Name:
__________________________________________
Period:
_____
Optics Unit Packet
CP Physics
Ms. Morrison
Notes/Diagrams
Additional Notes/Examples
Notetaking
Mirror Notes
Reflection:
 1st Law of Reflection

 How are the angles measured?
 2nd Law of Reflection

Types of Reflection:
 Regular reflection
 When does it occur?

 Diffuse reflection
 When does it occur?

Objects vs. Images:
 object =

 image =

Additional Notes/Examples
Notetaking
Real vs. Virtual Images:
 Real images


 Virtual images


Plane Mirrors:
 flat and smooth
 reflect light in regular way
 image formed



Concave Mirrors:

 Where do rays parallel to the
principal axis converge?
 When do parallel rays converge at the
focal point?
 When does spherical aberration occur?
 How do you correct spherical
aberration?
Additional Notes/Examples
Notetaking
Concave Mirrors – Image Formation:

 Object located further from mirror
than focal point


 Object located at focal point


 Object located between focal point and
the mirror


Convex Mirrors:


 Where are convex mirrors often used?
 What are the only kind of images
formed by convex mirrors?
Additional Notes/Examples
Notetaking
Lens Notes
Refraction:





Snell’s Law:
 What did Snell discover?
 Snell’s Law:
 n =
 i =
 r =
 What does the index of refraction
depend on?
Additional Notes/Examples
Notetaking
Effects of Refraction:
 mirages

 daylight –

Dispersion:

 prism –
 violet:
 red:
 diamonds


 rainbows

Additional Notes/Examples
Notetaking
Violet Sky??:

 tinier particles –
 At what frequencies to nitrogen and
oxygen molecules resonate?

 Why do we not see the sky as violet?
Total Internal Reflection:
Additional Notes/Examples
Notetaking
Lenses:

 What are lenses made of?
 two types
 convex


 concave


Human lenses = Eyes:
 shape of lens changed by muscles in eye

 muscles relaxed –
 muscle contracts –
Additional Notes/Examples
Notetaking
Corrections to Vision:
 Myopia (nearsightedness)



 correct with:
 Hyperopia (farsightedness)





correct with:
CP PHYSICS
MIRROR RAY DIAGRAMS
Name: ________________________
___ period
Curved Mirrors
f
P ---------------------------------------------------------------- V
C
F
r






C = center of curvature (center of sphere of which mirror forms a part)
F = focal point, point at which parallel rays reflected from mirror converge or appear to converge
P = principal axis which goes through C and F
r = radius of curvature
f = focal length
V = vertex, center of the mirror itself
Mirror A = _________________ mirror
(also known as a ____________________
mirror since all the incident rays are reflected
to come together)
Mirror B = ___________________ mirror
(also known as a ____________________
mirror since all the incident rays are reflected
to come together)
----------------------------------------F
-------------------------------------------F
CP PHYSICS, MIRROR RAY DIAGRAMS, page 2
Constructing Ray Diagrams
When constructing image points for a spherical mirror, three special rays are used because they always
reflect in the same manner:
1)
Incident rays parallel to the principal axis are reflected through _________________
_____________________________________________________________________
2)
Incident rays through the focal point, F, are reflected _________________________
_____________________________________________________________________
3)
Incident rays along a secondary axis (through _____) are reflected ______________
______________________________ because the angle of incidence = ___________
Concave Mirror:
------------------------------------C
Convex Mirror:
F
----------------------------------F
CP PHYSICS
MIRROR RAY DIAGRAM WORKSHEET
C
Name: _______________________________________
___ period
Use two of the three rules of reflection to find the image of the top of the arrow. Then connect the arrow tip to the
principal axis to complete the image. Determine whether the images are real or virtual, upright or inverted, and
enlarged or reduced.
In-class practice:
------------------------------------C
F
------------------------------------C
F
------------------------------------C
F
------------------------------------C
F
-----------------------------------C
-------------------------------------
F
F
C
CP PHYSICS, MIRROR RAY DIAGRAM WORKSHEET, page 2
Homework:
------------------------------------C
F
------------------------------------C
-------------------------------------
F
C
F
------------------------------------C
F
------------------------------------C
CP PHYSICS
LENS RAY DIAGRAMS
On the diagram label:
F
------------------------------------F
C
Name: ____________________________________
____ period
O - _______________________________
F - __________________ Focus (on side of lens opposite
the object)
F’ - __________________ Focus (on same side of lens as
the object)
2 F and 2 F’ (twice the real focus, twice the virtual focus)
P - _______________________________
---------------------------------------------------------------------------2F’
F’
O
F
2F
Rules for Drawing Ray Diagrams Using Convex Lenses:
1. Rays parallel to the principal axis are refracted through ________________________.
2. Rays through F’ are refracted _____________________________________________.
3. Incident rays along a secondary axis (through ______) are _____________________
______________________.
(Rays are actually refracted twice, as they enter and leave the glass. For simplicity, we draw the incident
rays to the center of the lens and let the refracted ray start there.)
CP PHYSICS, LENS RAY DIAGRAMS, page 2
Rules for Drawing Ray Diagrams Using Concave Lenses:
(Remember that concave lenses are _______________________ lenses. Rays
will refract away from center.)
1. Rays parallel to the principal axis are refracted through __________________________.
2. Rays through __________ are refracted ______________________________________.
3. Incident rays along a secondary axis (through _________) are _____________________
___________________________________.
---------------------------------------------------------------------------2F’
F’
O
F
2F
CP PHYSICS
LENSES RAY DIAGRAM WS
Name: __________________________
__ period
Complete the following ray diagrams.
A.
---------------------------------------------------------------------------2F’
F’
O
F
2F
B.
---------------------------------------------------------------------------2F’
F’
O
F
2F
C.
---------------------------------------------------------------------------2F’
F’
O
F
2F
D.
---------------------------------------------------------------------------2F’
F’
O
F
2F
CP PHYSICS, LENSES RAY DIAGRAM WS, page 2
E.
---------------------------------------------------------------------------2F’
F’
O
F
2F
F.
---------------------------------------------------------------------------2F’
F’
O
F
2F
G.
---------------------------------------------------------------------------2F’
F’
O
F
2F
CP PHYSICS
OPTICS EXAMPLE CALCULATIONS
Name: _____________________________________
____ period
Optics Equations:
n = sin i
sin r
n = vvacuum
vsubstance
1=1+1
f
di do
hi = di
ho do
Example Calculations
1.
Light travels through a sheet of crown glass with an angle of incidence of 30.0o If the angle
of refraction is 19.2o, what is the index of refraction for crown glass?
2.
The index of refraction for ethanol is 1.36. What is the speed of light in ethanol?
3.
What is the focal length of a mirror that has a radius of curvature of 60.0 cm?
4.
A converging lens has a focal length of 20.0 cm. If an object is placed at 75.0 cm from the
lens, where will its image be located?
5.
If the object in #4 is 15.0 cm high, what is the size of its image?
6.
A concave mirror has a focal length of 5.0 cm. If an object produces a virtual image 12 cm
from the mirror, where is it located?
CP PHYSICS
OPTICS CALCULATIONS I
Name: _____________________________________
____ period
Show all work – use GUESS!!!
1.
A block of an unknown material is submerged in water. Light in the water is incident on the
block at an angle of 35o. The angle of refraction in the block is 29o. What is the unknown
material’s index of refraction?
2.
A ray of light has an angle of incidence of 25.0o upon the surface of a piece of quartz. If
the angle of refraction is 15.9o, what is quartz’s index of refraction?
3.
The index of refraction of antimony trioxide is 2.35. How fast will light travel through it?
4.
How fast will light travel through a material with an index of refraction of 1.75?
5.
What is the focal length of a concave mirror with a radius of curvature of 50.0 cm?
6.
A concave mirror has a focal length of 15.0 cm. What is the radius of curvature?
CP PHYSICS, OPTICS CALCULATIONS I, page 2
7.
An object is placed 25.0 cm away from a concave mirror that has a focal length of 5.0 cm.
Where is the image located?
8.
If the object in #7 is 3.0 cm high, what size is its image?
9.
A 5.0 cm tall object is placed 20.0 cm from a converging lens with a 10.0 cm focal length.
a)
Where is the image located?
b)
10.
How tall is the image?
A diverging lens with a focal length of 15.0 cm produces a virtual image of an object 8.0 cm
from the lens. Where is the object located?