Biological Macromolecules Study Guide Will Hodge What are the six

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Biological Macromolecules Study Guide
Will Hodge
What are the six fundamental elements for life?
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State what each of the following biological molecules function is:
Carbohydrate_________________________________________________________________
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Lipids_________________________________________________________________
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Proteins_________________________________________________________________
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Nucleic Acids_________________________________________________________________
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Define dehydration reaction. What comes in/out of the process? Draw it below.
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What is hydrolysis? What comes in/out of hydrolysis? Draw the process below.
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Carbohydrates:
What is the carbohydrate monomer?
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What elements make up the monomer?
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What two groups are in a carbohydrate? What does each group do?
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Glucose and fructose are isomers. What is an isomer?
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What defining property does a carbohydrate have that shows it’s a sugar?
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Draw the carbohydrate monomer and how it bonds with another monomer.
What are polysaccharides and what do they do? (Example: Starch)
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Carbohydrates are mostly: (Circle)
Hydrophobic
Hydrophilic
Lipids:
What is a fat made up of? _________________ and fatty acids. What elements
are they made up of?
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What does a fatty acid consist of?
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What is the difference between saturated and unsaturated fats?
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Why are saturated solid at room temperature while unsaturated fats aren’t?
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What are phospholipids? What makes them different than fats?
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Proteins:
What is the protein monomer?
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What elements are in the protein monomer?
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What are the three groups of the protein monomer?
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Draw the protein monomer below. Also draw how it connects with other
monomers.
How many different amino acids are there?
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What is the significance of the R group?
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Is the protein monomer: (Circle) Hydrophobic
Hydrophilic
What determines if the protein monomer is hydrophobic or hydrophilic?
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How does dehydration work with protein monomers?
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Define peptide bond.
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What determines the function of the protein?
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What is denaturation? When would it occur?
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*What are the 4 levels of protein structure?
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What do enzymes do? (Use energy barrier in answer)
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What is a substrate?
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What’s a substrate’s active site? What is its purpose?
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Does an enzyme change after regulating a reaction?
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Which of the following environments make a typical enzyme work best? (Circle)
Temperature (C)
0
37
100
pH level
2
7
10
Nucleic Acids:
What is a gene?
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What is the nucleic acid monomer? What elements make up these monomers?
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State what the 3 parts of that monomer are.
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What is the difference between DNA and RNA? (Bonus points for knowing what
they stand for)
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What are the nitrogenous bases of DNA? How do they pair up?
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What are the nitrogenous bases of RNA? How do they pair up?
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Structures:
State what macromolecules each of the following structures are.
What is this?
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What is this?
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What is this?
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What is this?
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Food Activity:
You are testing Solution A for starches, sugars, and proteins.
Qwerty shows starches, Asdf shows sugars, and Zxcv shows proteins.
After testing, you gathered the following results.
Solution A
Positive Control
Negative Control
Qwerty
Pink
Brown
Pink
Asdf
Blue
Blue
Green
Zxcv
Orange
Orange
Black
What macromolecules are in Solution A?
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What’s the purpose of positive and negative controls?
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Bonus Question:
Draw the double helix of DNA (accurately)
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