Robotics
Robots are the devices that can move and uses sensors as the input. Robotics is
also one branch of Artificial Intelligence. Robots are very useful in areas that are
harmful for human health like cleaning toxic wastes and also in high precision
areas like riveting and welding. Robots are very useful to make life easier but still
they are not very useful to perform every days tasks because they are still very
clumsy to do ordinary house holds things. Artificial Intelligence is very main thing
working behind the robots. Robots working in assembly line make process fast but
there is no consensus that weather it can be intelligent.
Artificial intelligence is very hard to define just like the word “robot”.
Creating a Humanoid robot is like recreating the human from beginning. This
process will include to learn just about everything. The ability to use language, the
ability to reason and also the ability to formulate original ideas.
Artificial
Intelligence and Robotics are two area that are very closely related which fall
under computer science. Artificial Intelligence and robotics design computers and
machines that are just similar to humans but very little human involvements.
Robotics are just the machine with moving parts, but the things that works behind
is Artificial Intelligence. Artificial Intelligence is defined as the capacity of a
computer to perform operations and make decisions like humans by a program for
perception and recognition shapes in computer vision system. In 1956 this term
was created by john McCarthy at Massachusetts Institute of Technology. Some of
the areas of specialization are Game playing, Expert System, Natural Language,
Neural networks and Robotics. In the Game playing IBM create a super computer
in May,1997 called Deep Blue that defeated Gary Kasparov who was the chess
champion in that time. There are some places like in neural networks where these
Artificial systems are used but these are very expensive at this point. Voice
Recognition and Natural Language system are also one of the kind that we can
easily see in computers and in our smart phones. It is little slower but will be faster
in future.
In 1921 Robot was coined by Czech playwright Karl Capek in his play
Rossum's Universal Robots that was opened in Prague. The work Robota means
forced labor. The word Robotics was made by the writer named Isaac Asimov. He
wrote a book science fiction that was published in 1950 states three laws of
robotics:
“1. A robot may not injure a human being, or, through inaction, allow a human
being to come to harm.
2. A robot must obey the orders given it by human beings except where such
orders would conflict with the First Law.
3. A robot must protect its own existence as long as such protection does not
conflict with the First or Second Law.”
Robotic arm is the one of the most common manufacturing robot. The
common form of robotic arm is usually made of seven different metal segments,
these segments are connected to each other by six different joints. On each joint a
motor is connected that gets signal from computer that controls every single
movement of these arm. These computer allow them to move very precisely and
allow them to repeat the same motion again and again.
These days robots are very popular and many companies want to use it as
they are more faster and cheaper in long run. Some companies also making self
driving cars that can take you wherever you want no matter someone knows how
to drive or not. We just to enter the destination address on it and the car will figure
out the rest. Using the robots in companies will also cause lot of unemployment
issues.
As the Chart shows, In the last decade robotic automation in the manufacturing
and industrial sphere increased very fast. In 2013 the number was 179,000 robots
installed. So its like 12% of the number is increases and the numbers doubled
since previous decade.
The Carriers in robotics can be from manufacturing to teaching
of
computer science positions. Robotics technicians are also known as electromechanical technicians according to U.S. Bureau. these fields usually need just the
associate degree in robotic systems, but some of the jobs also require some formal
training. If someone need to work as robotic programming and designing them,
than master’s degree will be helpful. The report according to BLS states that
computer scientists employment is predicted to grow 15 percent from 2012 to
2022. The employees that work in computer and information research scientists
also earn minimum salary of 106,290$ in May 2013. But the robotics technician
positions will grow at much slower rate over the same period of time. They state
that the outsourcing is the bigger threat that will not open the positions in this field
but other areas the positions may increase normally.
1.
What impact did this assignment make on your understanding of the future
applications of AI in the world we live in?
I think this assignment helps to understand how the robotics system works and
how it will effect on the growth of employment. Systems like these will be very
safe to
increase the security levels. I think there will be lot of impact on
employment rate but these types of jobs pay very well.
2. In what way did your study for this paper challenge any of your assumptions?
It really challenges that make us to think beyond what we usually think about the
thing that how that thing will make difference in our thinking.
BIBLOGRAPHY
Harris, (T.H). 16 April 2002. “How robots work”.
http://science.howstuffworks.com/robot6.htm
Smith, (A.S) and Anderson (J.A). 6 August, 2014. “AI, Robotics, And The Future Jobs”
http://www.pewinternet.org/2014/08/06/future-of-jobs/
Nature Publishing Group. 27 May 2015. “Robotics: Ethics of Artificial Intelligence”
http://www.nature.com/news/robotics-ethics-of-artificial-intelligence-1.17611
Beal, (V.B). “Robotics” . http://www.webopedia.com/TERM/R/robotics.html
2012 . “Automation and robotics”
https://www.fidelityworldwideinvestment.com/middle-east/news-insight/21-centurythemes/automation-and-robotics.page
“Robotics and Artificial Intelligence”
http://study.com/directory/category/Computer_Sciences/Computer_and_Information_Sci
ences,_General/Robotics_and_Artificial_Intelligence.html