Organisms- domain and all elements (usatestprep)2012
ADP
ATP Cycle
Aerobic
Autotroph
Calorie
Calvin Cycle
Carnivore
Cellular
Respiration
Detritivore
Decomposer
Fermentation
Glycolysis
Krebs Cycle
Nitrogen Cycle
Food Chain
Herbivore
Kreb's Cycle
Nitrogen
Fixation
Photosynthesis Phylogeny
Protists
Research
Anaerobic
Available
Oxygen
Calvin Cycle
Animalia
Binomial
Nomenclature
Carbohydrate
Archaebacteria
Biogeochemical
Cycle
Carbon Cycle
ATP
Biomass
Chlorophyll
Class
Classification
Carbon
Dioxide
Consumer
Digestive
System
Food Pyramid
Heterotroph
Linnaeus
Omnivore
Energy Pyramid
Eubacteria
Family
Food Web
Hydrologic Cycle
Lipid
Order
Fungi
Internal Cycling
Metabolism
Oxygen Cycle
Phylum
Six Kingdom
System
Plant
Species
Producer
Taxonomy
Genus
Kingdom
Nitrogen
Phosphorus
Cycle
Protein
Water Cycle
ADP- This is short for adenosine diphosphate. An organic compound that is composed of adenosine and
two phosphate groups. With the addition of another phosphate group, it is converted to ATP for the
storage of energy during cell metabolism. It then forms again, from ATP, when a phosphate group is
removed to release energy
Aerobic- This is a biological process that requires oxygen.
Anaerobic- This is a simple biological process not requiring oxygen.
Animalia- A major group of organisms, that are, in general, multicellular, capable of locomotion and
responsive to their environment, and feed by consuming other organisms.
Archaebacteria- This is the kingdom of unicellular prokaryotes that have cell walls without
peptidoglycan.
ATP- This is the main energy storage and transfer molecule in the cell.
ATP Cycle- This is the name applied to the cycle by which ATP are broken down to ADP with the release
of energy, and the regeneration of ATP from ADP through the process of phosphorylation.
Autotroph- This is an organism that obtains its energy from inorganic substances or from the sun.
Available Oxygen -This is the amount of oxygen present at a specific time that can be used in aerobic
cellular respiration.
Binomial Nomenclature- This is the naming system Linneaus gave to living things, which uses the Latin
name for the organism's genus and species.
Biogeochemical Cycle- A pathway by which a chemical element or molecule moves through both biotic
and abiotic compartments of an ecosystem.
Biomass This is the total amount of all living things within a specific area.
Calorie -The amount of energy required to raise the temperature of 1 gram of water by 1-Celsius degree.
Calvin Cycle*- This is the second step of photosynthesis, where a plant makes sugars and starches from
carbon dioxide and ATP.
Calvin Cycle- This is a series of chemical reactions that take place in the chloroplasts and occur as part of
the dark reactions of photosynthesis.
Carbohydrate- This is a compound made up of carbon, hydrogen, and oxygen atoms; it is used by cells to
store and release energy. Sugars are made by chloroplasts through photosynthesis and consumed by
mitochondria through cell respiration.
Carbon Cycle- These are the components of the reservoirs of carbon that are exchanged in our
environment.
Carbon Dioxide- This is the gas produced as a result of respiration.
Carnivore- This is an organism that gets energy by eating meat, living or dead.
Cellular Respiration- This is the process that releases energy by breaking down food molecules in the
presence of oxygen.
Chlorophyll- This is a green pigment in chloroplasts that traps light energy from the sun.
Class- This is between Phylum and Order in Biological Classification scheme.
Classification- Placing an organism in sets of categories based on its characteristics.
Consumer -This is an organism that relies on other organisms for its food and energy supply; also called
a heterotroph.
Decomposer- This is an organism that breaks down and gains nutrients from dead organisms.
Detritivore- This is a heterotrophic organism that consumes dead or decayed tissue and helps to recycle
nutrients in an ecosystem.
Digestive System- This system prepares food for cellular utilization.
Energy Pyramid- This display graphically shows the energy that is available at each trophic level in a a
food chain.
Eubacteria- This is the kingdom of unicellular prokaryotes that have cell walls with peptidoglycan.
Family -In biological classification, this is one of the most important ranks. It is more specific than Order,
but less than Genus.
Fermentation -The process by which cells release energy in the absence of oxygen.
Food Chain- This is a path for the transfer of matter and energy through an ecosystem by eating and
being eaten.
Food Pyramid- This is a graphical representation to show the biomass or energy available at each trophic
level in a ecosystem.
Food Web- A representation of the linkages between food chains in a community.
Fungi -This is the kingdom of heterotrophs that obtain energy and nutrients from dead and decaying
organic matter.
Genus- In the classification system, this is a group of organisms with one or more related species.
Glycolysis- This is the anaerobic process that splits glucose into two molecules of pyruvic acid.
Herbivore- This is an organism that gains energy by eating only plants.
Heterotroph- This is an organism that relies on complex organic substances for nutrition.
Hydrologic Cycle- This is the continuous circulation of water throughout Earth and between Earth's
systems. During this movement water can be in various stages.
Internal Cycling- This is the cycling of nutrients among soil, litter, plant roots, and above-ground plant
parts.
Kingdom- In (Linnaean) biological taxonomy, this is the highest level of scientific classification of
organisms.
Krebs Cycle- Point in cellular respiration where pyruvic acid breaks down into carbon dioxide and water
to help produce energy.
Kreb's Cycle*- This is the second stage of cellular respiration and takes place in the mitochondrial matrix.
During this stage the decomposition of pyruvate to carbon dioxide is completed
Linnaeus- This scientist is known as the father of modern taxonomy due to his development of binomial
nomenclature.
Lipid- A macromolecule made up of mainly carbon and hydrogen atoms that is primarily used for energy
storage and in cell membranes.
Metabolism- These are all biochemical processes of an organism.
Nitrogen- An element that the main component of atmospheric air and plays an important role in any
ecosystem: this is needed by all organisms to form proteins, ATP, and nucleic acids.
Nitrogen Cycle -This is a biogeochemical cycle in which nitrogen is converted from its inert atmospheric
molecular form (N2) into a form that is useful in biological processes. The cycle includes fixation,
nitrification, assimilation, ammonification, and finally denitrification, when nitrogen is returned to the
atmosphere.
Nitrogen Fixation -This is the the biological process by which nitrogen (N2) in the atmosphere is
converted into ammonia by certain prokaryotes.
Omnivore- This is an organism obtains energy by eating both plants and animals.
Order -Between Family and Class in scientific classification scheme
Oxygen Cycle- These are the components of the reservoirs of oxygen that are exchanged in our
environment.
Phosphorus Cycle- This is one of the biogeochemical cycles; it is entirely sedimentary, with reserves of
the element coming from phosphate rock and it enters biological cycles through photosynthesis.
Photosynthesis- This is a chemical process that uses light to process carbon dioxide in plants.
Phylogeny- This is the evolutionary history of a species or group of related species.
Phylum- The second highest taxonomic classification between kingdom and class.
Plant -This is any living thing without the power of locomotion that obtain energy from sunlight or make
their own food.
Producer- This is an organism that supplies matter and energy, also known as an autotroph.
Protein- A macromolecule that contains carbon, hydrogen, oxygen, and nitrogen, which is used by the
body for growth and repair.
Protists- These are living organisms; simple eukaryotes; they may be single-cellular, colonial or
multicellular.
Research- This is what people do when they are searching for information. People often look in more
than one location.
Six Kingdom System- This is the newest classification system with the highest rank of domain, followed
by kingdom. There are three domains; one eukaryotic domain and two prokaryotic domains.
Species- These are groups of reproducing populations that are isolated from other groups.
Taxonomy- This is the study of grouping and naming organisms.
Water Cycle- This is the circulation of water between land, air and surface.