Study guide for Evolution Unit
Name:________________________________________ period_____
EARLY EARTH
1. When was the Earth formed?
2. When was the first life on Earth?
3. Describe the progression from the first cell to the first multicellular simple sponge. (Describe the
first cell, and then the organisms that evolved along the way)
4. Describe the atmosphere of the early Earth. What caused it to change?
5. Explain the results and significance of the Miller-Urey Experiment as well as the Pasteur and Redi
experiments.
NATURAL SELECTION
1. Compare and Contrast Darwin and Lamarck.
2. Explain how species evolve using Darwinian logic. (natural selection leading to speciation) Be sure to
include the concepts of:
a. Competiton
b. Variation/Mutation
c. Gene Pool
d. Survival and Reproduction
e. Selective Pressure
f. SPECIATION- be specific
3. Explain what causes each of the following and draw a graphic representation of each:
a. Normal/Stabilizing Selection
b. Directional Selection
c. Disruptive Selection
4. What is the evidence for evolution?
5. What are:
a. Homologous structures
b. Analogous structures
c. Vestigial structures
MECHANISMS OF EVOLUTION
1. Explain the criteria that must be met to keep a population in a Hardy-Weinberg Equilibrium.
2. Given some info about a population, be able to calculate the ALLELE FREQUENCIES and GENOTYPIC
FREQUENCIES for that population.
3. What kinds of things could happen to a population to knock it OUT of a HW equilibrium (Mechanisms
of Evolution)
6. Explain how the bottleneck effect and founder effect affect a population.
7. What is gene flow? Genetic Drift? How do they affect a population?
8. How will a population in a HW equilibrium change over generations? One that is NOT in equilibrium???
Hardy Weinberg Problems- SHOW ALL WORK and ORGANIZE answers NEATLY!!!!
Define the following FROM MEMORY:
P=
Q=
P2=
Q2=
2pq=
1. In a population, 16% of the individuals have a straight hairline. This condition is recessive.
Using this information, calculate the allelic frequencies and genotypic frequencies for this
population if it is at a Hardy-Weinberg equilibrium.
2. In a population with 2 alleles for a particular trait (B and b), the frequency of B is 0.7. Within
this population, 48% of the individuals are heterozygous for this condition. Is this population at a
Hardy-Weinberg Equilibrium? Why or why not?