498. ***One of the elective essays is due today on The Awakening and The Breadgivers. Please answer the following question in 5 double-spaced typed pages: SCHOLARLY ENDNOTES ARE EXPECTED. You must cite a minimum of four primary and/or secondary sources that we have used in class to “frame” your essay. Avoid generalizations; at all times give specific examples as you answer the question. Question: Both protagonists, Edna Pontelier and Sara Smolinsky, were women whose social class, ethnicity and religion prescribed a distinct life course for them. Yet the concerns, opportunities and decisions each made were very much defined by their individual and cultural circumstances. Compare and contrast how each woman’s opportunities and limitations were affected by her: ethnicity, religion, social class and geographic location. Also, please speculate what types of political beliefs (based on the era in which each lived) they might have held. What types of social or political organizations might each have joined? Please be specific in the examples you give. Unit Four: Individual Milestones and Cultural Demand: Opportunities for Women at MidCentury 3/6 DISCUSSION: Farewell to Manzanar (40 minutes) ***Your proposal for the annotated bibliography is due today*** “Babe” Didrikson Zaharias: The Modern Woman Personified; Conflict and Opportunity TWE: “Young Women Speak Out…” pp. 556-562; Visual Sources, “Women at Work,” pp. 5570582 NOTE: If you are writing on Farewell to Manzanar be sure to read the TWE segments. 3/8 Women and World War II FILM: "The Life and Times of Rosie the Riveter." TWE: “Working for Victory: Women and War,” pp. 1941-1945, pp. 545-555; 10 **Begin reading: The Bell Jar.** Everyone must read the novel, whether you choose to write on this topic or not. Towards Women’s Liberation 3/13 Film: Seeds of the Sixties ****Essay on Farewell to Manzanar due today if you chose to write on it.**** QUESTION: (1) How did internment affect the traditions and roles of both Issei and Nisei women? (2) Daughters of immigrants often find themselves caught between two identities—that of their parents’ culture and that of mainstream U.S. culture. What were examples from readings that reveal this dual identity? What were examples of how young Nisei women like Jeanne embraced or rejected American culture to cope with their dual identities? Please answer the question in 6 double-spaced typed pages: SCHOLARLY ENDNOTES ARE EXPECTED. Ehrenreich and English, “Motherhood as Pathology,” For Her Own Good, Chapter 7. TWE: “Family Culture and Gender Roles,” and “Women’s Activism in Conservative Times,” pp. 589-609. ** Continue reading The Bell Jar 3/15 The 1950s Toll A brief insight into “The Feminine Mystique: so-named by Betty Friedan. DISCUSSION: S. Plath, The Bell Jar TWE: “The Limits of the Feminine Mystique,” p. 626 3/20 The 1960s and Cultural Revolution Ehrenreich and English, “The Fall of the Experts,” For Her Own Good, 295-340. TWE: Visual Sources, “Television’s Prescriptions for Women,” pp. 628-642; “Women's Liberation and the Sixties Revolution” pp. 670-674. 3/22 Civil Rights and the New Left TWE: “A Mass Movement for Civil Rights,” pp. 610-622; 653-658 ***ESSAY ON THE BELL JAR DUE TODAY**** Question: Some have called Sylvia Plath a “prophet for the Women’s Liberation Movement” because her life and creative struggles personified the responses of some women to the stifling restraints of the 1950s. Using specific examples from your readings, lecture material and the novel analyze the conflicting opportunities and restrictive sex role expectations Esther Greenwood experienced. How did her social class and education impact her situation? Speculate on how much of her despair was a result of cultural norms, and how much was a result of her personal psychological depression. Why did the author, Plath, refuse to allow Esther Greenwood to die? 11 Please answer the question in 6 double-spaced typed pages: SCHOLARLY ENDNOTES ARE EXPECTED. SPRING BREAK MARCH 26-March 30 4/3 Women's Liberation: The Problems and Potential for Unity: TWE: “The Impact of Feminism” pp. 685-694; and “Women and Public Policy,” pp. 694700. READER: Glamour, “The National Abortion Debate;” and Collins, “What’s in a Name? Womanism…” 4/5 Film: “Chicano Park” **Students receive schedule of final presentation dates** **Exam study guide distributed** READER: Ruiz, “Out of the Shadows.” Unit Six: Critical Issues since the 1990s: Diversity and Struggle 4/10 Daughters of the Earth: Native American Women: Negotiating “Two Worlds” Film: “Winds of Change: A Matter of Choice” READER: Howe,” An American in New York…;” and Green, “Women in American Indian Society.” Chapter 7. 4/12 Exam 4/17 Women-Committed Women: Lesbian Life and Struggles ***All primary source analyses not yet turned in are due today*** LGBTQI Speakers READER: Davis and Kennedy, “Oral History…Lesbian Community,” Faderman, “Lesbians in the ‘80s;” and articles from Utne Reader. 4/19 Violence against Women and Women’s Health Guest Speaker ***Class exercise*** Reader: Articles on women’s health- “Women Are Different;” “Minorities Are Underserved,” “Dying to Win;” and “Who Isn’t on a Diet” TWE: “Women's Lives in Modern America and the World” pp. 754-762 and “Feminist Revival of the 1990s,” pp. 766-777. 4/24 Women and Work: Includes Discussion of Female Headed Households Film: “WAL*MART: The High Cost of Low Price” 4/26 Graduate student run class ***Class exercise*** TWE: Visual Sources: “American Women in the World,” pp. 778-794. 12 May 1: Student presentations May 3: Student presentations: ***ALL ANNOTATED BIBLIOGRAPHIES AND CBSL JOURNALS/ESSAYS DUE TODAY AT 11:00 a.m. POINTS DEDUCTED FOR ALL LATE PAPERS. May 8: Student presentations. Student presentations have been assigned according to your topic. Your oral presentation, with audiovisual aides, should be 5 minutes ONLY. NO REQUESTS FOR EXTENSIONS WILL BE GRANTED. AT SEMESTER’S END IF YOU WANT YOUR WORK RETURNED TO YOU, YOU NEED TO PROVIDE US WITH ASTAMPED, SELF-ADDRESSED MAILING ENVELOPE DURING THE LAST CLASS. SUGGESTED TOPICS: Annotated Bibliography Women factory workers The daily lives of ethnic women Labor radicalism Clara Lemlick Socialist women Eleanor Roosevelt Mary McLeod Bethune Anzia Yezierska Betty Friedan Wilma Mankiller Title IX and Women’s Sports Women’s roles during WWII The Black Club Women Jane Addams Women’s changing fashion and what it reveals about their social roles Rosa Parks Maya Angelou Lesbian Lives Emma Goldman Del Martin & Phyllis Martin; Daughters if Bilitis Wages for Housework Movement Amelia Earhardt The Ninety-Nines Gloria Steinem Individual women: politicians, writers, athletes and so on 13