Nōmen _________________________
Diēs ____________
Latin I, R _______
Reference Info.
~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~
TERM 2- MIDTERM
Study Guide
~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~
Skills & Knowledge for the Midterm
Discipulī need to be able to:
a) CONJUGATE & TRANSLATE any regular verb (1st, 2nd, 3rd, 3rd –io, 4th) in the PRESENT,
IMPERFECT, and FUTURE tenses.
b) RECOGNIZE, TRANSLATE & DECLINE any noun of the first or second declension in the
NOMINATIVE, GENITIVE, DATIVE, ACCUSATIVE, and ABLATIVE cases.
c) RECOGNIZE & ANNOTATE VERBS, SUBJECTS, DIRECT OBJECTS, PREPOSITIONAL
PHRASES, GENITIVE NOUNS, and DATIVE NOUNS.
d) TRANSLATE sentences from Latin to English.
e) READ & UNDERSTAND a previously unseen Latin passage
f) VOCABULARY (Total of 3 lists from Terms 1 & 2)
g) DEMONSTRATE UNDERSTANDING of the narrative logic of a Latin text by answering reading
comprehension questions.
Format of the Midterm
The Midterm is the SAME format as the IA, only shorter:
Section A: Translation (2-3 sentences)
Section B: Multiple Choice (10-20 questions)
Section C: Reading Comprehension (3-5 short answer questions)
GRAMMAR REVIEW
MORPHOLOGY/FORMS - Review your handouts and notes for the following:
For Nouns, you must know...
 how to identify the gender of a noun
 how to identify to which declension any noun belongs
 declension endings for 5 cases, singular and plural, in the 1st declension
 declension endings for 5 cases, singular and plural, in the 2nd declension masculine/feminine
 declension endings for 5 cases, singular and plural, in the 2nd declension neuter
For Verbs, you must know...
 how to find the present stem of a verb
 to which conjugation number any verb belongs
 the six personal endings for 1st, 2nd, and 3rd person in the singular and plural
 what an infinitive is
 what the present tense is and how it is formed
Nōmen _________________________
Diēs ____________ Latin I, R _______
 what the imperfect tense is and how it is formed
 what the future tense is and how it is formed
 the forms of the irregular verb sum, esse in the present, imperfect, and future tenses
 how to form and translate compounds of the verb sum, esse
TRANSLATION – review your handouts, notes, and practice sentences for the following:
 what a subject is (i.e. the do-er or be-er of the verb)
 the case for subjects  NOMINATIVE
 what a predicate nominative is  NOMINATIVE
 what a direct object is (i.e. the object or person acted upon)
 the case for direct objects  ACCUSATIVE
 the case for nouns showing possession or belonging  GENITIVE
 what an indirect object is (i.e. the person or thing to or for whom the action is done)
 with which verbs to expect an indirect object
 the case for indirect objects  DATIVE
 what an ablative of means is (i.e. by what means or with what the action is done)  ABLATIVE
 what a preposition is and what a prepositional phrase is
 the cases for objects of prepositions  ABLATIVE or ACCUSATIVE (depending on the preposition)
 what a complementary infinitive is and when to expect it
 How to identify and translate in order the SUBJECT, VERB, and DIRECT OBJECT of a sentence or
clause, followed by everything else.
 VOCABULARY, including the gender and genitive form of all nouns, the principal parts of all verbs,
and the case taken by every preposition.
REFERENCE INFORMATION: NOUNS
When a NOUN is 1st DECLENSION, the GENITIVE ends in –ae
When a NOUN is 2nd DECLENSION, the GENITIVE ends in – ī.
A noun is DECLINED by removing the GENITIVE SG. ending to find the NOUN STEM, and adding endings:
1st Declension
2nd Declension
2nd Declension - Neuter
SG.
PL.
SG.
PL.
SG.
PL.
NOMINATIVE
-a
-ae
-us / r
-ī
-um
-a
GENITIVE
-ae
-ārum
-ī
-ōrum
-ī
-ōrum
DATIVE
-ae
-īs
-ō
-īs
-ō
-īs
ACCUSATIVE
-am
-ās
-um
-ōs
-um
-a
-ā
-īs
-ō
-īs
-ō
-īs
ABLATIVE
Nōmen _________________________
1st Declension
Diēs ____________
Latin I, R _______
2nd Declension
2nd Declension - Neuter
fēmīna
fēmīnae
puer
puerī
bellum
bella
fēmīnae
fēmīnārum
puerī
puerōrum
bellī
bellōrum
fēmīnae
fēmīnīs
puerō
puerīs
bellō
bellīs
fēmīnam
fēmīnās
puerum
puerōs
bellum
bella
fēmīnā
fēmīnīs
puerō
puerīs
bellō
bellīs
Note the similarities in form: -ārum / -ōrum, -am / -um, -ās / -ōs, -īs / -īs / -īs
Use these similarities to help you memorize these absolutely crucial endings.
Note the overlaps in form: -ae can be singular dative, singular genitive, or plural nominative.
You will use context to help you decide which case is correct.
E.g. Is the verb plural and does it call for a plural nominative subject? Is there a verb of giving, showing, or
telling that would need an indirect object?
REFERENCE INFORMATION: VERBS
When a VERB is 1st conjugation, the 2nd Principal Part ends in –āre.
When a VERB is 2nd conjugation, the 2PP ends in –ēre and the 1PP in -eō.
When a VERB is 3rd conjugation, the 2PP ends in –ere.
When a VERB is 3rd –IO conjugation, the 2PP ends in –ere and the 1PP in –iō.
When a VERB is 4th conjugation, the 2PP ends in –īre.
Find the PRESENT STEM of a verb by removing the –re at the end of the 2PP, and LEAVING the stem vowel.
PERSONAL ENDINGS
st
1 person singular – “I” – ō or m
1st person plural – “we” – mus
2nd person singular – “you” – s
2nd person plural – “you all” – tis
3rd person singular – “she/he/it” - t
3rd person plural – “they” – nt
PRESENT TENSE:
The general formula for forming the present tense is: [PRESENT STEM] + [PERSONAL ENDING]
Exceptions to keep in mind:
Nōmen _________________________
Diēs ____________
Latin I, R _______
IMPERFECT TENSE:
The general formula for forming the imperfect tense is: [PRESENT STEM] + [-bā- infix] + [PE]
Exceptions to keep in mind:
FUTURE TENSE:
The general formula for forming the future tense is:
In the 1st and 2nd conjugations [PRESENT STEM] + [-bi- infix] + [PE]
In the 3rd, 3rd-io, and 4th conjugations [PRESENT STEM] + [-ē- infix] + [PE]
Exceptions to keep in mind:
mutō, mutāre – 1st conjugation
PRESENT TENSE
IMPERFECT TENSE
FUTURE TENSE
mutō
mutāmus
mutābam
mutābāmus
mutābō
mutābimus
mutās
mutātis
mutābās
mutābātis
mutābis
mutābitis
mutat
mutant
“we change”
mutābunt
“we will
change”
“you change”
“you all change”
“you were
changing”
mutābant
“we were
changing”
“you all were
changing”
mutābit
“I change”
mutābat
“I was
changing”
“you will
change”
“you all will
change”
“h/s/i changes”
“they change”
“h/s/i was
changing”
“they were
changing”
“h/s/i will
change”
“they will
change”
“I will change”
timeō, timēre – 2nd conjugation
PRESENT TENSE
IMPERFECT TENSE
FUTURE TENSE
habeō
habēmus
habēbam
habēbāmus
habēbō
habēbimus
habēs
habētis
habēbās
habēbātis
habēbis
habēbitis
habet
habent
habēbat
habēbant
habēbit
habēbunt
Nōmen _________________________
Diēs ____________
Latin I, R _______
ponō, ponere – 3rd conjugation
PRESENT TENSE
IMPERFECT TENSE
FUTURE TENSE
ponō
ponimus
ponēbam
ponēbāmus
ponām
ponēmus
ponis
ponitis
ponēbās
ponēbātis
ponēs
ponētis
ponit
ponunt
ponēbat
ponēbant
ponet
ponent
accipiō, accipere – 3rd conjugation -io
PRESENT TENSE
IMPERFECT TENSE
FUTURE TENSE
accipiō
accipimus
accipiēbam
accipiēbāmus
accipiam
accipiēmus
accipis
accipitis
accipiēbās
accipiēbātis
accipiēs
accipiētis
accipit
accipitis
accipiēbat
accipiēbant
accipiet
accipient
audiō, audīre – 4th conjugation
PRESENT TENSE
IMPERFECT TENSE
FUTURE TENSE
audiō
audīmus
audiēbam
audiēbāmus
audiam
audiēmus
audīs
audītis
audiēbās
audiēbātis
audiēs
audiētis
audit
audiunt
audiēbat
audiēbant
audiet
audient
The IRREGULAR VERB sum, esse: “to be”
sum
PRESENT TENSE
sumus
IMPERFECT TENSE
eram
erāmus
erō
FUTURE TENSE
erimus
es
estis
erās
erātis
eris
eritis
est
sunt
erat
erant
erit
erunt
To form important compounds of sum, esse, simply add the correct prefix to the forms above.
possum, posse – “be able” – is created by adding pot- to the forms of sum:
PRESENT TENSE
possum
possumus
IMPERFECT TENSE
poteram
poterāmus
FUTURE TENSE
poterō
poterimus
potes
potestis
poterās
poterātis
poteris
poteritis
potest
possunt
poterat
poterant
poterit
poterunt