Chemistry Targets:
Quantifying and Classifying Matter
1.1 Distinguish chemical and physical properties.
1.1a. Be able to calculate density given mass and volume.
1.1b. Be able to calculate mass given density and volume
1.1c. Be able to recognize structure based on phase and shape.
1.1d. Be able to distinguish between , solids, liquids, gases, plasmas, and BoseEinstein condensates.
1.2 Identify chemical properties
1.2a. Reactivity
1.2b. Flammability
1.3 Measurement
1.3a. Be able to use the metric system and perform conversions.
1.3b. Be able to distinguish between accuracy and precision.
1.3c. Be able to perform calculations and measurements using significant figures
1.3d. Be able to read, measure and calculate using scientific notation.
1.3e. Be able to perform calculations using dimensional analysis.
1.3f. Be able to recognize the mole as a unit of measure as related to Avogrado’s
number.
Structure and Properties of Matter
2.1. Atomic Structure
2.1a. Be able to identify the parts of an atom, electrons, protons and neutrons.
2.1b. Be able to identify models of atoms such as the plum pudding, Rutherford, Bohr,
and Schrodinger (quantum mechanical) models.
2.1c. Be able to cite evidence for the existence of electrons, the nucleus, protons and
Neutrons, from the above models.
2.1d. Be able to draw shell models and Lewis structures.
2.1e. Be able to calculate proton and neutron numbers for stable isotopes.
2.2. Electro-magnetic Spectrum
2.2a. Be able to identify emission spectrums vs. absorption spectrums.
2.2b. Be able to recognize that different colors represent different wave-lengths,
frequencies and energies.
2.2c. Be able to recognize the difference between the ground state and an excited state
in the electron arrangement in an atom.
2.2.d. Be able to recognize that all elements have different emission spectra.
2.3 Electron configuration.
2.3a. To be able to recognize s,p,d and f shapes.
2.3b. To be able to recognize s,p,d and f values, 2,6,10 and 14.
2.3c. To be able to write orbital diagrams and configurations for the 1st three periods
In extended and noble gas structures.
2.3d. To be able to identify valance electrons.
3. Periodic Table
3.1. Properties
3.1a. Be able to identify metals, non-metals, metalloids, and transition metals,
Lanthanides, and actinides.
3.1b. Be able to recognize all elements are placed in order by atomic number.
3.1c. Be abel to recognize that elements are placed in columns based on chemical
properties.
3.1d. Be able to distinguish between periods and families.
3.1e. Be able to recognize trends on the periodic table based on electron
configurations.
3.1f. Be able to recognize trends such as atomic radius, ionization energy,
and electronegativity.
4. Intermolecular Chemical Bonding.
4.1. Ionic
4.1a. Be able to explain how ions form by loss or gain of electrons.
4.1b. Be able to recognize that metals form + ions and non-metals for – ions
4.1c. Be able to recognize that ionic compounds form from metal and non-metal
Ions, and have a neutral electro-static charge.
4.1d. Be able to recognize that Ionic substances always form a crystal lattice.
4.1e. Be able to recognize the difference between monatomic and polyatomic ions.
4.2. Polar/Covalent compounds
4.2a. Be able to determine bond type (ionic, polar or non-polar covalent) based on
electronegativity differences.
4.2b. Be able to recognize that covalent bonding results from a directional sharing
of valance electrons between non-metals.
4.2c. Be able to recognize that covalent substances can be solids, liquids, or gases.
4.2d. Be able to recognize that metallic bonding as a non-directional sharing of
of valance electrons between metal atoms forming an electron sea, which makes
metallic compound conductive solids
4.2e. Be able to recognize Carbon’s unique bonding ability, and the products it can form.
Representing Compounds
5.1. Formula writing and nomenclature.
5.1a. Be able to use the periodic table to determine ionic charges, and number of
valance electrons.
5,1b. Be able to use the criss-cross method to write ionic formulas.
5.1c. Be able to use roman numerals in formula writing and naming compounds
containing transition metals.
5.1d. Be able to write and name compounds containing polyatomic ions using ()’s
and subscripts.
5.1e. Be able to recognize the difference, and be able use subscripts, superscripts,
and coefficients in formulas and equations.
5.1f. Be able to use the stock system in naming ionic compounds.
5.1g. Be able to use prefixes in naming molecular compounds. (first 10 only)
5.2. Models and Shapes.
5.2a. Be able to represent or visualize molecular structures using ball and stick
models.
5.2b. Be able to predict molecular geometry based on VESPR theory.
5.3. Quantifying Matter.
5.3a. Be able to calculate molar mass.
5.3b. Be able to use dimensional analysis to convert between moles, mass and
number of particles
5.3c. Be able to recognize that the concept of the mole is based on the mass of
the carbon atom.
5.4. Intermolecular Chemical Bonding.
5.4a. Be able to differentiate between intra and intermolecular forces.
5.4b. Be able to recognize that intermolecular forces are determined by shape,
polarity, and composition.
5.4c. Be able to recognize the types of intermolecular forces, such as London dispersion
Forces, dipole forces, and hydrogen bonding.
5.4d. Be able to recognize that intermolecular forces determine melting point, boiling
point, solubility, and vapor pressure.
6. Interactions of Matter:
6.1 Chemical Reactions-- Balancing
6.1a. Be able to balance chemical reactions using coefficients.
6.1b. Be able to balance simple oxidation-reduction reactions.
6.1c. Be able to recognize and classify chemical reaction types, such as,
combustion, Single replacement, double replacement, synthesis,
decomposition, oxidation-reduction, and combustion.
6.1d. Be able to the activity series to predict if a single replacement reaction
will occur.
6.1e. Be able to use a solubility table to predict whether a precipitation reaction
will occur.
6.2 Chemical reactions—Energy and Kinetics.
6.2a. Be able to demonstrate that combustion reactions produce energy
6.2b. Be able to recognize that stable reactants require an activation energy
In order to occur.
6.2c. Be able to relate catalysts and enzymes to activation energy.
6.2d. Be able to recognize methods of changing the rate of a reaction, such as
temperature, pressure, and concentration.
6.2e. Be able to recognize forms of potential and kinetic energy in a reaction.
6.2f. Be able to calculate energy using specific heat.
6.2g. Be able to distinguish between endothermic and exothermic reactions using
quantitative and qualitative data.
6.3. Chemical Reactions—Equilibrium
6.3a. Be able to understand that not all reactions reach equilibrium, not all reverse
are likely to occur, such as combustion reactions.
6.3b. Be able to appy LeChatelier’s principle.
6.4. Chemical reactions—Acids and Bases.
6.4a. Be able to recognize Arrhenius Acids and Bases by their formulas.
6.4b. Be able to recognize the difference between the hydroxide ion and the
Hydronium ion.
6.4c. Be able to write neutralization reactions, and recognize the products.
6.4d. Be able to recognize acids and bases on the pH scale.
6.5e. Be able to calculate pH and pOH given the molar concentration.
6.5f. Be able to perform acid/base titrations.
6.5. Stoichiometry
6.5a. Be able to convert molar quantities from one substance to another substance
in a chemical reaction.
6.5b. Be able to use coefficients in a balanced chemical equation as molar ratios.
6.5c. Be able to use molar ratios to convert to mass, volume or number of particles.
6.5d. Be able to define and calculate molarity as related to the concentration of a
of a solution.
6.5e. Be able to perform a serial dilution.
6.5f. Be able to use experimental yield compared to theoretical yield to calculate
% yield.
7. Gas Laws.
7.1. Kinetic Molecular Theory
7.1a. To be able to apply the Kinetic Molecular Theory to behavior of gases.
7.2. Gas Laws
7.2a. Be able to demonstrate the relationship between pressure and volume,
pressure and temperature, and temperature and volume
7.2b. Be able to use the Kelvin scale and convert from other temperature scales.
7.2c. Be able to convert from one pressure unit to another.
7.2d. Be able to perform calculations using the Ideal Gas Law.
8. Nuclear Reactions.
8.1. Radioisotopes.
8.1a. Be able to identify nuclear forces, isotopes, radio active decay, fission and
fusion.
8.1b. Be able to recognize types of nuclear radiation, such as alpha, beta, gamma, and
positron.
8.1c. Be able to predict and balance nuclear equations.
8.1d. Be able to recognize that fission and fusion are accompanied by large energy
changes.
8.1e. Be able to recognize advantages and disadvantages for nuclear power using
fission or fusion.