Fatima Al-Khayat
Social Equity and the Environment
Final Project References
(2005). Watered down on social equity. Down to Earth, 14(20051231).
Retrieved from
http://www.indiaenvironmentportal.org.in/node/6292
This article presents the idea of a new project for poor people. This new idea is
about creating the pro-poor policy for the poor people's conditions, like
providing services for the poor people which will give them access to water
without having to pay anything in return. This idea aims for social equity in
accessing water in the world.
Dahlgren, Göran, & Whitehead, M. (2007). Policies and strategies to
social equity in health: Background document to WHO –
Strategy paper for Europe. Institute for Futures Studies, 14. Retrieved
from
http://www.iffs.se/filebank/files/20080109$110739$fil$mZ8UVQv
2wQFShMRF6cuT.pdf
This article covers the ideas of social equity in relation with health. The author
discusses how to overcome these social differences and mentions the ways to
promote for equality in health. At first, the authors of this article pinpoint the
importance of equity in distinguishing different policies levels for involvement.
Then the authors shift into the idea of putting these equity policies into practice
Fatima Al-Khayat
Social Equity and the Environment
and action. Furthermore, the authors reach to the point of discussing health
public policies and implementation of an equity in health policy.
Paehlke, R. (2003). Democracy's dilemma: Environment, social
equity, and the global economy. United State of America, USA:
Massachusetts Institute of Technology. Retrieved from
http://books.google.com/books?id=bnFHRwk4O6IC&printsec=fro
ntcover&dq=Democracy%27s+Dilemma:+Environment+Social+Eq
uity+and+the+Global+Economy&hl=ar#v=onepage&q=&f=false
This book focuses on the reality of global economy, pointing out that it’s more
complex and dynamic than thought. Also, the author presents a plan which he
refers to as "first-step plans" which is solution about achieving balances and
changing the idea about the function of the economy, that it doesn't guarantee
better live, nor communities and societies and neither a better social equity
between everyone. In addition, the author discusses the consequences of
"democracy’s dilemma" in different areas for instance. Furthermore, he also
encourages for a global economic integration which is the solution to call for
effective democracy.
Keck, M. (1995). Social equity and environmental politics in Brazil:
Lessons from the rubber tappers of acre. Comparative Politics,
27(4). Retrieved from http://www.jstor.org/stable/422227?seq=1
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Social Equity and the Environment
This article discusses how environmental when defined as an issue helps into
changing political framework of disagreement. The author argues how the
"rubber tappers’ struggle in Brazil" helped achieving two accomplishments
which are creating the right idea about social equity and environmental
protection on one hand. And on the other hand he argues how the Brazil’s local
condition helped (resources from environmentalists' campaign) in shaping the
development movements in order to achieve that equity and environmental
protection.
John, D. & Catherine T. Macarthur Foundation, Initials.(n.d.).Key
issues: Social stability. In Population, Consumption & The Environment.
Retrieved from http://www.pcebase.org/issues/index.asp?aid=2
This article argues that environment’s condition it’s not just a function of
population but it’s a function of the characteristics that social communities
possess depending on the way the population is organized. It also argues for the
stability of the social situation, that if it’s stable situation it creates a better
environment and a better sense of the using resources, while if the situation was
unstable which is the result of in-migration and other actions, create the worse
environmental conditions as resources and ecological health shrink, the article
supports this argument by examining the situation of India. In addition to that it
argues that more researches and studies are needed.
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Social Equity and the Environment
Ekbom, A., & Bojö, J. (1999). Poverty and environment: Evidence of
links and integration into the country assistance strategy
process. The World Bank, Africa Region, Environment Group, 4.
Retrieved from
http://151.1.187.213/Assets/8/20040506110148_10-3-36-111.pdf
The purpose of this article is to show connection between poverty and
environment and how are they related. The 2 authors in this article argue about
how environment and poverty influences on each other, by supporting this
argument with some reference or evidence from poor countries, like Ghana. The
authors argue that the rich people, the one with the high income causes high
levels of pollution, and the poor people are the main victims of this pollution or
any other environmental threats, they are the ones who are affected the most. In
addition to that, the authors present some good examples from existing CASs and
PAs of country-specific poverty-environment interactions that supports his
argument.
John D. & Catherine T. Macarthur Foundation, Initials. (n.d.). Policy
implications: Social stability. In Population, Consumption & The
Environment. Retrieved from
http://www.pcebase.org/policy/index.asp?aid=7
This article argues that effective policies are needed to be implemented
regarding the social and the environment stability. It shows how the changes in
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Social Equity and the Environment
population influences the allocating resources processes, where resources
allocating processes can affect the ability of ecosystem to provide services
needed for people. In addition, the article provides example of researches as an
evidence to support its argument and to make it clear about the relationship
between human (population size, migration) and nature.
Yi, H., Bruce, J., & Haites, E. (1996). Climate change 1995: Economic and
social dimensions of climate change. New York, NY: Press Syndicate
of the University of Cambridge. Retrieved from
http://books.google.com/books?hl=en&lr=&id=1BEjH8IPF8cC&oi=fnd
&pg=PP11&dq=social+equity+and+climate+change&ots=RyY6T0aOzd&
sig=6rUvq_5ruzvqq1IoekbPmpkAhwA#v=onepage&q=social%20equity
%20and%20climate%20change&f=false
The authors of this book basically are arguing about the climate change and the
huge impact and influences it has on social equity and economy and how to
implement the "Framework Convention" on climate change. They are arguing
about equity and social consideration being the central discussions of steps to be
taken. They also present the consequences and the cost the climate change has
on different social levels. The authors hope that through this argument it will
help countries to develop appropriate and effective responses to climate change.
Blore, I. (1999). Poor people, poor services: The future of urban
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Social Equity and the Environment
services as seen through 50 years of debate in public administration
and development and its predecessors. Public Administration &
Development, 19(5), 453-465. Retrieved from
https://vpn.qatar.cmu.edu/+CSCO+dh756767633A2F2F6365626468726
6672E687A762E70627A++/pqdweb?index=57&did=405202411&SrchM
ode=1&sid=1&Fmt=10&VInst=PROD&VType=PQD&RQT=309&VName=P
QD&TS=1256076818&clientId=3259
This article argues about the future of human being, that it is in the hand of the
cities and the government actions, like providing services, health services and
public transportation. It argues how the services would be in the upcoming
years, and how these services are likely to be for poor people (is it available for
them? Can they afford it?! ). This article pin points the need to view present
means to manage the environment of poor people and poor countries, how to
balance it and how to achieve equality.
Victora, C., Wagstaff, A., Schellenberg, J., Gwatkin, D., & Claeson, M., &
Habicht, JP. (2003). Applying an equity lens to child health and
mortality: More of the same is not enough. The Lancet, 362.
Retrieved from
http://www.who.int/child_adolescent_health/documents/pdfs/lancet_
child_survival_equity_lens.pdf
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The authors argue about the gaps in children mortality between the social class,
between rich and poor countries and this wide gap is getting bigger. Moreover,
they argue that the poor children have a high percentage to be exposed to health
risks, because of poverty, malnutrition and the poor dangerous environment
they are living in, which is the reason behind why poor children die earlier. Some
of the evidences that are provided to support this argument are the child survival
in India. The article also advocates for actions to stop children from dying and to
shrink the gap between poor people and rich people, until it’s a closed gap.
Chiu, R. (2002). Social equity in housing in the Hong Kong Special
Administrative Region: A social sustainability perspective.
Sustainable Development, 10(3), 155-162. Retrieved from
http://proquest.umi.com/pqdweb?did=349513381&sid=2&Fmt=10&clie
ntId=3259&RQT=309&VName=PQD
This article argues about the policy that is implemented in Hong Kong which
deals with housing and the condition of the housing market, which have gone
under huge striking changes since1997. The new government takes housing as a
requiring resolution for the main social issue. In addition, this article examines
the policy of housing whether it had been an effective policy or not (whether the
housing distribution had reached a level of equitable). The concept of equity is
considered as important factor for obtaining the social sustainability in this
article.
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Social Equity and the Environment
Cattell, V. (2001). Poor people, poor places, and poor health: The
mediating role. Social Science & Medicine, 52, 1501-1516. Retrieved
from
http://cc.kmu.edu.tw/~lishli/Poor%20people,%20poor%20places,%20a
nd%20poor%20health.pdf
Cattell argues in this article about the relation between poverty and exclusion,
how it’s being like a dynamite. He also argues about the relation between the
health and well being how they influence each other and also how neighborhood
has a huge influence on the "social networks". Throughout his article, Cattell
addresses issues by raising questions such as poverty, place in relation with
health, and how these factors are playing roles into identifying the social
network and environment. Furthermore, Cattell discusses the environment that
the poor people have to cope with and how that had an impact on their life, in a
bad way. Cattell supports his argument on qualitative researches which was
based on case studies and depth interviews with residents.
Knack, S. & Keefer, P. (1998). Why don't poor countries catch up?: A
cross-national test of an institutional explanation. Economic Inquiry,
XXXV, 590-602. Retrieved from
http://pdf.dec.org/pdf_docs/Pnabr230.pdf
The authors of this article are arguing about the reasons that are enabling the
poor countries from catching up and developing. The authors present the idea
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Social Equity and the Environment
that the growing gap between the rich and the poor countries oppose the
hypothesis of the development of poor countries. They also put the lights on
another obstacle which they identified as the “institutional environment”; which
include the inadequate legal, politics, etc… and having some deficiencies. They
also analyze several of indicators that include corruption in these poor countries,
and the security of property right which help to study the hypothesis about the
poor countries’ ability to develop.
Wagstaff, A. (2002). Poverty and health sector inequalities. Bull World
Health Organ, 80(2), 97-105. Retrieved from
http://www.scielosp.org/scielo.php?pid=S004296862002000200004&script=sci_arttext&tlng=en
doi: 10.1590/S0042-96862002000200004
Wagstaff argues in this article about the cycle of health and poverty, how these to
terms are related to each other and how do they influence one another and
influence the environment. He argues in this article that poor countries will be
facing more health problems and that the poor people will exposed to a number
of dangerous disease. He supports his argument by evidence biased on health
differences between the poor people and rich people, and mentioning the causes
that leads to such an issue. In addition to that, the author presents the idea about
poor people that are paying to have a health care and how is that difficult to
achieve. Furthermore, he discusses about the impact that the programs and the
policies on health sector inequalities have on poor countries and people. The
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Social Equity and the Environment
author advocate that more hard work and studies are needed about "health
sector inequalities" and public policy regarding the health sector in order to fill
the gap about our own knowledge on how to overcome this cycle of poverty and
ill-health.
(2009). MTSU researcher says 'green economy' investment can reduce
poverty in the region & benefit the environment. The Tennessee
Tribune, 20(35), 11. Retrieved from
http://proquest.umi.com/pqdweb?did=1868705851&sid=3&Fmt=3&clien
tId=3259&RQT=309&VName=PQD
This article argues about the new idea called “Green Economy”. This is an idea of
Dr. Sekou Franklin that he came up with about a new way system investment
that will have a huge impact such as creating a millions of jobs and creating a
broader public transportation. This idea was proofed by a 12- stage study. This
kind of system will ensure a decrease in poverty by decreasing the number of
unemployment people which will benefit the economy and also the environment
will have benefits out from this system because the number of people in cars has
reduced (gas and oil emission from cars that pollute the environment).
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