1
Table S1. Parentage assignments in the free–living LuiKotale Bompusa bonobo group and the Taï Middle and South Western chimpanzee
2
groups.
ID
Bonobo3
Sex
Mother
Sire
Mother –
offspring
mismatches
infant
infant
infant
infant
Infant
infant
juvenile
juvenile
juvenile
adolescent
adolescent
adolescent
adolescent
adult
adult
adult
adult
adult
EVA
HANNAH
IRIS
OLGA
PAULA
RIO
MARTHA
OLGA
RIO
HANNAH
EVA
n.a.
PAULA
ZOE
MARTHA
n.a.
n.a.
MARTHA
Camillo
Tito
Tito
Jack
n.a.
Tito
n.a.
n.a.
n.a.
n.a.
n.a.
n.a.
n.a.
n.a.
n.a.
n.a.
n.a.
n.a.
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
n.a.
0
0
0
n.a.
n.a.
0
infant
infant
infant
infant – juvenile
juvenile – adolescent
JESSICA
JESSICA
KADY
NADESH
KADY
Urs
Bob
Léo
Urs
n.a.
0
0
0
0
0
Age class during study
period
Egon
M
Hugo
M
IDA
F
4
OLIVIA
F
PEGGY
F
RITA
F
Moe
M
OPHELIA
F
Roque
M
Apollo*
M
Emil*
M
Max*
M
Pan*
M
Ben*
M
Camillo*
M
Dante*
M
Jack*
M
Tito*
M
Chimpanzee – Taï Middle
JANINE
Jonathan
KASSIOPEÉ
Noah
KOULO
F
M
F
M
F
1
Mismatches
to next best
female1
Parent – pair –
offspring
mismatches
Mismatches
to next best
male2
5
4
5
5
3
3
3
4
4
0
0
0
1
n.a.
0
n.a.
n.a.
n.a.
n.a.
n.a.
n.a.
n.a.
n.a.
n.a.
n.a.
n.a.
n.a.
3
3
2
8
3
5
5
5
6
3
5
2
6
6
7
7
2
5
3
0
0
0
0
n.a.
3
5
4
4
4
Bob
M
Léo
M
UrsN
M
Chimpanzee – Taï South
AKROUBA
ALINA
Caramel
Huxel
JAVA
Kirikou
Lukas
Lula
OPHELIA5
Ravel6
Téré7
Voltaire
WALA
Wamba
YAOUNDE
ZITA
ZOE
CÉLINE
Kuba
ATHÉNA
ENDORA
Ibrahim
Inousha
Jacobo
Mustapha
Oreste
RÉBECCA
Romario
SETTUT
F
F
M
M
F
M
M
M
F
M
M
M
F
M
F
F
F
F
M
F
F
M
M
M
M
M
F
M
F
adult
adult
adult
n.a.
NADESH
n.a.
n.a.
n.a.
n.a.
n.a.
0
n.a.
infant
infant
infant
infant
infant
infant
infant
infant
infant
infant
infant
infant
infant
infant
infant
infant
infant
infant – adolescent
infant – adolescent
infant – juvenile
infant – juvenile
infant – juvenile
infant – juvenile
infant – juvenile
infant – juvenile
infant – juvenile
infant – juvenile
infant – juvenile
infant – juvenile
ATRA
ATRA
COCO
HARAKA
JULIA
KINSHASA
LOUISE
LOUISE
OLIVIA
RUBRA
TITA
VIRUNGA
WAPI
WAPI
YUCCA
ZORA
ZORA
COCO
KABISHA
ATRA
EVA
ISHA
ISHA
JULIA
MARGOT
OLIVIA
RUBRA
RUBRA
SUMATRA
Sagu
n.a.
Sagu
Zyon
Sagu
Woodstock
Kaos
Sagu
Zyon
Zyon
Zyon
Sagu
Besar
Kaos
Zyon
Zyon
Kaos
Kaos
Zyon
Zyon
Mkubwa
Zyon
n.a.
n.a.
n.a.
n.a.
n.a.
Kaos
Kaos
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
1
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
2
3
2
3
n.a.
n.a.
n.a.
2
5
3
0
n.a.
0
0
0
0
0
0
2
0
1
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
n.a.
n.a.
n.a.
n.a.
n.a.
0
0
2
2
3
3
2
6
3
2
5
2
3
5
3
4
4
3
5
3
4
3
5
3
5
5
4
3
2
3
4
Shogun8
Yao
Max
Olduvai
Linus
Utan
Woodstock
Gogol
Taboo
Yoghiti
Besar
Sagu
Kaos
Zyon
M
M
M
M
M
M
M
M
M
M
M
M
M
M
infant – juvenile
infant – juvenile
juvenile
juvenile
juvenile – adolescent
juvenile – adolescent
juvenile – adolescent
juvenile– adult
juvenile– adult
adolescent
adolescent – adult
adolescent – adult
adult
adult
SUMATRA
YUCCA
MANDY
OLIVIA
LOUISE
n.a.
WAPI
GARUDA
TITA
YUCCA
n.a.
SUMATRA
n.a.
n.a.
Zyon
Zyon
Kaos
n.a.
n.a.
n.a.
n.a.
n.a.
n.a.
n.a.
n.a.
n.a.
n.a.
n.a.
1
0
0
0
0
n.a.
0
0
0
0
n.a.
0
n.a.
n.a.
2
3
4
7
5
5
2
4
6
5
1
0
0
n.a.
n.a.
n.a.
n.a.
n.a.
n.a.
n.a.
n.a.
n.a.
n.a.
n.a.
6
4
5
4
5
3
5
2
4
4
2
4
2
4
3
4
Parentage was determined from genotypes comprised of 19 autosomal loci. As our chimpanzee study spans several years, the age class of an
5
individual might have changed over time. Maternal relationships known from behavior were confirmed in all infants and juveniles. All but one
6
assignment met the 99% confidence criterion (see footnote). Females are written in capitals. n.a., not assigned.
7
1
8
mother; 3 One adolescent female and two juveniles were not genotyped; 4 One mismatch (1 base pair indel common in that population) to assigned
9
sire; 5 One mismatch to mother at heterozygous locus (both alleles differ, one allele with one repeat unit difference to maternal allele), in triadic
Reported only for male offspring being adolescent or adult in study period; 2 Reported for parent – pair comparisons with confirmed or assigned
10
comparison with potential sires one mismatch to the assigned sire at heterozygous locus (one repeat unit difference to one paternal allele); 6
11
Paternity assigned at 95% confidence level; 7 In triadic comparison one mismatch to the assigned sire at heterozygous locus (one repeat unit
12
difference); 8 One mismatch to mother at heterozygous locus (both alleles differ, one allele with one repeat unit difference to maternal allele).
3