Integrated Science Fall Final Review 2013
(also, populations unit test review)
Below you will find topics and key questions for each of the units we did this semester. The population section
serves as your unit study guide for the unit exam on 12/9 and must be turned in on a separate piece of paper the
day of the test.
For each section, be sure to know the definitions of terms and how to apply and connect them. Simply reading
this list is not studying. We will spend some time studying in class, but you should get ahead of the game.
While this covers almost every topic, I may have missed something so make sure you study all your, past study
guides, notes, worksheets, labs, and flashcards to review the concepts.
See the final schedule below for the date of your Final. Please circle your period. The exam will be
approximately 110 questions and is worth 10 % of your semester grade.
Monday,
December 16
Tuesday,
December 17
Wednesday,
December 18
Thursday,
December 19
Friday, December
20
1st period 8-9:30
1st period final 8-10
2nd period Final 810
4nd period Final 810
6nd period Final 810
Break 9:30-9:40
Break 10:00-10:10
Break 10-10:15
Break 10-10:15
Break 10-10:15
3rd period final
10:25-12:25
5rd period final
10:25-12:25
7rd period final
10:25-12:25
2nd period 9:4511:20
5th period 10:1511:25
Lunch 11:20-12:05
Lunch 11:25-12:10
3rd period 12:101:40
6th period 12:101:20
Break 1:40-1:50
Break 1:20-1:30
4th period 1:553:25
7th period 1:35-2:45
Populations Review Questions
For your unit test, answer these questions on a separate piece of paper. Due Monday 12/9
1. Define exponential growth and logistic growth
2. When and why is a j-curve experienced
3. How do birth rate, death rate, immigration rate, and emigration rates impact population size
4. What is the “equation” for a growing population? Shrinking?
5. Draw 3 graphs: exponential growth, logistic growth, j-curve. Explain why each occurs
6. What is carrying capacity?
7. What is a limiting factor? How does it affect population growth
8. What is a density-dependent limiting factor?
9. Explain three examples of a density-dependent limiting factor.
10. What is a density-independent limiting factor?
11. Explain three examples of a density-independent limiting factor.
12. What does this equation stand for?
13. If a population initially has 250 people and it grows to 650 people in 5 years, what is the growth rate?
14. If a population initially has 8000 people and it is limited to 2500 people over 10 years, what is the
growth rate?
15. The doubling rate of a population is calculated by using the equation 70/r. In question 13, in how many
years will the population double?
16. The doubling rate of a population is calculated by using the equation 70/r. In question 13, in how many
years will the population double?
17. Describe social, cultural, and economic reasons why birth rates are generally lower in developed
countries and higher in developing countries.
18. What is an age structure diagram?
19. Over the next several years, how will the populations depicted below grow?
Biotechnology Topics
Mutations
Gene Mutation: define
Point mutations: how do they occur? How harmful are they?
Frame Shift mutations: how do they occur? How harmful are they?
Chromosomal Mutations: know definitions and examples/classifications
Nondisjunction Deletion Translocation Inversion Duplication
General Biotech
Recombinant DNA: what is it? Steps to create it? What are transgenic organisms
Plasmids: what are they? Where are they found? Why do we use them in biotechnology?
Genetic engineering: definition, examples, why is bacteria the preferred tool in biotech?
Restriction enzymes: what are they? What do they do? What types of cuts can they make? Where did
they originate from? What are recognitions sites? How are they important to recombinant DNA? How
are they important to gel electrophoresis
Gene regulation:
Eukaryote: why do we regulate gene expression? What are three steps (and the reason) taken to
be more efficient during translation of mRNA
Prokaryote: know the parts of an operon and how they work together to turn gene expression on
and off. Know these terms and how they interact: regulator gene, repressor, operator, promoter,
inducer, RNA polymerase
pGLO lab
-Terms (know the purpose they served in the lab)
Transformation, Luria broth, ampicillin, transformation solution (CaCl2), heat shock, arabinose,
pGLO plasmid, agar, pipet, inoculation loop, starter E.coli plate, green florescent protein,
ampicillin resistance, araC gene.
-Know what you would expect to see in terms or growth and glowing for each of the four plates And BE
ABLE TO EXPLAIN WHY it will occur:
LB/-pGLO LB/AMP/+pGLO LB/AMP/-pGLO LB/AMP/ARA/-pGLO
-Know what the above abbreviations stand for.
-Know why you would compare different plates
-Know the three special genes of interest (ampR, araC, GFP) in the pGLO plasmid. Know why they are
included in the plasmid and how they interact with each other and why they are important to the lab.
Applications of Biotech: you need to know the process of using each of the following, what it can be used for,
and it’s pros and cons.
-Genetically Modified organisms (plants and animals)
-stem cell research (all 3 types of stem cells)
-DNA in crime solving (gel electrophoresis/DNA Fingerprinting
-Cloning (reproductive and therapeutic cloning
-In Vitro Fertilization (sex selection and pre-implantation genetic diagnosis)
Genetics Plus Unit
-
History of the discovery of DNA - Know the scientists involved and the important discoveries that came
from their experiments.
o Terms: Griffith, Chargaff, Hershey-Chase, Franklin, Watson-Crick
-
DNA Structure– Phosphate groups, sugars, nitrogenous bases, and hydrogen bonds
o Terms: nucleotide, deoxyribose, phosphate, adenine, cytosine, guanine, thymine, gene,
hydrogen bonds, base pairing, pyrimidine vs. purine double helix
-
DNA Replication
o helicase, DNA polymerase, ligase, leading strand, lagging strand
-
Protein synthesis – Know all of the steps involved in protein synthesis, including location and type of
nucleic acid (DNA, mRNA, tRNA, rRNA), and what is the overall process (“Central Dogma”). You
need to know the 3 types or RNA including the structure and function and how they interact with one
another. You should be able to use an amino acid chart to identify the correct sequence of amino acids
given a segment of RNA. You should also be able to identify RNA segments that could code for a
particular amino acid.
Key terms:
1. What is the difference between RNA and DNA?
2. What does mRNA do?
3. What is the structure of mRNA?
4. What does tRNA do?
5. What is the structure of tRNA?
6. What does rRNA do?
7. What is the structure of rRNA?
8. Why is protein synthesis important?
9. What are the two steps of protein synthesis?
10. What happens in transcription (overview/simple)?
11. What does RNA polymerase do?
12. What are the steps of transcription?
13. Where does transcription take place?
14. What happens in translation (overview/simple)?
15. Where does translation occur?
16. What are the steps of translation?
17. What is a codon?
18. What is an anticodon?
19. How can you use a codon chart?
20. What kind of bond links amino acids together?
Be able to label diagrams of transcription and translation like the ones on your worksheets/powerpoints.
-
Compounds in living things – Be able to identify the types of compounds found in living things and
some of the basic characteristics, functions, and differences between them.
o Terms: organic/inorganic, polymerization, dehydration synthesis, hydrolysis,
carbohydrate, lipid, protein, nucleic acid (Know the CHO-CHO-HONC-PONCH chart),
enzymes (know the structure and function and what makes them so specific.), monomers,
polymers.
-
Mendel, genetics, and Punnett squares – How did Mendel’s experiments with pea plants lead to our
current understanding of genetics? Be able to create and interpret Punnett squares to demonstrate a
cross between organisms. What types of mutations can occur in humans and what are their effects.
o Terms: self-fertilization vs. cross-fertilization, genotype, phenotype, trait, gene, allele,
Mendel’s three principles: segregation, independent assortment, dominance. Gametes
(know sex cells vs. body cells and how they are formed), co-dominance, homozygous
dominant, heterozygous, homozygous recessive, hybrid, purebred, dihybrid/two factor
cross, reading and interpreting a pedigree, sex-linked traits/disorders, mitosis vs. meiosis
(outcome/phases-chapter 16, fig. 15).