First Aid, CPR and AED
Chapter 15 p 85-93
Name: _________________________
Date/Block: _____________________
Animal and Human Bites
Define Rabies: An acute viral infection of the central nervous system transmitted by the bite of
an infected animal.
 To care for an animal or human bite:
1. If not bleeding heavily, wash the area with soap and water under pressure.
2. Flush thoroughly with running water.
3. Control the bleeding and cover wound with a sterile or clean dressing.
4. Seek medical care for further wound cleaning and closure and possible tetanus and/or rabies care.
Snake Bites
The four venomous snakes native to the U.S. are: Rattlesnake, Copperhead, Water Moccasin
and Coral Snake
The signs of a _venomous snake bite_ include:
Severe, burning pain, puncture wounds ½ to 1 ½ inches apart, swelling, discoloration and blood-filled
blisters, possibly developing hours after the bite, nausea, vomiting, sweating, and weakness
 To care for a venomous pit viper bite:
1. Get the victim and bystanders away from the snake.
2. Keep the victim calm and limit movement. Immobilize the affected limb.
3. Gently wash the area with soap and water. Do not attempt to trap/kill the snake.
4. If from a coral snake, apply mild pressure and an elastic bandage over the bite site and the entire limb.
5. Seek medical care immediately.
 What is antivenin? Can the same antivenin be used on all species of snakes? An
antivenin is an antiserum containing antibodies against reptile or insect venom. NO, a
coral snake requires a different one.
Insect Stings
The signs of an insect sting include _pain__, _itching_ and __swelling__. The signs of a severe
allergic reaction to a sting include _difficulty breathing__, _tightness in the chest_, _swelling of
the mouth, tongue or throat_, and _dizziness/nausea_.
 To care for an insect sting, you should:
1. If the stinger is embedded, remove it as quickly as possible by brushing away with the hand, scraping with
fingernail, or scraping with credit card. Do not use tweezers.
2. Wash the area with soap and water.
3. Apply ice or a cold pack over the area.
4. Apply hydrocortisone cream to relieve swelling and itching.
5. Observe the victim for signs of a severe allergic reaction. Call 9-1-1 if signs develop. If the victim has a
prescribed auto-injector, help them use it.
Spider Bites
Black Widow spiders: females have a red hourglass shape on the abdomen, antivenin
can provide relief.
Brown Recluse spiders: have a violin shaped figure on their backs, results in a red blister
and bull’s-eye pattern, leads to a scab and an ulcer.
 To care for ALL spider bites:
1. If possible, catch the spider to confirm its identity.
2. Wash the bitten area with soap and water.
3. Apply ice or a cold pack over the bite to relieve pain.
4. Seek medical care.
 To care for a tick bite:
1. Remove the tick with tweezers or a specialized tick removal tool. Grasp the tick as close to the skin as
possible and lift the tick with enough force to “tent” the skin’s surface. Hold it in this position until the tick lets
go.
2. Wash the area with soap and water or use an antiseptic.
3. Apply ice or a cold pack to reduce pain.
4. Seek medical care if the tick was attached for a few hours. Watch for signs of a transmitted disease such as
a rash, fever, muscle and joint aches, or weakness.
Marine Animal Injuries
The three types of marine animals that bite, rip or puncture are:
__sharks___ __barracudas___ __moray eels___
 To care for marine animal bites, rips and punctures:
1. Control any bleeding.
2. Care for shock.
3. Call 9-1-1.
The two types of marine animals that sting are:
__jellyfish__ __Portuguese man-of-war___
 To care for marine animal stings:
1. Carefully pick off any tentacles remaining on the skin. Use gloves if available.
2. Apply vinegar to jellyfish stings to neutralize nematocysts.
3. Immerse the affected part in hot water as soon as possible.
4. Seek medical care.
How do stingrays inflict wounds on victims? What do the wounds look like?
-Stingrays usually inflict injuries on the ankles or the feet of the victim when they get
stepped on. There is a laceration caused by the large tail barb with intense burning pain.
First Aid, CPR and AED
Chapter 16 p. 94-97
Name: _________________________
Date/Block: _____________________
Heat Emergencies
Condition
Heat Cramps
Heat Exhaustion
Heat Stroke
Definition
Painful muscle
spasms, often after
physical exertion.
Usually in the legs
and sometimes in
the abdomen.
Condition caused by
the loss of the
body’s water and
salt through
excessive sweating;
usually affects those
who do not drink
enough fluids while
exercising, and
those not
acclimated to hot,
humid conditions.
What to look for
Steps of care
1. Stop activity and
rest in cool area.
Cramped muscles
2. Stretch and
Pain
massage muscle.
3. Provide water or
sports drink.
Heavy sweating
1. Stop activity and
Severe Thirst
rest in cool area.
Weakness
2. Remove excess or
Headache
tight clothing.
Nausea/Vomiting
3. Provide water or
sports drink.
Seek medical care
4. Lay victim down.
for children and frail 5. Apply cool packs
adults.
to armpits and hip
crease.
DO/DO NOT place
6. Seek medical care
victim in an ice bath if no improvement
after 30 minutes.
Life-threatening
Extremely hot skin
1. Call 9-1-1.
condition where the Dry skin (maybe
2. Cool the victim
body becomes
sweaty)
immediately by
dangerously
Confusion
whatever means
overheated. Body’s Seizures
possible:
heat regulating
Unresponsiveness
-Cool, wet towels
function does not
-Fanning
work properly, and
- Cool/ice packs
body cannot
3. If unresponsive
SWEAT.
and not breathing,
begin CPR.
Cold Emergencies
Condition
Frostbite
Definition
Tissue damage
caused by extreme
cold, only happens
when temperatures
drop below freezing
(32oF)
Usually affects:
- Feet
- Hands
- Nose
- Ears
Dangerous condition
caused by severe
exposure to cold in
which the body
temperature drops
below 95oF.
What to look for
White, waxy-looking
skin
Skin feels cold and
numb (pain at first
followed by
numbness), and
blisters which may
appear after
rewarming.
Steps of care
1. Move the victim
to a warm place.
2. Remove wet/cold
clothing and jewelry
from the injured
part.
3. Seek medical care.
DO/DO NOT rub or
massage frostbitten
area.
Uncontrollable
1. Get the victim out
shivering
of the cold.
2. Prevent heat loss
Hypothermia
Confusion,
by:
sluggishness
-Remove wet clothing
- Cover victim’s head
Cold skin even under - Placing insulation
Can develop quickly clothing
under/ over the
in cold water or
victim.
slowly with
3. Have victim rest in
prolonged exposure
comfortable position
to cold
4. Give warm, sugary
temperatures
beverages if victim is
alert and able to
swallow.
5. Seek medical care
for severe cases.
Prepare appropriately for hot and cold weather by following these guidelines:
For a HOT environment
For a COLD environment
Wear lightweight, loose-fit clothes and a
Layer moisture-wicking clothing under
wide brimmed hat
waterproof and windproof outer layers.
Drink adequate amounts of water and
sports drinks.
Keep head and neck covered to minimize
heat loss.
Take breaks in cooler areas.
Drink warm drinks and eat properly.
First Aid, CPR and AED
Chapter 17 p. 98-103
Name: _________________________
Date/Block: _____________________
Water Rescue
To attempt a water rescue, use “_REACH__, _THROW__, _ROW_, __GO__.”
Ice Rescue
True/False: To rescue a victim who has fallen through ice, use a pole or throw a line with an
inflatable object attached to it and pull the person towards the shore or edge of ice once they
grab hold.
Electrical Emergency Rescue
Most indoor electrocutions are caused by faulty equipment or careless use.
Before touching a victim, turn off the electricity at the circuit breaker, fuse box or outside
switch box.
Hazardous Materials, Car Crashes, and Fires
Clues that indicate the presence of Hazardous Materials are:
1. Signs on vehicles (see warning sign slide)
2. Spilled liquids or solids
3. Strong, unusual odors
4. Clouds of vapor
When approaching a motor vehicle crash:
1. Stop and park your vehicle in a safe area. Call 9-1-1.
2. Turn on your emergency hazard flashers and raise the hood of your vehicle to draw
attention to the scene.
3. Make sure the scene is safe before approaching.
4. Ask the driver to turn off the ignition or do it yourself.
5. Place flares behind the crash scene to warn oncoming drivers. Beware of leaking gasoline or
diesel fuel.
6. If there is a suspected spinal injury, use your hands to stabilize the victim’s head and neck.
7. Check and care for life threatening injuries first and then handle lesser injuries.
To assist victims when a fire is present:
1. Get all people out of the area quickly.
2. Call 9-1-1.
3. If the fire is small and your own escape route is clear, fight the fire yourself with a fire
extinguisher.
4. To use a fire extinguisher, aim directly at the base of the flames and sweep across.
What is a confined space? List 5 examples of confined spaces. An area not intended for human
occupancy that may have or develop a dangerous atmosphere. Manholes, utility vaults,
storage tanks, silos, old mines and wells.
To assist a victim in a confined space:
1. Call 9-1-1.
2. Check motionless victims first. Do not enter without proper training and equipment.
3. Once the victim is removed, provide care.
Triage
Define triage: the sorting of patients into groups according to the severity of injuries and used
to determine priorities for treatment and transport.
When identifying victims who need immediate care, start by asking all victims who can walk to
get up and move to a specific area. Then, check all motionless victims for breathing and severe
bleeding. Enlist bystanders to assist in opening airways or applying direct pressure to wounds.
RAPIDLY move to the next victim. Do not spend more than 30 seconds at each victim. Once
you have tended to the most severely wounded, go back and reassess for less serious injuries.
Continue providing care until relieved by EMS.
Classify victims according to the following care and transportation priorities:
Immediate Care: Care right now! Breathing difficulties, severe bleeding, severe burns, signs of
shock, unresponsiveness.
Delayed Care: Care can be delayed up to one hour. Minor extremity burns, bone/joint injuries
without severe bleeding, back injuries.
Walking Wounded: Care can be delayed up to 3 hours. Minor fractures, minor wounds.
Dead: Obviously dead or unlikely to survive due to the type or extent of the injuries.
When should you attempt to move a victim?
--Fire --Explosives/hazardous materials --Scene hazards -- To get to another victim