1 TOUR PROGRAM FOR THE TOUR GUIDE COURSE Having been updated, this program is compulsory for all courses as of the 1/1/2013 Written by: Tour Guide Course Coordinators: Noam Porat, Ariel Fogelman, Benny Frankel, Shmulik Shefferman, Bat-Zion Ziv, Avi Lazar, Nili Perri, Haim Karel, Nir Keynan, Ziv Hasid, Asaf Holtser, Shahar Shilo, Ahron Horovitz, Avi Ben-Hur and Yuval Zalinkovsky; Dr. Eyal Meiron (expert Jerusalem tour guide), Avner Goren (expert desert archaeology tour guide), Ruthi Perevolotski (Ministry of Tourism). Update: October 2012, Yael Goodman, Ariel Fogelman, Ruthi Perevolotski, Yaron Ovadia. General Guidelines for Course Coordinator All sites specified in this document must be included in the tours program. If any site is missed during a tour, the coordinator shall supplement tour days, as required. The program lists sites by geographical areas and includes subjects and sites that need to be covered in each region. The course coordinator shall guide no more than eight tour days. This clause applies to all the other guides. All Guides must be certified tour guides with a valid license, who have proven their expertise in guiding the subject/region of the tour. Guides shall present their license in a visible place, in accordance with the appropriate instructions. Course participants will experience guiding in some of the tours (not more than two instances per tour, each for the duration of up to ten minutes). Tours related to the study of a geographical area shall include: Geology, geomorphology, flora and fauna, human settlement throughout history, sacred places and the new era. Jerusalem tours – general notes: The subject of Jerusalem will be included by lecturers as part of all relevant subjects: Archaeology and history of all periods, religions, current affairs, and any other relevant topic. This directive and its implementation shall be the responsibility of the course coordinator. Jerusalem tours shall be conducted following the relevant chapters in history and archaeology, from the second trimester of the course. 2 Guidance in all sites shall be conducted by the tour guide, even if local guidance is provided. 3 Region Tour no. 1 The Golan Heights and Mount Hermon 2 4 days 3 4 5 Galilee Panhandle and Jordan Source 4 days 6 7 Sites View of the Sa’ar waterfall, Mount Hermon (view, battles, lower and upper cableways), Nimrod Fortress, a Druze village in the Golan, Birkat Ram, Neve Ativ. Odem Forest + Juba, Mount Bental, view of the Valley of Tears, Golan Water Reservoir, Paleo-magnetism, Tel Faher. Gamla (ancient Gamla and the nature reserve), Ayit waterfall and the waterfalls route, Qatzrin – the city and its tourist center, Qatzrin Talmudic Park, Aniam, the Officer’s Pool. Susita, Rujum el-Hiri (Circle of Ghosts), Umm el-Qanatir, Peace Observation Point, decent to the Yarmuch and view of Hamat, Hamat Gader. The Banias Reserve: Hellenistic temples, Pan’s Cave, excavations, walking trails to the lower waterfall and the hanging bridge; The Dan Reserve: Tel Dan and the reserve; Beit Usishkin; Helicopter Disaster Memorial. Hatanur waterfall, Metula – walking tour and Dado observation point, Tel Hai: The courtyard, the cemetery and the statue of the roaring lion, Kfar Giladi – Hashomer Museum and arms hideout, Hula lake; The Museum of Prehistoric Man in Ma’ayan Baruch. Tel Hatzor, Rosh Pina, Guiding Topics (partial list of the main topics to be covered by the tour) Golan rivers and Tels Eagles in the Golan Borders Battle heritage Minorities Druze sacred places Ancient synagogues Geopolitics of the Golan Heights “Shouting Hill” Hot springs Meshushim Pool Tourist enterprises and the Golan Tourist Association Bird migration Delimitation of the border in modern times The fight over water Ghajar The northern border and the "Good Fence” "Shlom haGalil" war The 2nd Lebanon war The tour to the Hula lake and the Hula Reserve is recommended in the early morning or in the afternoon 4 8 9 Sea of Galilee and the Kinneret Valley 4 days Ramim Ridge – Manara Cliff, Nebi Yusha, Tel Kedesh, Yiftach Crevices, Hunin Fortress, Misgav Am or Malkia, viewing southern Lebanon. The Hula Reserve (recommended during times of bird migrations – around two hours), Yesud HaMa’ala, the Dobrovin Estate, Mishmar Hayarden Memorial, Ateret Fort, the Bnot Ya’acov Bridge and Mitzpe Gadot. Nebi Shuayb, Arbel: View and synagogue. Tiberias: graves of the sages – Rabbi Meir Ba’al Ha'nes and Maimonides, the ancient cemetery in Tiberias, Hamat Tibeiras, the Roman– Byzantine city – excavation site opposite Guy Beach, the city in the days of Daher elOmar, Tiberias as a tourist town. Korazim, Hurvat Minim, Tel Kinarot, the Sapir site, the Chara bird observatory, Ein Noon, Migdal, the Yigal Alon Museum and the ancient boat. 10 11 12 Domus Galilaeae, Mount of Beatitudes, Tabha, Kfar Nakhum, the Greek Orthodox Church, Kursi, “Yardenit”. Naharayim, the old Gesher, Moshav Kinneret, the Horns of Hittin battle Dona Gracia and the museum Pilgrims boat ride on the Sea of Galilee Tiberias night display The creation of the Sea of Galilee Settlements around the Sea of Galilee throughout the ages The water regime of the Sea of Galilee and its surroundings The Gospel Trail and the Israel Trail Hurvat Hamam The mass conducted by the Pope north of the Sea of Galilee Ein Gev as a tourist center 5 Kinneret courtyard, the Kinneret cemetery, Beit Hamash'evot, Dgania, Um Juni. 13 Eastern Upper Galilee and Merom HaGalil 2 days 14 Safed: The fortress and fortress garden, the Jewish Quarter and synagogues, the Artists’ Quarter, the Davidka, the Jewish cemetery, the Biriya Fort. The Baram Synagogue and Biram, Rehania (if not visiting Kfar Kama), Pa’ar Cave, Mount Meron mountain top trail (Shvil haPisga), Meron: the tomb of Rabbi Shimon Bar Yochai, the Ancient Synagogue, Nebi Sabalan. 15 Western Upper Galilee 2 days 16 Acre 1 day 17 El-Bahaji Bahai garden, the "Yod Daled" Memorial, Yehiam convoy site, Ghetto fighters’ Museum: Archive and Child Memorial, Rosh Hanikra + promenade, Hanita, including the museum, if not visiting another “Tower and Stockade” museum, Keshet Cave. Goren Park, visit to the Monfort Castle and a hike in Chziv stream, the Tefen Open Museum, Pki’in (to complete the Galilee region) The Jewish cemetery in Kfar Yasif, Underground prisoners’ Museum (short introductory tour), Halls of the Knights, walls and moat, quarters, the Hamam, elJazzar Mosque, the Crusader City and khans, the Templar tunnel, the harbour, the Tunisian synagogue. Borders (natural/ political), the northern border The northern road Roads throughout history Minorities Graves of the sages, Mysticism and Kabala The War of Independence Galleries and museums Eco-tourism and country tourism Ikrit and Biram Acre aqueduct Crusader sites and fortresses in the Galilee Borders of Jewish settlement throughout history Tower and Stockade Battle heritage Accessible routes for disabled persons Guest houses and rooms World heritage site Treasures at the Wall Museum Co-existence in the city Culture – unique festivals and events in Acre The RAMHAL 6 synagogue 18 19 Hararit + Netofa Retreat, Tel Yodfat, Bethlehem of Galilee, Aloni Aba (Waldheim) , Shfaram. Old Poriya, Bitanya, Kfar Kama (if not visiting Rehania), Kfar Tavor (Mes'ha) + museum, if not visiting another museum of the first Aliya. 20 Lower Galilee Valleys Beit Shean Gilboa 7 days 21 Nazareth: Nazareth Tourist Office, Churches: Annunciation, St. Joseph, Synagogue, Orthodox Church of the Annunciation and Mount of Precipice, Kfar Kana, Mount Tavor and the churches on Mount Tavor. Settlement in the valley: Kfar Yehoshua and the Valley Train station, Nahalal cemetery (Tel Shimron), Merhavia, Gan Hashlosha, Nir David (Tel Amal), Harod Spring and Beit Hankin, a driving tour in Afula. View of Iron Valley, Megiddo, Tel Yizrael and a hike to Ein Yizrael, HaGilboa – Katef Shaul and Mount Barkan Tzipori, Beit She’arim, Zaid Hill and the statue of Alexander Zaid. 22 23 Israeli Arabs Site preservation – The Society for Preservation of Israel Heritage Sites Jewish settlement – "Aliyot", defense and settlement Ilaniya The Ben-Zvi hut at Beit Keshet Scenic route in the Beit Keshet forest Pope’s visit to Nazareth and the Mass at the Mount of Precipice Tourist accommodations The Gilboa Iris Katzir and the outpost program Um el-Fahem The buffer line Via Maris The Society for the Protection of Nature in Israel and the Israel Nature and Parks Authority the Israel Nature and Parks Authority 7 Beit She'an, Beit Alpha and Kochav Hayarden. 24 Supplements for tours in the north of Israel 25 26 Haifa and the Carmel 2 days 27 HaSharon 1 day 28 Amud River + supplements in the north. The Louie Promenade, the Bahai Center, the German Colony, Kababir and the Ahmadiyya Mosque, Wadi Nisnas, Stella Maris, Elijah Cave, a short visit to the Hecht Museum. Little Switzerland, walking excursion and Khai-Bar Carmel, Mishmar HaCarmel farm, the Forty Grove and the Road of the Millenia. Etsba (finger) Ridge, the Muhraka, Dalit el-Carmel: market, Beit Uliphant. The Tsedek Tower, Afek Park, Apolonia, a walking excursion along the (restored) Alexander River, Orot Rabin power station if the subject of electricity is not covered at Ashkelon, a short excursion in Hadera. Caesarea and its surroundings 2 days 29 Reference to crossing security checks with tourists Youth Hostel Association Remains of the aqueduct in Beit Hananya and Alona Park (Mei Kedem), Taninim Stream – aqueduct and Roman dam; Caesarea: Roman villa – bird mosaic, walk from Kshatot Beach to the National Park; An Haifa under the British Mandate Transportation past and present (port, train, Carmelit) The Carmel fire “Masada on the Carmel” plan Prehistoric Carmel The Technion and the University of Haifa Haifa museums Sidna Ali Kurkar ridges, abrasion tables and the beach Via Maris Man in the Sharon The National Water Carrier and the sources of the Yarkon River Access for the disabled Highway 6 Herod as a builder The importance of Caesarea to Jews The importance of the city to Christians Maritime archaeology The Obelisk 8 30 Jaffa 1 day 31 32 Tel Aviv 2 days 33 introductory tour of ancient Caesarea. Atlit illegal immigrant camp, shuni, Zikhron Ya’akov: cemetery, founders’ street, synagogue; First Aliya Museum, if not visiting at a different location; Winery, if not visiting a winery elsewhere; Ramat Hanadiv: visitors' center, Hanadiv Garden, walk to Mantsur elAkev or to Ein Tsur. Old Jaffa – port, visitors' center, alleys, Church of St. Peter, Ramses Garden, city gate and clock tower area, the flea market, the American /Templar Colony, Neve Tsedek and Susan Dalal Center, Hatachana. The Shalom Tower (mosaics and city model), Independence Hall, Ahuzat Bait and the White City (Rothschild Boulevard), Nahalat Binyamin and the Carmel Market, important buildings on Bialik street, the Trumpeldor cemetery. Sarona, a short visit to Beit Hatfutsot (Diaspora museum), the Palmach Museum, including the memorial room – one of two presentations: “the Palmach Journey” or “GAHAL”, Rabin Square, Habima Theater and the surrounding area, Tel Aviv Museum of Art, Opera House and Cameri Theater, Tel Aviv harbour and promenade. An evening in Tel Aviv is The German settlement of Emma Berger Binyamina Atlit salt industry Atlit Crusader Fortress The importance of Jaffa to Christians The Artists’ Quarter Jaffa today – conservation and renovation Co-existence Jaffa’s tourist potential The Gutman museum The White City as a world heritage site Tel Aviv as a cultural and economic center Altalena The Rabin Center Azrieli observation point The Geddes plan Special museums and galleries The Ramat Gan Safari Transportation in Tel Aviv Recreation centers Shopping centers and markets Rabin Center Gay Center Tel Qasile and the Eretz Israel Museum 9 recommended, including a tourist/cultural initiative. 34 Southern Coastal Plain 35 3 days 36 37 Judean Lowland 2 days Tel Beit Shemesh, Horvat Qeiyafa Ruin, Tel Azekah, Tel Lachish Tel Maresha, Beit Guvrin, Horvat Midras 39 38 Ayalon Valley 2 days Ashdod – Yonah Hill, Ashdod Port, the Philistine Museum, Ashdod Yam Fort, Lachish River Promenade; Ashkelon – Ashkelon Park, Sarcophagi Court, Marina and promenade, Rotenberg Power Station (if not visiting another power station). Yad Mordechai – museum, Battle Hill and the Anilevich Statue, Yoav Fort, Negba, Givat Tom and Tomer, Nitzanim – the “palace” and the Hebrew Fighting Woman Memorial, Ad-Halom Bridge Holon – sites related to the children city and Design Museum (from outside), Mikve Israel, Rishon Le’Zion, Rehovot – the Ayalon Institute and the Weizmann Institute – Beit Haim Weizmann, visitor center and science park. Ben Gurion Airport – a short tour focusing on procedures and rendezvous points for the group, Lod – Church of St. George; Ramla: the Great Mosque, the White Tower, Judaism as a culture: Alma School, “HaMakom”, Sabbath at the Port Tel Aviv University Immigrants The Sea People The importance of coastal cities throughout history Coastal towns and tourism Modern industry and the Beer Factory The Great Dune and nature preservation Nes Ziona Round Gaza Region Shafdan wastewater treatment system Desalinization Regional tourist projects, vineyards and wineries The Lachish and Adulam regions Tel Tzora, stories of Samson, Sculptures Route The War of Independence in Ramla-Lod A central intersection of Israel Railways 10 40 Judea's Monasteries 41 42 Jerusalem Hills 43 3 days 44 Jordan Valley and the Jericho area 1 day 45 Arches Pool, market, Karaite Center (if not visiting the center at the J'lem Jewish Quarter). The LEHI memorial, Mini Israel, Tel Gezer, Ayalon Park, a study tour in Neot Kdumim. The Beit Jimal Monestaries, Latrun Monastery, Amaus, the Abu Gosh churches + Yad Hashmona (with a tour of the biblical garden) The Latrun Memorial, including a visit to the Tank Memorial, the “Burma Road”, Sha’ar HaGai, the Convoy Range, Breaking though to Jerusalem Memorial, the Castel, Radar Hill, the military cemetery at Kiryan Anavim. Fire Scroll Memorial, Bnei Brit Cave and the Anne Frank Memorial, Har haTayasim (Pilots’ Mountain), Tel Tsuba, HaSataf – walking excursion focusing on traditional mountain agriculture, Ein Hemed. Nebi Samuel, the Twin Towers Memorial, Motsa – story of the settlement and reference to Beit Yellin, the Stalactite Cave, an optional short walking excursion – Ktalav River / Halilim Stream and Einot Telem / Horvat Hanot and the Caesar Road. Deir Hajla, Beit HaArava, the Abdalla Bridge, Qasr el Yahud, Sartaba (requires security arrangements), the Jordan Valley Memorial, drive on the Alon road. Jindas Bridge Reference to churches in Ramla Ancient synagogues in the area Reference to the "Maccabi Graves" Deir Rafat The Wine Road (tourism in Yoav and Judea) Roads in the area throughout history Highway 1 Construction of the Jerusalem rail tracks Traditional mountain agriculture The Arazim Valley The Jerusalem trail Dinosaur tracks in Beit Zait Jerusalem Corridor settlements The “Green Line” and the Separation Wall Diefenbaker Road Forest of the Martyrs and the Martyrs’ Cave Kennedy Memorial The Great Rift Valley Roads Agriculture and settlement in the Jordan valley “Pursuit Land” 11 Binyamin and Samaria 46 Shaul Hill – Tel el Ful (do not ascend to the roof), Ein Prat, view of Michmash River, Tel Shilo, Mount Grizim. 1 day The Alon Plan Tourism projects Conducting tours in areas requiring arrangements with the army A, B and C areas Sites in Jericho and its surroundings: Tel Jericho, Deir el Qurantal, Hisham Palace, the synagogue Jericho in the New Testament The Jordan River and its boundaries. The Kingdom of Saul and the Kingdom of Israel Jewish settlement Ramallah and Rawabi Qubur Bani Israel (the Bnei Israel tomb) Evangelical tourism Tours of Jerusalem Jerusalem: First Temple Period 47 2 days 48 View from Armon HaNatsiv with a focus on topography, City of David – presentation, observation tower + reference to graves from the First Temple period in Kfar Shiloah, area G, area E, the Kathleen Kenyon Wall, Warren’s Shaft, Beit HaMa’ayan, Hezekiah Tunnel, Valley of Hinnom (preferably by walking from the City of David along the Jerusalem Trail), Katef Hinnom and graves from the First Temple Period + watershed – Gav HaHar road. The Jewish Quarter: model of the first temple at the Ariel The story of the Yemenite settlement in Kfar HaShiloah Guiding with the Bible The open tunnel The choice of Jerusalem The Begin Heritage Center The geographical and physical conditions of the eastern hill and its surroundings Epigraphical findings Water sources of Jerusalem during the First Temple period The Begin Museum 12 49 Jerusalem: Second Temple Period 2 days 50 Jerusalem: The Roman – Byzantine Period 1 day 51 Center, the Israelite Tower, the Broad Wall, remains of the first temple wall in the Cardo; the Rockefeller Museum with a focus on findings from the Biblical period, Tsidkiyahu Cave, graves from the First Temple period in St. Etienne. Second Temple sites in the “City of David” National Park, Western Wall excavations + the Davidson Center, including the virtual model, the Western Wall prayer area, archaeological excavations near the Western Wall, the Western Wall Tunnel. Model of the Second Temple and the Shrine of the Book at the Israel Museum. The Second Temple Period in the Jewish Quarter: City wall remains in the Cardo area, the Herodian Quarter, the Burnt House, the Kidron tombs. Armon HaNatziv, focusing on the Jerusalem aqueduct project and a summary of the First and Second Temple periods. The Damascus Gate and its surroundings, view from the top of the Damascus Gate, Church of the Holy Sepulcher area and the Church of the Holy Sepulcher in the Byzantine period, Church of St. Alexander Nevsky, rooftops view, the Cardo in the Jewish Quarter, remains of the Nea Church, model in the Church of St. Peter in Gallicantu, the secondary Cardo in the area of the Dung Remains of the Byzantine church at the Siloam Pool Jesus on the Temple Mount Mikvehs The Psalms of Ascents The Hasmonean Tunnel Tombs of the Kings (mandatory, when opened) Introduction to all the ancient water pools in Jerusalem Madaba Map Bird Mosaic 13 Jerusalem: The Muslim City 52 1 day Jerusalem: The Crusader City 53 1 day Jerusalem at the end of the Ottoman Period and during the British Mandate Period 54 4 days 55 Gate + the wall painting near the Dung Gate. Early Arab period: the Temple Mount. The Muslim Quarter and Mamluk building in the city: the Cotton Market, the Little Wall, the Iron Gate, Mamluk structures along HaShalshelet street, the Umayyad Palaces in the Southern Wall excavations and the virtual model of the city during the Umayyad period, the Ayyubid Dung Gate. The Walls Promenade, remains of Tancred’s Tower, Crusader remains around Jaffa Gate, market area and reference to the urban planning of the Crusader city, Church of the Holy Sepulcher during the Crusader period, the Muristan, the cloister of the Church of the Redeemer, Crusader shops around the Jewish Quarter’s Cardo, St. Mary of the Germans, the small entrance of the Dung/Tanner’s Gate. Jaffa Gate and its surroundings, Christ Church + models and water channel, a short introductory tour of the Old Jewish Settlement Museum, synagogues in the Jewish Quarter: the Hurva Synagogue, the Ramban Synagogue, Museum of the Karaites, Tif'eret Israel Synagogue, Batei Mahaseh Square, the Four Sephardic Synagogues, the Zion Gate. Alrov Avenue (Mamilla), a “Solomon’s Stables” Mamluk Architecture The Ayyubid Zion Gate Fighting for control over the Temple Mount Introduction to the mosques on the Temple Mount (although entry is currently forbidden) Return of the Jews to Jerusalem Maps and texts from the Crusader Period The Temple Mount during the Crusader Period Cultural events and festivals in Jerusalem, with reference to the night presentation at the fortress Nature of the population of the Jewish Quarter from the 1970s until today The Tourist Office near the Jaffa Gate Palace Hotel The Quarter in 1948 14 56 57 Jerusalem in 1948, the city line and the Six Days War 58 comprehensive tour of the Tower of David, a walking tour of Mishkenot Sha’ananim, Yemin Moshe, Mahne Israel + the Moroccan Jews Center, the Mamilla Pool and the Garden of Independence, Nahlat Shiv'a, Museum of the underground prisoners, the Russian Compound and Safra Square. Hanevi’im Street and its surroundings: Beit Mahanaim, the Italian Hospital, the Ethiopian Church, Beit Tabor, the Ticho House, Beit David Neighborhood, Nahlaot and the Machane Yehuda Market. The German Colony, the Old Train Station - the Old Station Plaza, the Khan, the Scottish Church, Y.M.C.A, King David Hotel, Mamilla and its surroundings, the City Center (the triangle), Rekhavia and Talbiyeh (Komemiyut). St. Simeon, Armon HaNatziv, Ramat Rachel, roof of the Notre Dame Monastery, Ammunition Hill, Mount Scopus. Jerusalem: 2 days 1 day Christianity 59 View from the Mount of Olives, Mount of Olives churches, Lions Gate, Church of St. Anne + Bethesda Pools, Via Dolorosa stations 1 – 9, including the Convent of the Sisters of Zion, exit through the square of the Church of the Holy Sepulcher. Guidelines for group tours in Orthodox neighborhoods Me'a She'arim and the Bukhari neighborhood Beit Weiner The Track Promenade Izhak ben Tsvi Memorial Muslim expansion outside the walls Archaeological aspects of Ramat Rachel Abu-Tor (Hanania Hill) Musrara (Morasha) Days of the Mandate: hospital, university and British cemetery The Jewish cemetery on the Mount of Olives Guiding with the Bible and the New Testament The Mass conducted by the Pope at Gat 15 60 Jerusalem: 61 The new city, a capital city Church of the Holy Sepulcher, Mount Zion – Dormition Abbey, room of the last supper, Tomb of David, Church of St. Peter in Gallicantu, Church of St. James in the Armenian Quarter, Garden Tomb. The Supreme Court, the Knesset + the Menora, the Great Synagogue, Hebrew Union College, Fuchsberg Center, driving tour of the new neighborhoods Gilo and/or Ramot, view of the Separation Wall 2 days 62 Yad Vashem and Mount Herzl 63 1 day Jerusalem: Ein Karem and supplements Jerusalem museums: the Israel Museum, the Bible Lands Museum, the Bank of Israel’s visitor center, the National Library. Yad Vashem Holocaust Memorial Museum, the connecting path and Mount Herzl: The Cemeteries Shmanim The Mormon University and Augusta Victoria The status quo Monastery of the Cross Architecture The Light Rail The Bridge of Strings The Museum of Archaeology at the Hebrew Union College Reform Judaism Conservative Judaism The Science Museum The Givat Ram Campus Revival Beacon (from holocaust to revival) The Herzl Museum Ein Karem, the Biblical Zoo + supplements The Chagall Windows Gush Etzion: the "Thousand" Lookout at Neve Daniel, part of the Derech haAvot, audiovisual presentation in Kfar Eztion, the Biar aqueduct, view of Solomon’s Pools from the Dagan Hill, the Herodion. Cave of Machpela, Susya, Horvat Anim, Drijat - with a focus on tourism Tkoah and Hariton Cave The Lamed-Hei Affair Bedouin and Fellahin The Joe Alon Museum Yatir Forest Lakiya tourist sites 64 1 day Mount Hebron 65 2 days 66 16 67 68 Monasticism in the Judean Desert: Monastery of Martyrius, Monastery of Euthymius, Inn of the Good Samaritan (including the Mosaic Museum), view of St. George Monastery, Nebi Musa, Qumran - including the aqueduct. Ein Gedi: Nahal David, Shulamit Spring, Ein Gedi Spring and the Chalcolithic Temple, Tel Goren, the Ancient Synagogue. Masada – the site, its slopes and surroundings (full day), the museum, the Great Revolt presentation at the Masada visitor center. The Judean Desert 69 5 days 70 Ein Bokek and the Hotels area, the Zohar Fort, Nahal Pratzim, Mount Sdom, the Ladder Trail or the Fish Trail, the Dead Sea Works (observation point). 71 The Einot Tzukim Reserve, a visit to a Dead Sea beach, an intermediate difficulty level introductory walking trail of the Judean Desert: Nahal Og / Nahal Muraba’at / Nahal Mishmar / Tsafit / Tze’elim – Guidelines for behavior in national parks and nature reserves Neot HaMidbar Arugot River Handicap accessible sites The Ein Gedi Field School Kibbutz Ein Gedi and the Botanical Garden Masada as a world heritage site Masada for different groups Masada’s dolomite rocks The fort in sunrise and accommodation in the area Ways to Masada Climbing paths Mount Elazar The Opera and festivals at Masada The desert fortresses Medical tourism Food and accommodation in the Judean Desert No entry into caves in the area A conflict of interests around Pool 5 (“salt harvest”) The P.E.F. rock Horvat Mazin Guidelines for behavior in desert trails Managing a tour in areas requiring pre- 17 Ein Namer / Bokek / Tamar / Peres and Ma'aleh Peres . The Negev 7 days arrangement with the army Walking trails and challenge trails (4X4 and gliding) The Dead Sea and bathing guidelines Sinkholes The Great Rift Valley A desert in the rain shadow The Dead Sea – a dying / threatened sea. Hayamim (the seas) Channel The Dead Sea as a touristic and economic resource Tel Arad, Tel Be’er Sheva, a comprehensive look at the tourist attractions in Be’er 72 Sheva, The Negev Brigade Memorial and the Round Be’er Sheva Trail. Nir Am, the Nir Am 73 Reservoire, the Asaf Siboni The Western observation point, Mitzpe Negev with a Nabiya Mar'i, the Black focus on Arrow Memorial, the Maon settlement Synagogue, Bitronot Be’eri (recommended and the ANZAC Memorial, in February) the" Salad Trail". Ben Gurion’s Hut, Ben Gurion’s Grave, Midreshet Ben Gurion, Ein Ovdat, 74 Mitzpe Revivim Between sown land and desert “Red South” – Anemones blossom The Gaza Strip The Round Gaza settlements Mitzpe Gvulot Pithat Shalom The Ramon Crater: visitors center in Mitzpe Ramon, Khan Saharonim, Ein Saharonim, the Saharonim Fort, HaMinsara, the Ammonite Wall and a short walking trail. Yeruham Park, Yeruham, the 75 76 The Sculpted Trees Garden in Kibbutz Revivim Warm baths – Neve Midbar Mizpe Ramon Development Town Mount Karkom Eco-Tourism Phosphate plants 18 Large Crater: Mount Avnun, the petrified Trees, the color sands, Fossil Park, Ein Yorke'am, view of the small crater. Ovdat, Mamshit, the Havarim 77 hole, individual farms and The Nabateans Bedouin hospitality. Ashelim, Shivta, Nitzana, agriculture in Kadesh Barne'a, 78 Pithat Nitzana Be’erotayim. Ma’ale Akrabim (if entry is permitted), Ir Ovot and Ein Hetzeva, Arava R&D, part of the Peace Trail, Sapir Park, Moa, the "kite" at Samar Junction. Mount Tzfahot (preferably at sunrise), Shechoret canyon, Amram Pillars, Mout Yoash observation point, the Red Canyon / Ein Netafim, view of the rift valley: Mount Ayit / Mitzpe Shcaharut, the Uvda Valley – the Leopard Temple and sand dunes, Loten – an ecological settlement. The Rabin Crossing – a border crossing to Jordan, the desalinization Plant, Timna Park; Um Rashrash and the Eilat Museum; in the evening: a tour of Eilat. The Taba Border Crossing, the Underwater Observatory, Eilat beaches, Bird Watching Park, the Evrona sites: the Flamingo Pools, the Fugaras and HaDom Palms; the Yotveta Wildlife Reserve. 79 80 The Arava and Eilat Mountains 4 days 81 82 83 General Supplements day Restoring the craters after mining Tourist initiatives in Yeruham Gush Katif evacuees Operation Horev The French Commando The Antelope Farm Neot Smadar Settlements in the Arava Babblers in the Arava The Israel–Jordan border The Israel–Egypt border Land border crossings The tourist potential of the area including the combination of a tour to Jordan and Egypt. Notza Range and the watershed. el-Hajj Road Yotveta – Ein Radian, the kibbutz and the tourist center Tourist attractions and hotels in Eilat. Guidelines for behavior in the Red Sea Scuba-diving sites and scuba-diving centers 4X4 tours Road no. 12