1.
The operation of your named cultural process results in spatial variations in the
distribution and/or location of features associated with it.
Comprehensively analyse the causes of the spatial variation that have resulted
from the operation of your cultural process in your chosen environment(s).
The cultural process of tourism Development has resulted in
many examples of variation in the Rotorua environment.
Tourism development is a process that begins with an
attraction. In Rotorua tourism began when the Pink and White
Terraces on Lake Rotomahana were first discovered in the
1840’s. However early development was very slow. It took time
for knowledge of these terraces to spread to Europe by those who
visited it. It also involved a long trip by boat from Europe for
tourists followed by a 4 day horse trek to reach the site of the
terraces. The region also had little in the way of facilities in
those early days with visitors having to stay in local missions. It
was not until the 1880’s that tourism began to grow and a few
hotels to cater for the tourists became established. However, this
came to an abrupt end in 1886 when Mt Tarawera erupted and
the Pink and White terraces were destroyed. The process of
Tourism Development therefore did not get off the ground.
Today the process operates completely differently and is much
more mature. Technological advancements like television and
more recently the internet have made it easier to advertise
what Rotorua has to offer. As more tourists came to Rotorua
more attractions were set up to cater for them. At the same time
numerous facilities like hotels and motels were built along with
information centres and retail. Today the process has entered a
phase of specialization as it caters to different markets. Some
attractions cater for the overseas market such as Te Piua whole
others cater for a younger adventure market such as the Ogo
and luge.
Overall Mark: Not Achieved
Reason: Does not answer question. Is about temporal not spatial
variations. A pity as depth is shown for spatial.
2.
The operation of your named cultural process results in spatial variations in the
distribution and/or location of features associated with it.
Comprehensively analyse the causes of the spatial variation that have resulted
from the operation of your cultural process in your chosen environment(s).
The cultural process of tourism Development has resulted in
many examples of spatial variation. One example is the effect
the process has had on the centre of the city that is different
from the effects it has had on the fringes. This is because the
process is concentrated in the centre while it is more dispersed
elsewhere.
The process of tourism development begins with the discovery of
a major attraction that draws tourists to it. From this point the
process develops as an interaction between the demand of
tourists and the supply of attractions. The point of the main
attraction will historically act as the focus for subsequent
development. In a tourist resort the growth of the region
depends on tourism and so the CBD develops around this point.
This is where most tourists want to be and so subsequent
attractions and facilities will also concentrate here. Most of the
major roads or transport networks will converge here and it
quickly develops as the place to be.
For attractions away from the centre it is much harder to
attract the tourists to them. As a result only certain locations
will be favoured. For example attractions need to be located on
the main roads so they are accessible. Exceptions are attractions
that are seen as unique enough to attract visitors a long
distance regardless. Locations in the periphery do have the
advantage of price. Since demand is highest in the centre these
sites are the most expensive. For attractions that require large
tracts of land this can prove too costly so a location out in the
periphery may be an advantage. Such attractions need to
counter the problem of distance through active advertising.
Overall Mark: Not Achieved
Reason: Good understanding of spatial variation of the process and how
it operates but its not linked to a specific environment so cannot score.
3.
The operation of your named cultural process results in spatial variations in the
distribution and/or location of features associated with it.
Comprehensively analyse the causes of the spatial variation that have resulted
from the operation of your cultural process in your chosen environment(s).
Spatial variation refers to changes that occur over space. The
cultural process of Tourism Development in Rotorua shows
many examples of variation. Two important elements of tourism
development are attractions and accommodation and both of
these vary across the region.
Attractions can be divided into primary and secondary.
Primary attractions are the main attractions that draw tourists
to a region. In Rotorua these relate to those to do with the
geothermal properties of the region or the Maori culture.
Geothermal attractions are fixed such as Hells Gate and Wai-OTapu. Most of these are located outside of Rotorua although the
largest and most commonly visited is Te Piua which is close to
the CBD or centre. Many attractions use the Maori culture to
attract overseas visitors and most hotels have concerts for this
reason. More sophisticated attractions have been set up such as
Tamaki Village on the outskirts.
There is a big range of different type of accommodation. At one
end is the luxuary style accommodation such as resorts on the
Rotorua lakes or hotels in the centre of the city. At the other end
of the scale are many backpackers and campgrounds such as
Kiwipaka and Top Ten Holiday Park. Most visitors prefer to
stay in motels since the most common type of visitor are
families. An example of this is Four Canoes on Fenton Street.
Overall Mark: Not Achieved
Reason: This is a list of where different elements occur and does not
show any distinct spatial patterns.
4.
The operation of your named cultural process results in spatial variations in the
distribution and/or location of features associated with it.
Comprehensively analyse the causes of the spatial variation that have resulted
from the operation of your cultural process in your chosen environment(s).
Tourism development shows significant spatial variations in
any tourist resort. This can be clearly seen in both Rotorua and
Waikiki , Hawaii. In both centres the operation of the process is
more pronounced in the centre of the resort resulting in many
tourist characteristics. This is compared to the outskirts or
periphery of the resort where the process is less evident so that
tourist characteristics are not as common.
The reason that tourism development is most evident in the
centre is generally historical as this is where tourism most likely
began. In Rotorua the geothermal field of Whakarewarewa and
the Bath house where tourists could ‘take the waters’ were part
of the government plan to set up the new city for tourism in an
attempt to keep tourists coming to the region following the
destruction of the Pink and White terraces. The main street of
Fenton Street connected the two and rapidly became the site for
accommodation and other tourist facilities. In Waikiki it was
the beach that acted as the initial catalyst. This gained in
popularity following its exposure as the holiday destination of
the rich and famous in the 1960’s and the main street of
Kalakaua Ave became the site for tourist facilities.
The extent to which tourism development extends into the
periphery is dependant on the nature of the tourists that visit it.
Rotorua is a destination favoured by wanderlust or allocentric
tourists. Such tourists are willing to travel and so while they
stay in the centre they will visit the periphery as long as the
attraction is unique enough or accessible enough to get to. In
contrast Waikiki attracts sunlust or pyschocentric tourists who
are less willing to travel. This concentrates attractions in the
core and means little exists in the periphery.
Overall Mark: Merit
Reason: Shows a good understanding of spatial variation that results
from operation of the process. Links between parts of the process are
also clear. What it lacks is more specific examples such as names of
attractions or facilities.
Unpack the Question:
The operation of your named cultural process results in spatial variations in the
distribution and/or location of features associated with it.
Comprehensively analyse the causes of the spatial variation that have resulted
from the operation of your cultural process in your chosen environment(s).
ACHIEVED
MERIT
EXCELLENCE
Spatial variations are
outlined in distinct parts
of the environment(s)
Spatial variations are
outlined in distinct parts
of the environment(s)
Spatial variations are
outlined in distinct parts
of the environment(s)
The spatial variation is
analysed and linked to
the process
The spatial variation is
analysed in depth and
linked to the process
The spatial variation is
analysed
comprehensively and
linked to the process
.
At least one reference to
a case study
Several references to a
case study (names, dates
and/or statistics)
Several references to a
case study (names, dates
and/or statistics) used
throughout.
The link between
elements of the process
and the variation is clear
and uses geographic
terminology
Based on what you have learnt have a go at writing an Excellence answer to this
question.