Supplementary Table S1. Characteristics of included prospective studies of dyslipidemia and colorectal cancer risk
First author, publication
Cases/subject
year (reference), Country,
(age), duration
Study design
of follow up
Agnoli et al [15], 2014,
286/850 (N/A),
All:
Italy, C-CS
15y
Triglycerides
Exposure categories (exposure/case assessment)
RR/HR (95%CI)
Matched/Adjusted potential factors
Age, gender, BMI, smoking, total physical activity,
138.84-1124.07 vs. 32.04-89.44 mg/dl (CRC)
1.32 (0.89-1.95)
alcohol consumption, dietary red meat, dietary fiber,
Total cholesterol
246.19-417.46 vs. 72.25-204.71 mg/dl (CRC)
1.66 (1.12-2.45)
and dietary calcium, and menopause status (for
HDL cholesterol
68.54-129.02 vs. 24.19-55.10 mg/dl (CRC)
0.85 (0.56-1.28)
women); stratified by center
LDL cholesterol
155.17-290.27 vs. 24.10-121.53 mg/dl (CRC)
1.87 (1.27-2.76)
Men:
Triglycerides
138.84-1124.07 vs. 32.04-89.44 mg/dl (CRC)
1.77 (0.88-3.55)
Total cholesterol
246.19-417.46 vs. 72.25-204.71 mg/dl (CRC)
2.54 (1.35-4.79)
HDL cholesterol
68.54-129.02 vs. 24.19-55.10 mg/dl (CRC)
0.69 (0.30-1.59)
LDL cholesterol
155.17-290.27 vs. 24.10-121.53 mg/dl (CRC)
2.90 (1.51-5.56)
Women
Triglycerides
138.84-1124.07 vs. 32.04-89.44 mg/dl (CRC)
1.12 (0.66-1.89)
Total cholesterol
246.19-417.46 vs. 72.25-204.71 mg/dl (CRC)
1.41 (0.83-2.39)
HDL cholesterol
68.54-129.02 vs. 24.19-55.10 mg/dl (CRC)
0.87 (0.52-1.47)
LDL cholesterol
155.17-290.27 vs. 24.10-121.53 mg/dl (CRC)
1.65 (0.97-2.78)
(Enzymatic method/cancer registry)
Strohmaier et al [18], 2013,
4,935/577,330
Men:
Age, BMI, smoking status, and stratified by cohort,
European, CS
(mean, 44y),
Total cholesterol
Q5 vs. Q1 (CC)
1.18 (0.92-1.51)
11.7y
Total cholesterol
Q5 vs. Q1 (RC)
1.09 (0.81-1.48)
Total cholesterol
Q5 vs. Q1 (CC)
1.23 (0.90-1.69)
Total cholesterol
Q5 vs. Q1 (RC)
1.48 (0.94-2.32)
fasting status, and birth year
Women:
(Enzymatic method/cancer registry)
(Continued)
Supplementary Table S1 (Continued)
First author, publication
Cases/subject
year (reference), Country,
(age), duration
Study design
of follow up
Borena et al [12], 2011,
4,984/514,097
Men:
European, CS
(mean, 44y),
Triglycerides
Q5 vs. Q1 (CC)
1.96 (1.44-2.67)
12y
Triglycerides
Q5 vs. Q1 (RC)
1.26 (0.85-1.85)
Triglycerides
Q5 vs. Q1 (CC)
1.05 (0.75-1.47)
Triglycerides
Q5 vs. Q1 (RC)
1.33 (0.84-2.13)
Exposure categories (exposure/case assessment)
RR/HR (95%CI)
Matched/Adjusted potential factors
Age, BMI, smoking status, and stratified by cohort,
fasting status, and birth year
Women:
(Enzymatic method/cancer registry)
Van Duijnhoven et al [19],
1,238/1,238
All:
Age, sex, centre, follow-up time, time of blood
2011, European, NC-CS
(mean,
Triglycerides
≥201.9 vs. <79.7 mg/dl (CRC)
1.19 (0.84-1.69)
collection, fasting status, height, weight, smoking
59.0/59.1y), 4y
Triglycerides
≥201.9 vs. <79.7 mg/dl (CC)
1.42 (0.91-2.31)
habits, physical activity, education, consumption of
Triglycerides
≥201.9 vs. <79.7 mg/dl (RC)
1.06 (0.60-1.88)
fruit, vegetables, meat, fish and alcohol, intake of
Total cholesterol
≥287.7 vs. <211.5 mg/dl (CRC)
0.68 (0.50-0.92)
fibre, energy from fat and energy from non-fat
Total cholesterol
≥287.7 vs. <211.5 mg/dl (CC)
0.66 (0.45-0.98)
Total cholesterol
≥287.7 vs. <211.5 mg/dl (RC)
0.68 (0.41-1.13)
HDL cholesterol
≥70.4 vs. <43.3 mg/dl (CRC)
0.54 (0.39-0.77)
HDL cholesterol
≥70.4 vs. <43.3 mg/dl (CC)
0.42 (0.28-0.65)
HDL cholesterol
≥70.4 vs. <43.3 mg/dl (RC)
0.79 (0.42-1.49)
LDL cholesterol
≥201.5 vs. <131.9 mg/dl (CRC)
0.73 (0.54-0.99)
LDL cholesterol
≥201.5 vs. <131.9 mg/dl (CC)
0.72 (0.48-1.08)
LDL cholesterol
≥201.5 vs. <131.9 mg/dl (RC)
0.79 (0.48-1.29)
(Enzymatic method/cancer registry)
(Continued)
Supplementary Table S1 (Continued)
First author, publication
Cases/subject
year (reference), Country,
(age), duration
Study design
of follow up
Kitahara et al [16], 2011,
1314/1,189,719
Men:
Korea, CS
(mean, 44.9y for
Total cholesterol
≥240 vs. <160 mg/dl (CC)
1.12 (1.00-1.25)
fasting serum glucose, hypertension, and physical
men/49.3y for
Total cholesterol
≥240 vs. <160 mg/dl (RC)
1.06 (0.94-1.19)
activity
women), 12.7y
Women:
Total cholesterol
≥240 vs. <160 mg/dl (CC)
1.14 (0.96-1.35)
Total cholesterol
≥240 vs. <160 mg/dl (RC)
1.13 (0.94-1.36)
Exposure categories (exposure/case assessment)
RR/HR (95%CI)
Matched/Adjusted potential factors
Age, cigarette smoking, alcohol drinking, BMI,
(N/A/cancer registry)
Inoue et al [13], 2009,
312/27,724
Men:
Age, study area, smoking status, weekly ethanol
Japan, CS
(40-69y), 10.2y
Triglycerides
≥150 vs. <150 mg/dl (CC)
1.71 (1.11-2.62)
Triglycerides
≥150 vs. <150 mg/dl (RC)
0.54 (0.26-1.11)
HDL cholesterol
≥40 vs. <40 mg/dl (CC)
1.15 (0.65-2.03)
HDL cholesterol
≥40 vs. <40 mg/dl (RC)
0.41 (0.14-1.16)
intake, and total serum cholesterol
Women:
Triglycerides
≥150 vs. <150 mg/dl (CC)
1.00 (0.63-1.60)
Triglycerides
≥150 vs. <150 mg/dl (RC)
0.52 (0.24-1.13)
HDL cholesterol
≥50 vs. <50 mg/dl (CC)
1.12 (0.74-1.71)
HDL cholesterol
≥50 vs. <50 mg/dl (RC)
1.14 (0.63-2.06)
(Enzymatic method/cancer registry)
(Continued)
Supplementary Table S1 (Continued)
First author, publication
Cases/subject
year (reference), Country,
(age), duration
Study design
of follow up
†
Exposure categories (exposure/case assessment)
RR/HR (95%CI)
Matched/Adjusted potential factors
Iso et al [21] , 2009, Japan,
320/33,368
Men:
CS
(40-69y), 12.4y
Total cholesterol
≥240 vs. <160 mg/dl (CRC)
1.10 (0.62-1.96)
Age, BMI, pack year of smoking, ethanol intake,
hypertension, diabetes, hyperlipidemia medication
Total cholesterol
≥240 vs. <160 mg/dl (CC)
1.21 (0.61-1.39)
use, total vegetable intake, coffee intake and
Total cholesterol
≥240 vs. <160 mg/dl (RC)
0.90 (0.31-2.60)
public health center
Total cholesterol
≥240 vs. <160 mg/dl (CRC)
1.64 (0.85-3.17)
Total cholesterol
≥240 vs. <160 mg/dl (CC)
1.83 (0.81-4.13)
Total cholesterol
≥240 vs. <160 mg/dl (RC)
1.36 (0.46-4.06)
Women:
(Enzymatic method/Cancer registry)
Ahn et al [20], 2009,
507/29,093
Men:
Age, intervention, level of education, systolic
Finland, CS
(50-69y), 18y
Total cholesterol
>276.6 vs. <203.9 mg/dl (CRC)
0.86 (0.65-1.13)
blood pressure, BMI, physical activity, duration of
HDL cholesterol
>55.3 vs. <36.2 mg/dl (CRC)
1.01 (0.76-1.35)
smoking, number of cigarettes smoked per day,
(Enzymatic method/Cancer registry)
saturates fat intake, polyunsaturated fat intake,
total calorie, alcohol consumption, and serum
total and HDL cholesterol for each other
†
Ahmed et al [22] , 2006,
194/14,109
All:
USA, CS
(45-64y), 11.5y
Triglycerides
Age. gender, family history of colorectal cancer,
≥150 vs. <150 mg/dl (CRC)
HDL cholesterol
High vs. Low (CRC)
(Enzymatic method/Cancer registry)
1.08 (0.8-1.5)
physical activity, non-steroidal anti-inflammatory
0.84 (0.63-1.12)
drug use, aspirin use, pack-years of cigarette use,
and grams of alcohol per week. Also adjusted for
hormone-replacement therapy in women
(Continued)
Supplementary Table S1 (Continued)
First author, publication
Cases/subject
year (reference), Country,
(age), duration
Study design
of follow up
†
Exposure categories (exposure/case assessment)
RR/HR (95%CI)
Bowers et al [23] , 2006,
410/28,983
Men:
Finland, CS
(mean, 57y),
Total cholesterol
7.15-19.50 vs. 1.94-5.27 mmol/l (CRC)
14.1y
Total cholesterol
7.15-19.50 vs. 1.94-5.27 mmol/l (CC)
1.03 (0.66-1.61)
Total cholesterol
7.15-19.50 vs. 1.94-5.27 mmol/l (RC)
0.53 (0.33-0.84)
HDL cholesterol
1.44-3.60 vs. 0.20-0.93 mmol/l (CRC)
HDL cholesterol
1.44-3.60 vs. 0.20-0.93 mmol/l (CC)
1.05 (0.69-1.62)
HDL cholesterol
1.44-3.60 vs. 0.20-0.93 mmol/l (RC)
1.04 (0.64-1.69)
Matched/Adjusted potential factors
Age, number of cigarettes smoked per day, and BMI
(HDL cholesterol)
(Enzymatic method/Cancer registry)
Tsushima et al [24], 2005,
500/7619
Men:
Age, elapsed time since last caloric intake, elapsed
USA, CS
(45-65y), 31y
Triglycerides
Q4 vs. Q1 (CRC)
1.01 (0.77-1.33)
time since 50-g glucose load, BMI, heart rate,
Triglycerides
Q4 vs. Q1 (CC)
0.92 (0.67-1.26)
cigarette smoking history, alcohol intake, and 24-hr
Triglycerides
Q4 vs. Q1 (RC)
1.28 (0.75-2.18)
intake of total calories
(Enzymatic method/Cancer registry)
Saydah et al [25], 2003,
173/346 (≥18y),
All:
USA, NC-CS
12y
Triglycerides
Age, sex, race, time since last meal, and date of
Q4 vs. Q1 (CRC)
0.69 (0.41-1.16)
blood draw
(Enzymatic method/Cancer registry)
Schoen et al [26], 1999,
102/5849
All:
USA, CS
(≥65y), 6.4y
Triglycerides
Age, sex, and physical activity
Q4 vs. Q1 (CRC)
1.4 (0.8-2.5)
HDL cholesterol
Q4 vs. Q1 (CRC)
0.6 (0.3-1.2)
LDL cholesterol
Q4 vs. Q1 (CRC)
0.5 (0.3-0.9)
(Enzymatic method/Medical Records)
(Continued)
Supplementary Table S1 (Continued)
First author, publication
Cases/subject
year (reference), Country,
(age), duration
Study design
of follow up
‡
Exposure categories (exposure/case assessment)
Tulinius et al [14] , 1997,
338/22,946
Men:
Iceland, CS
(mean, 50.4y),
Triglycerides
27y
Total cholesterol
RR/HR (95%CI)
Matched/Adjusted potential factors
Age
T3 vs. T1 (CRC)
T3 vs. T1 (CRC)
1.39 (1.07-1.80)
1.32 (0.94-1.85)
Women:
Triglycerides
T3 vs. T1 (CRC)
Total cholesterol
T3 vs. T1 (CRC)
1.13 (0.98-1.31)
2.02 (1.03-3.99)
(N/A/Cancer registry)
Chyou et al [27], 1996,
453/7945
Men:
Age
USA, CS
(45-65y), 28y
Total cholesterol
≥240 vs. <240 mg/dl (CC)
0.74 (0.56-0.97)
Total cholesterol
≥240 vs. <240 mg/dl (RC)
1.10 (0.68-1.79)
(Enzymatic method/Cancer registry)
†
Schatzkin et al [34] , 1988,
130/12,488
Men:
USA, CS
(25-74y), 10y
Total cholesterol
Age, education, BMI, smoking, alcohol, fat as a
≥255 vs. ≤182 mg/dl (CRC)
0.59 (0.27-1.27)
Women:
Total cholesterol
percentage of calories, dietary fiber, age at first birth
(women),
≥262 vs. ≤179 mg/dl (CRC)
1.00 (0.33-3.00)
839/92,898
Men:
Sweden, CS
(≤75y), 17y
Total cholesterol
≥276 vs. ≤224 mg/dl (CC)
1.17 (0.81-1.68)
Total cholesterol
≥276 vs. ≤224 mg/dl (RC)
1.65 (1.05-2.57)
Age
Total cholesterol
≥276 vs. ≤224 mg/dl (CC)
1.23 (0.84-1.81)
Total cholesterol
≥276 vs. ≤224 mg/dl (RC)
1.23 (0.64-2.34)
Women:
(Enzymatic method/Cancer registry)
menarche
(women), and cholesterol
(Enzymatic method/Cancer registry)
Tornberg et al [17], 1986,
age at
(women),
parity
BMI: body mass index; CC: colon cancer; C-CS: case-cohort study; CI: confidence interval; CRC: colorectal cancer; CS: cohort study; HDL: high density lipoprotein;
HR: hazards ratio; LDL: low density lipoprotein; NC-CS: nested case-control study; N/A: not available; RC: rectal cancer; RR: relative risk.
† Recalculate the RR by the method proposed by Hamling et al.
‡ Recalculate the RR by the method proposed by Danesh et al.