Eco-efficient cements made with activated paper sludge wastes
Authors: M. Frías*, I. Vegas, R. Vigil, R. García.
(* Corresponding author:mfrias@ietcc.csic.es)
The cement manufacturing process, because of its nature, is one of the major
industries that release large amounts of greenhouse gases. It is estimated that
releases between 800-1000 kg of CO2 per ton of clinker into the atmosphere.
One of its priorities is the search for new materials that can be used as active
additions, which have a direct impact on reducing gas pollutants.
Recently, the Council of Ministers of the EU has adopted a directive that will
introduce more stringent limits in order to reduce industrial emissions from 2016,
and also wants to improve the health of the citizens as well as environmental
protection.
According to their intrinsic composition, paper sludge wastes can be used in
many different ways such as agriculture, ceramics or even as an alternative
combustible. During the last decade, a group of researchers from different
Spanish institutions (Instituto Eduardo Torroja CSIC, Tecnalia and Universidad
Autónoma de Madrid) have established the scientific, technical and
environmental bases for the use of thermally activated paper sludges as
pozzolanic additions in order to obtain ecoefficient portland cement
manufacture.
According to available data in Europe, its said that around 2.5 million tons of
paper de-inking sludges are produced annually. These sludges are classified
as inert wastes and for this reason, in most of countries are deposited in
landfills with consequent environmental and social problems.
The chapter of the book address the following concepts
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Characterization of paper de-inking sludges
Activation process and its influence on the mineralogy of the activated
products
Evaluation of the pozzolanic properties of the products obtained
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Studies of reaction kinetics in various systems, pozzolan / lime and
pozzolan / cement
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Physical-mechanical behavior of the new cements
Aspects of durability
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