Social Studies 8
Mr. Simone
Name _____________________
June 2015
Final Examination: Multiple-Choice Review Sheet
Test: Tuesday, June 9
RECONSTRUCTION
1865-1877
13th amendment
14th amendment
15th amendment
Black Codes
The time period following the Civil War when the southern states needed to be
readmitted to the Union, and African-Americans were now freed.
Abolished slavery
Granted citizenship to African Americans (and a lot more that you will learn if
you attend law school)
Right to vote for African American males
Southern state laws that restricted the rights of African Americans
NEW SOUTH
1877-1914
Jim Crow laws
Poll taxes
Literacy tests
Grandfather
clauses
Term used to describe the changes in the South following Reconstruction
GILDED AGE
1877-1900
Mark Twain referred to this time period as the Gilded Age. He was referring to
the increasing gap between the rich and the poor. The government often
followed a laissez-faire policy toward big business.
The economic principle when government does NOT get involved in regulating
business.
People arrived from Europe during this time period. On the east coast, they
were processed at Ellis Island and on the west coast at Angel Island.
Immigrants usually came to the United States for better economic opportunities.
However, they often faced discrimination and hostility from Americans.
The process by which immigrants become part of the American culture. This is
also referred to as the “melting pot” theory. The “salad bowl” theory refers to
when immigrants maintain aspects of their own culture and customs.
During the late 1800s, men like John Rockefeller and Andrew Carnegie built
very powerful corporations.
When a business has near total control of an industry by driving out all
competition.
In order to respond to the poor working conditions during industrialization,
labor unions were formed.
Laissez-faire
Immigration
Assimilation
Rise of big
business
Monopoly
Labor unions
Segregated (separation by race) blacks and whites in public facilities
Required payment to vote
Required voters prove they were literate
Exempted white people from the poll tax and literacy test
PROGRESSIVE ERA The time period following the Gilded Age and the Age of Industrialization is
1900-1920
called the Progressive Era. This was a time when people supported more
government involvement to solve the problems in society.
Muckrakers
Authors and journalists who wrote books and articles to expose the problems in
society. Upton Sinclair (The Jungle) and Jacob Riis (How The Other Half Lives)
are two examples.
Goal of the
Progressives were trying to improve working conditions and end unfair
Progressive Era
business practices. Theodore Roosevelt’s Square Deal was his domestic agenda
that was extremely progressive.
Suffrage
Progressive Era
Presidents
Progressive
legislation
This is the right to vote. Women won suffrage rights with the 19th amendment.
Theodore Roosevelt, William H. Taft and Woodrow Wilson
IMPERIALISM
1867-1914
Reasons for U.S.
imperialism
Imperialism is when a stronger country takes over a weaker area of land.
Causes of the
Spanish-American
War
Results of the
Spanish-American
War
Big Stick Policy
WORLD WAR I
1914-1919
What was the
policy of the U.S. at
the beginning of
the war?
Why did the U.S.
get involved in
WWI?
Pure Food and Drug Act
Meat Inspection Act
1.
2.
3.
4.
1.
2.
3.
4.
5.
Desire for new markets to sell goods
Raw materials
Uplift people overseas
Gain power as a nation
Humanitarianism – to help Cuba against Spain
Economic interests - $50 million invested in Cuba
Yellow journalism – newspapers were exaggerating the stories
DeLome letter – Spain called President McKinley weak
Sinking of the Maine – U.S. battleship sunk in Havana Harbor killing 262
Americans; “Remember the Maine” became our slogan (but Spain did
NOT do it)
The U.S. became an international power.
Treaty of Paris – received Puerto Rico, Guam and the Philippines
Received a military base in Cuba at Guantanamo Bay
Theodore Roosevelt’s foreign policy following the Spanish-American War. He
wanted the U.S. to become an international police force. It was an extension of
the Monroe Doctrine (1823).
The war started after Gavrilo Princip, a Serbian nationalism, assassinated
Archduke Franz Ferdinand, heir to the Austro-Hungarian throne. The alliance
system led to the conflict become worldwide.
Neutrality
Sinking of the Lusitania – British cruise ship, with Americans on board, was
attacked by Germany
Zimmerman Telegram – Germany sent a message to Mexico, trying to get them
involved in the war (potentially against the U.S.)
Treaty of Versailles Punished Germany severely and established the League of Nations
Fourteen Points
Woodrow Wilson’s plan for world peace
Why did the U.S.
The Senate rejected the treaty because it did not want to get involved in future
NOT join the
European conflicts.
League of Nations?
ROARING
TWENTIES
1920-1929
Assembly line
Flappers
WERE THEY REALLY ROARING?
There were various social changes during the decade.
Used by Henry Ford to mass-produce automobiles, the Model T. Mass
production helps to lower the cost of goods.
Women who challenged traditional society by dressing and behaving differently
during the decade.
Immigration
Quotas of the
1920s
Economic
conditions of the
1920s
Red Scare
The Immigration Acts of 1921 and 1924 were attempts to restrict the number of
immigrants coming to the U.S. by using quotas.
1. more consumer goods
2. use of credit
Fear of communists.
GREAT
DEPRESSION/NEW
DEAL
1929-1941
When did the Great
Depression begin?
What is the definition
of a depression?
The Great Depression was the worst economic time in American history.
FDR’s plan to solve the Great Depression was called the New Deal.
Why did people
blame Hoover for the
Great Depression?
He was president when the crash occurred. Some people blamed him for not
doing enough to solve the economic problems. The term Hooverville
referred to poor living conditions of people who lost their homes. Hoover
flags and Hoover blankets were terms also used, demonstrating how many
Americans blamed Hoover for their problems.
New Deal
The name of FDR’s programs to help put people back to work. He increased
the role of government and did NOT follow a laissez-faire philosophy.
WORLD WAR II
1939-1945
What happened on
Dec. 7, 1941?
How did U.S.
involvement in
WWII impact the
economy?
How did women
contribute to the
war effort during
WWII?
How did the
government treat
Japanese
Americans during
WWII?
How did African
Americans
contribute to the
On October 29, 1929, the Stock Market crashed.
High unemployment and low demand for products
The war began after Germany invaded Poland on Sept. 1, 1939
Japan attacked Pearl Harbor.
It helped get the nation out of the Great Depression.
Rosie the Riveter – women worked in the factories while men were fighting in
Europe
FDR’s Executive Order forced them into internment camps. The Supreme Court
(Korematsu vs. United States) ruled that these camps were constitutional since
the government needed to be concerned about national security. During the
1980s, the government apologized for this decision and paid survivors
reparations.
This is similar to how the government forced Native Americans to live on
reservations.
The Tuskegee Airmen were African American fighter pilots.
war effort?
What happened on
Aug. 6, 1945?
United Nations
COLD WAR
1945-1991
Containment
Marshall Plan
Domino Theory
NATO vs. Warsaw
Pact
McCarthyism
Berlin Wall
Bay of Pigs
Invasion
Cuban Missile
Crisis
CIVIL RIGHTS
MOVEMENT
President Harry Truman decided to drop an atomic bomb on Hiroshima, Japan.
Three days later he ordered the atomic bomb on Nagasaki. He made this
decision in order to bring an immediate end to the war.
This world organization was also created to maintain world peace. But this
time, the United States joined. The temporary headquarters were in Lake
Success until construction in Manhattan was completed.
The Cold War was an ideological struggle between the United States (capitalist
and democratic) and the Soviet Union (communist and totalitarian). The Cold
War began after World War II.
The U.S. foreign policy during the Cold War to stop the spread of communism.
The U.S. provided European nations with $12 billion in order to help them
recover after World War II, and to prevent the spread of communism.
The U.S. belief that if one country fell to communism, others would follow. The
U.S. fought the Korean War and the Vietnam War (in Southeast Asia) in order to
stop the spread of communism.
The North Atlantic Treaty Organization was an alliance of countries loyal to the
United States during the Cold War. The Warsaw Pact was an alliance of nations
loyal to the Soviet Union. The purpose of NATO was to stop communist
expansion.
Senator Joseph McCarthy claimed to have a list of 205 Americans working in the
government who were communist. He NEVER provided any names.
The wall was built in 1961 dividing communist East Berlin from the free West
Berlin in Germany.
The failed U.S. attempt to overthrow Fidel Castro in Cuba.
The U.S. prevented the Soviet Union from maintaining nuclear missiles in Cuba.
The 1947 decision by the Brooklyn Dodgers to sign Jackie Robinson as the first
African American to play in Major League Baseball is the symbolic beginning of
the civil rights movement.
To gain rights for African Americans
What was the goal
of the civil rights
movement?
Martin Luther King As a leader, he used civil disobedience (peaceful protest) to make progress. His
Jr.
“I Have A Dream” speech is one of the most famous of the civil rights movement.