Citations for Scales included in the Measuring Morality Survey
Last updated 1-9-13
Note that (almost) all scales are either a) scales in development, or b) shortened
versions of published scales. Any scale that was shortened was modified by the
scholar who suggested its inclusion on the survey. Citations are typically to the fullversions of these scales. Thus in publications it may be appropriate to refer to these
scales as “modified” versions of the scale to avoid confusion with the full versions.
Below are citations for each item on the survey. Blanks indicate items for which we
currently have no citation information.
Cosmopolitanism
Identity Measures
Santa Clara Strength of Religious Faith Questionnaire, Short-Form
Plante, Thomas G., and Marcus T. Boccaccini. 1997. “The Santa Clara Strength of
Religious Faith Questionnaire.” Pastoral Psychology 45(5):375–387.
Plante, Thomas G., Charlotte L. Vallaeys, Allen C. Sherman, and Kenneth A. Wallston.
2002. “The Development of a Brief Version of the Santa Clara Strength of
Religious Faith Questionnaire.” Pastoral Psychology 50(5):359–368.
The Rational/Experiential Inventory
Moral Relativism
Ethics Position Questionnaire
Items are taken from the relativism scale of the Ethics Position Questionnaire.
Forsyth, Donelson R. 1980. “A Taxonomy of Ethical Ideologies.” Journal of
Personality and Social Psychology 39(1):175–184.
Lakoff Scales
Wehling, Elisabeth, Matthew Feinberg, Laura Saslow, Ingrid Melvaer, and George
Lakoff. n.d. “A Moral House Divided: How Idealized Parenting Values Explain
Political Ideology.”
Dispositional Positive Emotion Scale
Shiota, Michelle N., Dacher Keltner, and Oliver P. John. 2006. “Positive emotion
dispositions differentially associated with Big Five personality and
attachment style.” The Journal of Positive Psychology 1(2):61–71.
Defining Issues Test (DIT)
Moralization of Everyday Life Scale
Lovett, Benjamin J., Alexander H. Jordan, and Scott S. Wiltermuth. 2012. “Individual
Differences in the Moralization of Everyday Life.” Ethics and Behavior.
Moralization of Politics Scale
Skitka, Linda J. 2012. The Moralization of Politics Scale. University of Illinois at
Chicago (unpublished).
Moral Foundations Sacredness Scale – Short Version
Graham, Jesse, and Jonathan Haidt. 2012. “Sacred values and evil adversaries: A
moral foundations approach.” in The Social Psychology of Morality: Exploring
the Causes of Good and Evil, edited by P. Shaver and M. Mikulincer. New York:
APA Books.
Moral Identity
Aquino, Karl, and Americus II Reed. 2002. “The self-importance of moral identity.”
Journal of Personality and Social Psychology 83(6):1423–1440.
Close Relationship Questionnaire
The Integrity Scale
Schlenker, Barry R. 2008. “Integrity and Character: Implications of Principled and
Expedient Ethical Ideologies.” Journal of Social and Clinical Psychology
27(10):1078–1125.
Schwartz Values (Portrait Values Questionnaire)
Schwartz, Shalom H. et al. 2001. “Extending the Cross-Cultural Validity of the Theory
of Basic Human Values with a Different Method of Measurement.” Journal of
Cross-Cultural Psychology 32(5):519–542.
Triune Ethics Theory (TET) Identities
Narvaez, Darcia, Jeff Brooks, and Sam Hardy. 2012. “A Multidimensional Approach
to Moral Identity: Early Life Experience, Prosocial Personality, and Moral
Outcomes.” Under review.
Narvaez, Darcia, Jeff Brooks, and Brad Mattan. 2011. “Triune Ethics Moral Identities
are Shaped by Attachment, Personality Factors and Influence Moral
Behavior.” in Annual meeting for the Society for Personality and Social
Psychology. San Antonio, T.X.
Moral Dilemma – Trolley
Ethical Values Assessment
This paper outlines the background for the scale, but does not use the scale:
Jensen, Lene Arnett. 2011. “The Cultural Development of Three Fundamental Moral
Ethics: Autonomy, Commuity, and Divinity.” Zygon 46(1):150–167.
Dictator Game
A meta study of dictator games, with references to the first published account:
Engel, Christoph. 2011. “Dictator Games: A Meta Study.” Experimental Economics
14(4):583–610.