Name:
Matter and Energy within Cycles Unit Test Review
1. Complete Terms
Biomass
Description
Organic material made form once living
plants and animals
Diagram/Example
Element
A pure substance which contains only one
kind of atom
Nitrogen Cycle
Shows how nitrogen moves through an ecosystem
Groundwater
Water beneath the Earth’s surface
Organic
Compound that contains carbon that is bonded to another carbon or to
hydrogen
Aquifer
A body of rock or sediment that stores
water underground
Carbon Cycle
The transfer between carbon in the atmosphere (CO2) and carbon in
living or once living things
Compound
A molecule made of 2 or more different elements that are chemically
bonded
Inorganic
Includes substances that are formed in the abiotic parts of an
environment **may or may not have carbon ex: CO2
Mixture
Two or more substances that have not been chemically bonded and can
be separated by physical means
Molecule
Two or more atoms join together
chemically
Soil Permeability
The measure of a material’s ability to let
water flow
Surface water
All the bodies of water above Earth’s
surface
Water table
Upper surface of underground water
Watershed
The land that water flows across, through, or under land on its way to a
stream, river or lake
2. Details to pay attention to: Label each arrow with the process that it represents.
Next to each arrow write the matter that is being cycled.
Word Bank
Matter:
CO2 O2
CO2 O2
CO2
CO2
H2O
H2O
H2O
CO2
C6H12O6
All Matter
C6H12O6
All matter
Fossil Fuels
Process:
Decay of Biomass
Respiration
Photosynthesis
Burning
CO2
decay of
biomass
3. Identify these parts
of the watershed:
water table
groundwater
surface water
aquifer
well
aquifer
well
surface water
groundwater
https://johncornacchia.files.wordpress.com/2010/11/aquifer.jpg
water table
4. Use the diagrams to answer the following questions….
1. What is the significance of the
evaporation of water from plants?
Transpiration adds water to the water cycle. a
large percentage of water that cycle
through the water cycle is from the
evaporation of water from plants
2. Where does the water that soaks into
the ground go?
Into an aquifer; becomes groundwater
3. Why is soil permeability important for
the aquifer? Permeable soil allows the
aquifer to gain more water (recharge)
For each of the questions below,
compare the natural and urban
ecosystem in terms of…
1. …the percentage of runoff.
Runoff is lower by 45%; More runoff in
urban location
Urban/City location
2. Give a reason to support your answer
from above.
Ground cover prevents runoff and
increases absorption of water into the
ground. More concrete and
development=less permeable material
and more runoff
3. …quality of water
Assumption: urban has lesser quality of water
because of surface pollution (chemicals,
gasoline, oils, etc.) due to the number of
people and industry
4. …effects on the aquifer
In the natural area with greater absorption the
aquifer will fill faster.
5. …topography of the land above the
aquifer -OMIT
5. What is the relationship between pollution and a watershed?
Pollution can travel through a watershed to other areas in the same watershed .
6. What is the relationship between pollution and groundwater?
Pollution on the surface can run off into surface water and then be absorbed into
groundwater. Rain can also cause pollution to sink into groundwater.
7. What valuable lessons did we learn during our Fred the Fish Activity? Be sure to include
pollution and toxins when answering the question.
Pollution and toxins that get into a river will affect all the areas and wildlife downstream.
8. What role does water conservation need to play in our daily lives? Why?
We need to not waste or pollute our natural resources that we depend on .
Photosynthesis Equation and Summary:
9. Photosynthesis:
6CO2 + 6H2O
C6H12O6 + 6O2
Plants use 6 molecules of carbon dioxide and 6
molecules of water, in reaction with sunlight, to
produce one molecule of glucose. They release 6
molecules of oxygen.
10. Terms
Chemical Energy
Radiant Energy
Thermal Energy
Description or Diagram
The type of energy found in food; can be
released later. Energy that happens during a
chemical reaction
Light energy
Heat energy
11. What other forms of energy are there? Give an example of an energy transformation.
Mechanical, sound
Light
12. Terms
Chemical (photosynthesis)
Description
Picture
Biomass
ON FRONT PAGE
Biomass pyramid
OMIT
13. What is composting? What is the value that can be obtained from it?
The process of creating ideal conditions for the decay of biomass; creates a natural fertilizer/ soil
conditioner; prevents valuable organic material from ending up in landfills; improves the quality of soil;
produces plants that are resistant to pests; reduces the need to water as much
14. Sketch a diagram of the Nitrogen Cycle. Include a summary of the function of the cycle.
Nitrogen in the atmosphere (N2) becomes usable by plants during nitrogen fixation. Nitrogen can be “fixed” with the
energy of lightning. There are also nitrogen fixing bacteria in the soil which can make nitrogen usable by plants.
Animals get the nitrogen they need by eating plants or eating animals that have eaten plants.