CAMERA TYPES
 FILM CAMERAS
1. SLR (single lens reflex)
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Single Lens — The camera uses one lens for both taking
and viewing. In other words you look through the same lens
as the camera uses to expose the film or sensor
Reflex — Refers to the mirror and its movement that makes
the use of a single lens possible.
When looking into the viewfinder of an SLR camera, you are
looking through the lens via a mirror that blocks the shutter
mechanism, which in turn blocks the film.
SLR uses 35 mm film
2. TLR (twin lens reflex)
 Twin Lens — The camera uses two equal lenses, one
for viewing and for taking.
 Reflex — Refers to the mirror used behind the viewing
lens to make focusing possible.
Twin
 Lens Reflex (TLR) cameras normally consist of two equally
constructed
lenses with equal focal length and equal "speed".
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They are mounted in the front of the case, and their focusing is
synchronized so that they are always focused on the same
distance. The difference is that the one lens projects the incoming
image via mirror up to the reflex finder's ground glass whilst the
other lens projects the image into the camera's dark chamber
onto the film plane.
TLR usually uses 120 size film
3. Box Camera
The box camera is a camera in its simplest form. The form of the
classic box camera is no more than a cardboard or plastic box
with a lens in one end and film at the other. A simple box camera
has only a single fixed focus lens and usually lacks control of
aperture and shutter speeds.
Box cameras usually used 120 film
4. Instant Film Camera
An Instant camera is a camera that allows chemical development
of an exposed piece of film inside the camera or triggered by the
camera. Modern instant cameras use instant film. Therefore they
have inbuilt mechanical features to trigger the self-development of
each image after exposure. The most popular brand of instant
camera is Polaroid.
Polaroid “instant film”
5. Large Format Camera
Large format camera means a camera that uses film that is
generally at least 4x5 inches. Exposures on a large-format
camera are made one at a time, using film loaded into film
holders.
Large format cameras film cartridges
6. Medium Format Camera
Medium format has traditionally referred to a film format in still
photography and the related cameras and equipment that use film
size 120 or 220. The main benefit of medium format photography
is that, because of the larger size of the film, images of much
higher resolution can be produced.
Medium format cameras usually use 120 film
7. Point and Shoot Camera
Point and shoot cameras are fully automatic cameras intended
to be used without any concern for settings. Most modern pointand-shoot cameras use autofocus.
Most Point and shoot cameras use 35mm film
 DIGITAL CAMERAS
Digital cameras have only optical elements like the lenses in
common with traditional film cameras. They use an optoelectronic
chip - often a (CCD) - instead of film. The lens projects the picture
onto the CCD. The signals for brightness and color of each
singular smallest unit of the chip (pixel) are transferred into a
digital memory device (memory card)
Digital cameras use memory cards instead of film
1. Digital Point and Shoot
Point and shoot cameras are fully automatic cameras intended
to be used without any concern for settings. Most modern pointand-shoot cameras use autofocus
2. Digital SLR (DSLR)
Digital single lens reflex cameras (DSLRs) combine the
advantages of SLRs with those of digital cameras since they have
an image sensor instead of a film in the image plane, and a digital
image memory.
Identify the following cameras/film types:
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California State Framework Standards:
2.3 Develop arid refine skill in the manipulation of digital imagery (either still or video).
3.2 Identify and describe the role and influence of new technologies on contemporary works of art.
5.4 Investigate and report on the essential features of modern or emerging technologies that affect or will affect visual artists
and the definition of the visual arts.