Supporting information 1 2 3 Overriding plate deformation and variability of forearc 4 deformation during subduction: Insight from geodynamic 5 models and application to the Calabria subduction zone 6 7 8 Zhihao Chen*, Wouter P. Schellart and João C. Duarte 9 School of Earth, Atmosphere and Environment, Monash University, Melbourne, VIC 10 3800, Australia 11 12 *Corresponding author: Z. Chen, School of Earth, Atmosphere and Environment, 13 Monash University, Melbourne, VIC 3800, Australia. (zhihao.chen@monash.edu) 14 15 16 Geochemistry, Geophysics, Geosystems 17 18 19 This PDF file includes movie captions: 20 Movie S1 21 Movie S2 22 Movie S3 23 Movie S4 1 24 Movie S1. Movie of Free model showing the subduction evolution of experiment 23 25 (Free model) from top-view and side-view perspectives. The subducting plate and 26 overriding plate are both free. Note that the only driving force of subduction is the 27 negative buoyancy of the sinking slab. Further note that white passive markers placed 28 on the top-surface of the overriding plate are used to track the deformation of the 29 overriding plate. 30 31 Movie S2. Movie of SP-Fixed model showing the subduction evolution of 32 experiment 24 (SP-Fixed) from top-view and side-view perspectives. The subducting 33 plate is fixed to the sidewall of the tank while overriding plate is free. Note that the 34 only driving force of subduction is the negative buoyancy of the sinking slab. Further 35 note that white passive markers placed on the top-surface of the overriding plate are 36 used to track the deformation of the overriding plate. 37 38 Movie S3. Movie of OP-Fixed model showing the subduction evolution of 39 experiment 25 (OP-Fixed) from top-view and side-view perspectives. The overriding 40 plate is fixed to the sidewall of the tank while subducting plate is free. Note that the 41 only driving force of subduction is the negative buoyancy of the sinking slab. Further 42 note that white passive markers placed on the top-surface of the overriding plate are 43 used to track the deformation of the overriding plate. 44 45 Movie S4. Movie of SP-OP-Fixed model showing the subduction evolution of 46 experiment 27 (SP-OP-Fixed) from top-view and side-view perspectives. The 47 subducting and overriding plates are both fixed to the corresponding sidewalls of the 48 tank. Note that the only driving force of subduction is the negative buoyancy of the 49 sinking slab. Further note that white passive markers placed on the top-surface of the 50 overriding plate are used to track the deformation of the overriding plate. 51 2