p. 1 of 3 Genetics Introduction—Guided Notes Assignment
Student’s name:___________________________
Introduction to Genetics pre-test
1. Acquired characteristics such as playing a musical instrument are inherited. 
t f
2. Identical twins are always of the same gender.  t f
3. Fraternal (non-identical) twins are more closely related to each other than to
other children in the family.  t f
4. The father determines the gender of the child.  t f
5. Each parent contributes half of a child’s genetic makeup.  t f
6. Color blindness is more common in males than in females.  t f
7. Parents can transmit to offspring characteristics that the parents themselves do
not show.  t f
8. Identical twins are more closely related than fraternal twins.  t f
9. Certain inherited traits may be altered by the stars, moon or planets early in
development.  t f
Vocabulary of Heredity (a list)
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dominant
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recessive
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Capital letter
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lowercase letter
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characteristic
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trait
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experimental (observed) data
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predicted (expected) data
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probability
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Punnett square
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fraternal twins
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identical twins
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gene
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allele
genetic disease
infectious disease
heredity
genetics
homozygous
heterozygous
purebred, pure breed
hybrid, cross breed
incomplete dominance
dominance (law of)
independent assortment (law of)
segregation (law of)
meiosis
mitosis
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10. A craving for food, such as strawberries, may cause a birthmark on an unborn
child.  t f
11. Many of a person’s inherited traits are not apparent.  t f
12. The parent with the stronger will contributes more to a child’s inheritance
than the other parent.  t f
13. If a person loses a limb in an accident, it is likely that he or she will have a
child with a missing limb.  t f
14. Children born to older parents usually lack the vitality of those born to
younger parents.  t f
15. The total number of male births exceeds female births each year.  t f
16. Much of what we know about heredity was discovered by a monk.  t f
P
F1
F2
pedigree
reproduction
o
growth
o
repair
o
new individual
asexual reproduction
sexual reproduction
binary fission
cell
multicellular
unicellular
gamete
Guided Notes Start Here
1. Gregor Mendel: Austrian monk who, during the 1800s, discovered the basic laws of
________________ by studying pea plants.
a. Reproduction in Flowering Plants
i. Pollen contains _____________
ii. Ovary contains _____________
iii. Found where? ____________________
Mendelian Genetics
2. Purebred—an offspring whose ancestors have been all ____ for many generations
3. Hybrid – the _____________ of a cross between parents with different
___________.
4. Gene a section of _______ that has the code for making a _________
5. Alleles – two forms of a gene-- one from _____, one from _______
a. (Like two forms of a _______: capital and lowercase)
6. Dominant ___________ Recessive
7. Dominant – the strong allele
a. represented by a ____________ LETTER
b. If present, it is what you see.
8. Recessive – the weak allele
a. represented by a __________________ LETTER
b. Only shows up if no dominant allele is present.
period______
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egg
sperm
phenotype
genotype
pollen
pollinate
fertilize
haploid
diploid
1n, 2n
23, 46
zygote
sex chromosome
autosome
sex-linked, x-linked disease
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autosomal disease
mutation
chromosome
DNA
RNA
mRNA
tRNA
rRNA
ribosome
protein
enzyme
9. Mom and Dad can both give you DOMINANT, both recessive, or one of each
10. P, F1, and F2 Generation… What are they? What is going on?
11. Homozygous vs. Heterozygous
a. Homozygous – the two ________ are the same (TT or tt).
b. Heterozygous – the two alleles are ______________ (Tt).
12. Phenotype vs. Genotype
a. Phenotype – the _____________ characteristics that show up outside.
1. The way it looks (e.g. tall).
b. Genotype –the ___________ hidden inside each cell.
1. letter combination (e.g. Tt or TT)
13. Mendel stated that physical traits are inherited as invisible “_______________”.
a. What do we now call these particles?
14. ________________ Square
Used to help solve genetics problems
15. Punnett squares – more specifically, used to _______________________________
the genetic variations that will result from a cross.
16. Punnett Squares –Follow the steps to DO THE WORKSHEET! (BBG1)
p. 2 of 3 Genetics Introduction—Guided Notes Assignment
Student’s name:___________________________
17. Genotype & Phenotype How are they related in these flowers? Genotype is nothing
but the ______________________inside each cell. In this case, the letters R and
r are used to represent the alleles for flower color
If the genotypes are:
RR
__
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the phenotypes will be ____
RED
_________.
26. Identify these terms.
18. It’s not just genes. Genes and ___________________ determine characteristics
e.g. with ___________________ (Draw a diagram to show!)
-----------#19-26b are problems for review. Use your Guided Notes and
your journal.-----------19. Genotypes
a. ________________ genotype - gene combination involving 2 dominant
or 2 recessive genes (e.g. RR or rr);
i. also called _________bred
b. ________________ genotype – mixed gene combination of one
dominant & one recessive allele (e.g. Rr);
i. also called _________________
20. In what ways are peas a better model than humans for studying heredity?
(Compare.)
Peas
Humans
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21. Think about Mendel’s main job. What is another likely reason why Mendel
studied peas and not humans?
22. What did Mendel do? He produced ________________________ by allowing the
plants to __________________________________
for________________________
23. What is a “trait” ?
24. What are some traits of peas that Mendel looked for?
25. Compare “purebred” and “hybrid”.
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dominant
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recessive
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gene
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allele
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trait
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experimental (observed) data
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predicted (expected) data
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genotype
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phenotype
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law of dominance
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law of segregation
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law of independent assortment
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purebred
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hybrid
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Punnett square
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heredity
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genetics
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capital letter
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lowercase letter
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gamete
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zygote
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reproduce
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3 functions of reproduction
26b. Infer the meanings of these terms/topics.
 incomplete dominance
 role of parents
 analysis of pedigrees

genetic disease
period______
p. 3 of 3 Genetics Introduction—Guided Notes Assignment
rd
Non-Mendelian Inheritance (3 page) Use as study guide!
27. What is dominance?
28. Give an example.
29. What is incomplete dominance?
30. Give an example.
31. What is codominance?
32. Give an example.
33. Give the meanings:
34. multiple
35. poly36. allele
37. gene
38. What are multiple alleles?
39. Give an example.
40. What is a polygenic trait?
41. Give an example.
42. What is a karyotype?
43. How many chromosomes does a human have?
44. Why are your chromosomes grouped in pairs?
45. Out of your entire body, what are the only cells that have just 23
chromosomes (as opposed to 46)?
46. What type of chromosomes are #1 through 22?
47. Compare the last chromosome pair to the first 22 pairs.
48. In terms of chromosomes, what is the difference between boys
and girls?
49. What are the X-linked genes?
50. What is your description of a pedigree?
51. How do you show: parents, offspring, female, male, and a person
who has a trait? (Draw a diagram.)
52. Why is hemophilia considered to be a sex-linked disorder?
53. Why do we know so much about hemophilia?
54. Compare blood types O, B, AB, and A.
55. What blood type do you have? If you don’t know, ask a parent!
Student’s name:___________________________
period______