Assignment: weather and climate 2
1.
During the warmest part of a June day, breezes blow from the ocean toward the shore at a beach. Which statement best explains why this happens?
1.
Winds usually blow from hot to cold areas.
2.
Winds never blow from the shore toward the ocean.
3.
Air pressure over the ocean is higher than air pressure over the land.
4.
Air pressure over the land is higher than air pressure over the ocean.
2.
During winter, Lake Ontario is generally warmer than adjacent land areas. The primary reason for this temperature difference is that
1.
water has a higher specific heat than land has
2.
water reflects sunlight better than land does
3.
land is more dense than water is
4.
winds blow from land areas toward the water
3.
Compared to a coastal location of the same elevation and latitude, an inland location is likely to have
1.
warmer summers and cooler winters
2.
warmer summers and warmer winters
3.
cooler summers and cooler winters
4.
cooler summers and warmer winters
4.
How do the rates of warming and cooling of land surfaces compare to the rates of warming and cooling of ocean surfaces?
1.
Land surfaces warm faster and cool more slowly.
2.
Land surfaces warm more slowly and cool faster.
3.
Land surfaces warm faster and cool faster.
4.
Land surface warm more slowly and cool more slowly.

5.
Which factor most likely causes two cities at the same elevation and latitude to have different yearly average temperature ranges?
1.
rotation of Earth
2.
duration of insolation
3.
distance from a large body of water
4.
direction of prevailing winds
6.
In the diagram of a mountain, locations A and B have the same elevation.
Compared to the climate at location A , the climate at location B will be
1.
warmer and drier
2.
cooler and drier
3.
warmer and wetter
4.
cooler and wetter
7.
The diagram shows the positions of the cities of Seattle and Spokane, Washington. Both cities are located at approximately 48° N latitude, and they are separated by the Cascade Mountains.

How does the climate of Seattle compare with the climate of Spokane?
1.
Seattle–hot and dry; Spokane–cool and humid
2.
Seattle–hot and humid; Spokane–cool and dry
3.
Seattle–cool and humid; Spokane–warm and dry
4.
Seattle–cool and dry; Spokane–warm and humid
8.
At which latitudes do currents of dry, sinking air cause the dry conditions of Earth's major deserts?
1.
0° and 30° N
2.
60° N and 60° S
3.
30° N and 30° S
4.
60° S and 90° S
9.
The California Ocean Current, which flows along the west coast of North America, is a
1.
cool current, flowing north
2.
cool current, flowing south
3.
warm current, flowing north
4.
warm current, flowing south
10.
Base your answer to the question on the diagram below, which represents the planetary wind and moisture belts in Earth’s Northern Hemisphere.

The climate at 90° north latitude is dry because the air at that location is usually
1.
warm and rising
2.
warm and sinking
3.
cool and rising
4.
cool and sinking
11.
Which two ocean currents are both warm currents that primarily flow away from the equator?
1.
Guinea Current and Labrador Current
2.
Brazil Current and Agulhas Current
3.
Alaska Current and Falkland Current
4.
Canary Current and Gulf Stream Current
12.
In the Northern Hemisphere, planetary winds blowing from north to south are deflected, or curved, toward the west. This deflection is caused by the
1.
unequal heating of land and water surfaces
2.
movement of low-pressure weather systems
3.
orbiting of Earth around the Sun
4.
spinning of Earth on its axis
13.
Most of the Gulf Stream Ocean Current is
1.
warm water that flows southwestward
2.
warm water that flows northeastward

3.
cool water that flows southwestward
4.
cool water that flows northeastward
14.
Large oceans moderate the climatic temperatures of surrounding coastal land areas because the temperature of ocean water changes
1.
rapidly, due to water’s low specific heat
2.
rapidly, due to water’s high specific heat
3.
slowly, due to water’s low specific heat
4.
slowly, due to water’s high specific heat
15.
Which ocean current brings warm water to the western coast of Africa?
1.
Agulhas Current
2.
North Equatorial Current
3.
Canary Current
4.
Guinea Current
16.
Which graph best represents the general relationship between latitude and average surface temperature?
1.
3.

2.
17.
4.
The diagram shows air movements associated with cumulus cloud formation over a lake during a summer day. A , B , C , and D are reference points.
Air rises from point A toward point B and forms clouds mainly because the air at point A has a
1.
cool temperature and low water-vapor content
2.
cool temperature and high water-vapor content
3.
warm temperature and low water-vapor content
4.
warm temperature and high water-vapor content
18.
Rain falls from a cloud because
1.
too few condensation nuclei are in the cloud
2.
the cloud's water droplets combine and become large enough to fall

3.
evaporation in the upper portion of the cloud causes the cloud to become smaller and
"squeezes" water out
4.
the temperature in the cloud rises above the dewpoint
19.
The cross section below shows how prevailing winds have caused different climates on the windward and leeward sides of a mountain range.
Why does the windward side of this mountain have a wet climate?
1.
Rising air compresses and cools, causing the water droplets to evaporate.
2.
Rising air compresses and warms, causing the water vapor to condense.
3.
Rising air expands and cools, causing the water vapor to condense.
4.
Rising air expands and warms, causing the water droplets to evaporate.
20.
The map below shows the location of four cities, A , B , C , and D , in the western United States where prevailing winds are from the southwest.

Which city most likely receives the least amount of average yearly precipitation?
1.
A
2.
B
3.
C
4.
D
21.
Base your answer to the question on the cross section below, which shows a typical cold front moving over New York State in early summer.

Explain why the warm, moist air is rising at the frontal boundary.
22.
Base your answer to this question on the cross section below, which shows two weather fronts moving across New York State. Lines X and Y represent frontal boundaries. The large arrows show the general direction the air masses are moving. The smaller arrows show the general direction warm, moist air is moving over the frontal boundaries.
Explain why the warm, moist air rises over the frontal boundaries.
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