5th 6 weeks Review
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SPI 3210.5.1 Compare and contrast the structural, functional and behavioral
adaptations of animals or plants found in different environments.
Adaptation- a feature that makes a species better suited to live and
reproduce in their environment, gives a competitive advantage.
Structural adaptation-physical features that have evolved to enable the
species to survive in their specific environment like the beaks of Darwin’s
finches. They evolved beaks that were specialized to their specific niche.
Large ears on a jackrabbit to help release body heat in the extreme heat of
the desert.
Functional adaptation-A feature that evolves that helps a species function
better in their specific environment. Darwin’s tortoises neck length. Blubber
on whales or polar bears to maintain body heat in the extremely cold waters
of the Arctic, also having Large number of red blood cells in higher altitudes
to deliver more oxygen to vital organs
Behavioral adaptation-A feature that can either enhance survival or
reproduction. Male species will perform a mating ritual that is behavioral.
Animals will hunt at night to avoid the heat of the day.
Co-evolution-This is like extreme mutualism. Two species evolve together.
Each species changes because of the changes in the other.
SPI 3210.5.2 recognize the relationship between form and function in living
things.
Evolution-a gradual accumulation of change over time within a population, as
a result of natural selection. These changes are favorable and will be passed
on to future generations leading to new sub-species.
Homologous Structure-Structures that perform the same function in different
species and evolved from the same ancestor. (Darwin’s Finches)
Vertebrate-Backbone/Spinal Column in Animals.
Analogous Structure- are features of different species that are similar in
function but not from a common ancestor. Wings of Bat/Insect/Bird
Vestigial Structure- An organ that was once useful in an animal’s
evolutionary past, but now has no function today. Examples: Blind Mole Rat,
Legs on a Skink, Pelvic Bone in Snakes/Whales
Embryo- Human: A fertilized egg that has begun cell division
Embryology - the development of animals and plants from fertilization to
birth/hatching.
SPI 3210.5.3 recognize the relationships among environmental change,
genetic variation, natural selection, and the emergence of a new species.
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SPI 3210.5.4 describe the relationship between the amount of biodiversity
and the ability of a population to adapt to a changing environment.
Species-a group of organisms capable of interbreeding and producing
offspring. Belong to the same kingdom, phylum, class, order, family, and
genus.
Speciation- gradual changes over time in which one species evolves into a
different species.
Natural Selection-favorable variations for a species to survive, reproduce,
and pass on traits to future generations.
Population- a group of organisms within the same species relatively isolated
from other groups within the same species.
Directional SelectionDisruptive Selection
Stabilizing selection
Population
Biodiversity
Divergent Evolution-Highly distinct species were once both similar to an
ancestral species, however these different species evolve from an original
species. Each species is adapted to a different available niche.
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Convergent Evolution- Unrelated species develop characteristics similar to
each other. Example: Shark/Dolphin and the Anteater/Armadillo
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SPI 3210.5.5 Apply evidence from the fossil record, comparative anatomy,
amino acid sequences and DNA structure that support modern classification
systems.
SPI 3210.5.6 Infer relatedness among different organisms using modern
classification systems.
Taxonomy-is the practice and science of classifying organisms.
Domain-There are three domains Archaea, Bacteria and Eukarya
Kingdom-There are six kingdoms Animalia, Plantae, Fungi, Protista, and
Prokaryota or Monera
Heterotroph-Consumer that feeds on organic matter for energy.
Autotroph-Producer that makes it own food through photosynthesis.
Binomial Nomenclature- involves organizing an organism's scientific name
into a combination of two terms. These terms are the genus name and the
species.
Genus-Capitalized Latin name that always comes before species in taxonomy
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Phylogeny- The evolutionary history of a taxonomic group of organisms.
Often thought of as the tree of life.
Fossil- preserved evidence of life from a past geological age, such as the
impressions and remains of organisms embedded in stratified rocks.
Phylogenetic Tree Also known as a Cladogram- a diagram depicting patterns of
shared characteristics of various organisms
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