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Chapter 14.3- Formative Quiz
1.
Who was William the Conqueror?
(Time period, location, key
achievements)
Duke of Normandy, who conquered
England at the Battle of Hastings in October
of 1066. William brought feudalism to
England and commissioned the Domesday
Book…also example of
subinfeudation…consolidated power by
redistributing land to
supporters…immortalized on the Bayeux
Tapestry
2.
What was the Magna Carta?
Also known as the “Great Charter”.
Document drawn up by English nobles,
who forced King John to sign it in
1215…limited the powers of the
kings…no imprisonment without jury
trial, no taxation without consultation,
etc. It was important because it was
the first example of limitations on a
monarch’s powers…also inspired later
documents such as the Mayflower
Compact, and the Constitution
3.
What was the Estates- General?
Significance?
The Estates-General was a body of
representatives in France which was called
to approve requests of the king…made up
of the First Estate (clergy), the Second
Estate (nobles), the Third Estate
(commoners)…The Estates- General was not
as powerful as Parliament, but much later
on, the Estates-General will help usher in
the French Revolution (1789)
Chapter 14.3- England and France
Develop
I. England Absorbs Waves of Invaders
 For centuries, invaders from various
regions in Europe landed on English
shores
 Cultural diffusion
A. Early Invasions
 800’s- Britain was raided by Danish
Vikings
o Special prayer- “God, deliver us from
the fury of the Northmen”
 Alfred the Great, 871-899, managed to
turn back the Viking invaders…
 Gradually, Alfred and successors united
kingdom under one rule, calling it
England- “land of the Angles”
o Angles were one of the Germanic
tribes that invaded Britain
 1016- Danish king Canute conquered
England, molded Anglo-Saxons and
Vikings into one people
 1042- King Edward the Confessor,
descendant of Anglo-Saxon Alfred the
Great, took the throne…died in January
1066 without an heir
B. The Norman Conquest
 William, duke of Normandy, invaded
England and became William the
Conqueror
o Normandy was northern region of
France that had been conquered by
the Vikings
o Normans were descended from
Vikings, but were French in language
and in culture
o William was King Edward’s
cousin…claimed the throne and
invaded with a Norman army
 William’s rival was Harold Godwinson,
Anglo-Saxon who claimed the throne.
 October 14, 1066- Norman and Saxons
fought the Battle of Hastings…Harold
was killed by an arrow in his eye, the
Normans won
 William then declared all of England his
personal property
 English lords that had supported Harold
lost their lands…William then granted
fiefs to about 200 Norman lords who
swore oaths of loyalty to him
personally…laid the foundation for
centralized government and feudalism
in England
II. England’s Evolving Government
 William the Conqueror’s descendants
owned land both in Normandy and in
England
 English King Henry II added to the
holdings by marrying Eleanor of
Aquitaine…she brought more lands from
France
 English kings wanted to
o 1. Hold and add on to their French
lands
o 2. They wanted to strengthen their
own power over the nobles and the
Church
A. Monarchs, Nobles, and the Common
Law
 Eleanor of Aquitaine one of the most
remarkable women in history
o Wife to 2 kings and mother to 2 kings
 Eleanor married Louis VII of France
when the Second Crusade began
o 1147 she accompanied him to the
Holy Land
o Her marriage was then annulled
 Eleanor then married Henry
Plantagenet, who became Henry II of
England
o Had four sons- 2 kings (Richard the
Lion-Hearted and John)
o Henry also gained a large territory in
France called Aquitaine
 Henry held lands in France, he was a
vassal to the French king, but he was
also a king in his own right
 Henry ruled England from 1154 to 1189
o Strengthened the royal courts of
justice by sending royal judges to
every part of England at least once a
year
o Collected taxes, settled lawsuits, and
punished crimes
o Henry also introduced use of jury in
English courts
o Jury in Medieval England was a group
of loyal people- 12 neighbors of the
accused- and answered a royal
judge’s questions about the facts of
the case
 Overtime, rulings of England’s royal
judges formed a unified body of law that
became known as common law
o Principles of English common law are
the basis for law in many Englishspeaking countries, including the
United States
B. The Magna Carta
 Henry was succeeded by Richard the
Lion-Hearted, then other son John
 John ruled from 1199 to 1216
o Failed military leader, called John
Softsword
o John lost Normandy and all his lands
in northern France
o John then faced a confrontation with
his nobles
 John was mean to his subjects and tried
to squeeze money from them…raised
taxes to an all-time high to finance his
wars…nobles revolted
 June 15, 1215- nobles forced John to
agree to the most celebrated document
in English history, the Magna Carta
(Great Charter)
o Guaranteed basic political rights
o Nobles wanted to safeguard their
own feudal rights and limit the king’s
powers
o Guaranteed rights- no taxation
without representation, a jury trial,
and the protection of the law
 Robin Hood Legend
C. The Model Parliament
 Important step toward democratic
government resulted from Edward I’s
struggles to hold onto his last remaining
French lands
 1295- Edward I needed to raise taxes for
a war against the French
 Edward summoned 2 burgesses (citizens
of wealth and property) from every
borough and 2 knights from every
county to serve as a parliament
(legislative group)
 November 1295- first meeting of the
Model Parliament- knights, burgesses,
bishops, and lords met together at
Westminster in London…new makeup
(commoners, non-nobles, and lords)
served as a model for later kings
 1300 to 1400- King called the knights
and burgesses whenever a new tax was
needed
 Knights and burgesses gradually formed
an assembly of their own within
Parliament called the House of
Commons…
 Nobles and bishops met separately in
the House of Lords
 Under Edward I- Parliament was a royal
tool that helped to weaken the great
lords…eventually, Parliament became
strong and provided a check to royal
power
III. Capetian Dynasty Rules France
 Kings of France looked for ways to
increase their power
 After the breakup of Charlemagne’s
empire, French counts and dukes ruled
their lands independently under the
feudal system
 By 1000, France was divided into 30
feudal territories
 987- last member of Carolingian familyLouis the Sluggard- died
 Hugh Capet- duke from middle of
France- succeeded him
 Hugh Capet began the Capetian dynasty
of French kings that ruled France from
987 to 1328
A. France Becomes a Separate Kingdom
 Hugh Capet, his son, and his grandson
were weak rulers
 Capetian territory was on important
trade routes in northern France
 Power of the king gradually spread
outward from Paris…eventually, growth
of the royal power would unite France
B. Philip II Expands His Power
 One of the most powerful Capetians was
Philip II, called Philip Augustus, ruled
from 1180-1223
o Philip wanted to weaken the power
of the English kings in France
o Philip had more success against King
John
 Philip gained so much land- he
was called Augustus (Latin for
“majestic”)
 Seized Normandy from King John
in 1204
 Philip tripled the lands under his
direct control
 For the first time, French king had
become more powerful than any
of his vassals
 Philip Augustus wanted a stronger
central government…established royal
officials called bailiffs
o Paris to every district in kingdom to
preside over the king’s courts and
collect the king’s taxes
C. Philip II’s Heirs
 France’s central government was made
even stronger during reign of Philip’s
grandson, Louis IX, ruled from 12261270
o Louis was pious and saintly
o Known as an ideal king
o Canonized by the Catholic Church
after his death
o Created a French appeals court
which could overturn decisions of
local courts…strengthened the
monarchy while weakening feudal
ties
 1302, Philip IV, ruled from 1285-1314,
involved in a quarrel with the pope
o Pope refused to allow priests to pay
taxes to the king
o Philip disputed the right of the pope
to control Church affairs in his
kingdom
o Philip IV called a meeting to gain
support for his policies and included
commoners
o France- 3 Estates
 1. First Estate- Clergy/ Church
leaders
 2. Second Estate- Lords
 3. Third Estate- everybody else/
commoners
 Meeting of the Estates-General
o Helped to increase royal power
against the nobility
o Unlike Parliament, Estates-General
never became an independent force
that limited the king’s power