Name________________________________________
Period____________
DIY #5: The Molecules of Life
Main categories of organic molecules:
Carbohydrates - are the primary source of energy for the body.
_______________________- It provides energy, absorbs certain nutrients, and maintains your
core body temperature.
________________________ -They do most of the work in cells and are required for the
structure, function, and regulation of the body's tissues and organs.
Give 3 examples of carbohydrates: ______________, _______________, and ______________
Give 3 examples of proteins: _________________, ________________, and _______________
Give 3 examples of fats: __________________, ________________, and __________________
Elements Found in Food
Foods are made of the elements such as carbon (C), hydrogen (H), ______________ (O),
nitrogen (N), and phosphorus (P) with lesser amounts of minerals such as iron (Fe),
_______________(Cu), magnesium (Mg), calcium (Ca).
Compounds
Compounds are pure substance composed of two or more _______________ elements joined by
chemical bonds.
Examples of Compounds are: H2O – water, NaCl - salt, and CO2 – carbon dioxide
Molecules
Molecules are composed of two or more elements that are joined by chemical bonds.
Elements can be the same
H2
O2
N2
Elements can be different
H2O
Organic Compounds
Organic Compounds: are found in all living things. They contain carbon (C), hydrogen (H),
oxygen (O), nitrogen (N), phosphorous (P), and sulfur (S)
Name________________________________________
Period____________
*** All organic compounds must have carbon (C ) to be organic **** (exception is CO2)
Organic vs. Inorganic Compounds
Organic compounds contain carbon joined with other elements. Hydrogen, nitrogen, and
oxygen atoms are the most common atoms that are generally attached to the carbon atoms to
form organic compounds. For example C6H12O6
O2 is not organic because it contains oxygen but no carbon.
FOOD
Carbohydrates, Proteins, and Fats are organic compounds/molecules made of Carbon (C),
Hydrogen (H), and Oxygen (O)
Digestion is the process of breaking down larger food ________________/compounds into
smaller molecules our cells can use for energy.
Absorption – for food to be absorbed, it must be broken down into a simple form!
Carbohydrates
Carbohydrates ( ________________________) are broken down into simple sugars called
___________________ (simple)
Proteins
_________________(Complex Molecule) are broken down into ____________ acids (simple).
Fats
_____________ (complex molecule) are broken down into ____________ (simple).
Absorption of Food Nutrients in the Small Intestine
The __________ acids from proteins are absorbed into the bloodstream from the small intestine
Simple sugars or _____________ from carbohydrates are absorbed into the bloodstream from
the small intestine
____________ broken down from fats are absorbed into the bloodstream from the small intestine
Absorption of Food Nutrients in the Large Intestine
Site of water, salt, vitamin absorption