Directions: Use the diagram below to answer question.
1. Where in the periodic table are almost all nonmetals located?
A. In rows 3 and 4
B. In Groups 1 through 4
C. To the left of the zigzag line
D. To the right of the zigzag line
2. What information in the periodic table indicates the number of protons in an atom?
A. The element’s atomic mass
B. The element’s atomic number
C. The element’s chemical symbol
D. The element's position in its column
3. Which of the following types of particles found in an atom has no charge?
A. Electron
B. Nucleus
C. Neutron
D. Proton
4 What is a group on the periodic table?
A.A horizontal row of elements that have similar properties
B.A vertical column of elements that have similar properties
C.A horizontal row of elements that change from metals to nonmetals
D.A vertical column of elements that change from metals to nonmetals
5 How do the elements in one period of the periodic table compare?
A. Their atoms have the same number of protons.
B. Their atoms have the same number of electrons.
C. They decrease in atomic mass from left to right.
D. They increase in atomic number from left to right.
6 Which atomic model did Rutherford propose based on the results of his experiments with gold foil?
A. An indivisible ball of matter
B. Negatively charged electrons set in a positive sphere
C. Mostly empty space but having a dense, positive center
D. Electrons in specific orbits around a dense, positive center
7. Which particles of an atom have the greatest mass?
A. Proton and electron
B. Proton and neutron
C. Neutron and electron
D. A proton, a neutron, and an electron have the same mass.
8 Directions: Use the diagram below to answer question.
The diagram above shows the entry for one of the elements in the periodic table. Based on the diagram, what
do you know about the particles that an argon atom has?
A. It has 18 protons.
B. It has 18 neutrons.
C. It has 40 protons.
D. It has 40 electrons.
9 Which element in period 5 of the periodic table is a nonmetal?
A. Ag
B. I
C. Rb
D. Sr
10 The periodic table entry for argon is shown below.
Argon is a colorless and odorless gas present to a very small extent in the atmosphere. Each of its atoms
contains 18 protons and 22 neutrons. How many electrons are found in a neutral atom of argon?
A.4
B.18
C.22
D.40
11 The image below shows five columns of the periodic table.
What similarities do elements from the same column of the periodic table have?
A. The elements are the same size.
B. The elements have the same atomic mass.
C. The elements have the same number of protons.
D. The elements have similar chemical properties.
12 In 1911 Ernest Rutherford and his team conducted an experiment. They shot a stream of positively
charged particles at a thin sheet of gold foil. The diagram below shows what happened.
Which observation from that experiment supports the idea that protons are concentrated in one tiny
area of an atom?
A. The positively charged particles traveled in a straight-line beam before they struck the gold foil.
B. A few of the positively charged particles were deflected significantly when passing through the gold foil.
C. Most of the positively charged particles passed through the gold foil with very little deflection.
D. Some of the positively charged particles traveled through the gold foil with no deflection at all.
13 A student is constructing a model to represent the protons, neutrons, and electrons in an atom. If the
protons in the atom are represented by watermelons with a mass of 1 kg each, which of the following
would be an appropriate representation of a neutron?
A.A 0.5-gram peanut
B.A 150-gram apple
C.A 1-kg cantaloupe
D.A 4-kg bowling ball
14. Silver reacts with sulfur to form silver sulfide. What mass of silver reacts with 16 grams of sulfur to
form 124 grams of silver sulfide?
A.16 g
B.108 g
C.140 g
D.216 g
15 Directions: Use the table below to answer question.
Which group of the periodic table contains the most reactive metals?
A. Group 1
B. Group 12
C. Group 17
D. Group 18
16. The diagram is a model of an oxygen atom. What do the dots represent in the model?
A. The number of protons
B. The number of neutrons
C. The number of valence electrons
D. None of the other answer choices
17 Each atom of an element has 7 valence electrons. What properties would you expect this element to
have?
A. It is a nonreactive metal.
B. It is a very reactive metal.
C. It is a nonreactive nonmetal.
D. It is a very reactive nonmetal.
18 Each carbon atom has 4 valence electrons. Each oxygen atom has 6 valence electrons. How do atoms
of carbon and oxygen bond together to form a molecule?
A. An ionic bond forms when electrons are shared between the atoms.
B. A covalent bond forms when electrons are shared between the atoms.
C. An ionic bond forms when electrons transfer from carbon to oxygen.
D. A covalent bond forms when electrons transfer from carbon to oxygen.
19 What is the only definite evidence that a chemical reaction has happened?
A. A color change
B. A change of state
C. The formation of a gas
D. The production of a new substance
20 Which statement about the chemical reaction shown is true?
A. The reaction involves one reactant and two products.
B. H2O in the equation is a chemical symbol.
C. Water forms from the reaction between hydrogen and oxygen.
D. The chemical equation for the reaction is balanced and shows mass conservation.
21 A student uses this equation to calculate the masses of the reactants and products in a reaction
between nitrogen and hydrogen in a closed-system.
Mass of 1 mol H = 1g
Mass of 1 mol N = 14 g
He calculates that the mass of the reactants is 34 grams, while the mass of the product is 17 grams. The table
below shows his work.
What could explain why the masses are different?
A. Some mass is lost in all chemical reactions.
B. The reaction has two reactants but only one product.
C. The equation describing the reaction is unbalanced.
D. Energy was released when the bonds in the reactants were broken.
22 The diagram shows the electron dot structures of four different elements.
Which of these elements is the most stable?
A Hydrogen
B. Carbon
C. Oxygen
D. Neon
23The diagram shows how bonds form between an oxygen atom and hydrogen atoms to produce water.
The hydrogen atoms and oxygen atom in the diagram bond and form a water molecule because—
A.
the electrons from each atom attract one another
B. the bond allows oxygen to take electrons from hydrogen
C. the bond results in each atom having a stable electron structure
D. the total number of electrons around each atom must add to eight
24. A student is designing an experiment to determine if mixing baking soda and vinegar will result in a
new substance. Which procedure could provide evidence that baking soda and vinegar form a new
substance when mixed together in a flask?
A. Put a balloon over the flask's opening and observe if it fills with gas and expands.
B. Use a hand lens to observe the formation of new chemical bonds.
C. Heat the solution and observe if the solution comes to a boil.
D. Stir the solution and observe if the particles dissolve.
25. Look at the chemical formula for calcium acetate:
Ca(C2H3O2)2
Calcium acetate contains—
A.1 atom of calcium, 2 atoms carbon, 3 atoms of hydrogen, and 4 atoms of oxygen
B.1 atom of calcium, 4 atoms of carbon, 6 atoms of hydrogen, and 4 atoms of oxygen
C.2 atoms of calcium, 4 atoms of carbon, 5 atoms of hydrogen, and 4 atoms of oxygen
D.2 atoms of calcium, 4 atoms of carbon, 6 atoms of hydrogen, and 4 atoms of oxygen
26.Which chemical equation demonstrates conservation of mass?
A. C6H12O6 + 6O2 → CO2 + 6H2O
B. C6H12O6 + O2 → 6CO2 + 6H2O
C. C6H12O6 + 6O2 → 6CO2 + 6H2O
D. C6H12O6 + 6O2 → 6CO2 + H2O
27Elijah performed an experiment to explore the differences between chemical and physical changes. In
which trial did Elijah observe the formation of new substances with different properties?
A. Melting an ice cube on a hot plate
B. Breaking a soda cracker in half
C. Dissolving sugar in a cup of water
D. Watching a sliced apple turn brown
28Aluminum (Al) reacts with silver sulfide (Ag2S) according to the reaction shown below.
When this equation is properly balanced, what is the sum of the numbers that belong in the blanks above? _____