Barley
BARLEY
REVIEW OF 2014
Season
Barley crops generally took advantage of the early start to
the season, growing well during late autumn and early
winter. However, a lack of subsoil moisture in many areas
combined with dry conditions and frosts reduced the yield
potential considerably.
The Wimmera and Mallee generally had below average
yields with some areas of the Mallee suffering severe
drought stress. The North East performed better as did
parts the South West where later maturing crops were able
to take advantage of some late spring rain.
Early maturing varieties such as Hindmarsh, La Trobe and
Compass yielded better while varieties like Buloke, Scope
and Gairdner were more vulnerable to producing smaller
grain size in the tight finish.
Overall the proportion of crop making malt was well down
on usual particularly because of poor grain size. Protein
was also up for many crops.
Disease
Stubble-borne diseases were favoured by an early break to
the season, followed by reasonable rainfall through to early
winter. Spot form of net blotch (SFNB) was common
throughout the barley growing regions during the winter
due to cultivation of susceptible varieties into infected
stubble. Symptoms were most severe in the Mallee where
temperatures were highest. However, dry conditions during
mid to late winter and spring restricted SFNB development
later in the season in the majority of barley growing
regions.
Scald and net form of net blotch (NFNB) development were
generally not favoured by the dry conditions and as a result
were not observed in many areas.
Barley leaf rust and powdery mildew were not an issue and
rarely observed due to the very dry summer, which reduced
the green bridge and inoculum.
LOOKING FORWARD TO 2015
New varieties
No new varieties have been added in 2015.
Malt evaluation
In 2014 the variety Wimmera received classification as
malt. Newly accredited malting varieties still need to gain
market acceptance and growers are advised to consult with
their marketer regarding the availability of segregation and
pricing.
The outcome of malt evaluation for Flinders, LaTrobe and
Skipper will be updated on www.barleyaustralia.com.au
after March.
Disease
No significant changes in virulence of barley diseases were
observed during 2014. Some small changes in the ratings
of varieties have occurred, which are listed in Table 3.
MORE INFORMATION
www.nvtonline.com.au
Detailed NVT trial results and links to variety information.
 Australian Field Crop Disease Guide app
www.extensionaus.com.au/australian-field-cropdisease-guide-app
www.depi.vic.gov.au/agriculture-and-food/grains-and-othercrops
 AG1160 Cereal disease guide
www.barleyaustralia.com.au
Information includes:
 List of preferred malting barley varieties
 Update status of malting barley evaluation each March
VARIETY DESCRIPTIONS
Varieties have been listed according to quality classification
grade and in alphabetical order and not in order of
preference.
Abbreviations used are:
denotes that Plant Breeder Rights apply
CCN
Cereal Cyst Nematode
BYDV Barley Yellow Dwarf Virus
RLN
Root Lesion Nematode
NFNB Net Form of Net Blotch
SFNB Spot Form of Net Blotch
End Point Royalty (EPR) 2015-16 quoted $/tonne ex-GST.
Malting barley (Preferred variety) - BAUDIN
A mid season maturing variety, Baudin is an alternative
malting variety to Gairdner in 375-500 mm rainfall districts,
but should not be grown in areas with greater than 500
mm, due to leaf disease susceptibility. Scald SVS, SFNB
MSS, NFNB MRMS#, powdery mildew VS and leaf rust VS.
Compared to Gairdner, Baudin has superior grain
plumpness in years with dry and hot spring conditions. The
variety is a shorter plant type than Gairdner and less likely
to lodge. Now outclassed by newer varieties due to disease
susceptibility, Baudin’s delivery options are limited.
Released 2004. Seed available from Seednet. EPR $3
malt, $1 feed.
Barley Australia lists malting varieties that are
preferred by its member marketing companies. These
varieties are highlighted in the variety listings as
“Malting barley (Preferred variety)”. The level of
demand for domestic and export markets in Victoria is
shown in
Table 2.
Victorian Winter Crop Summary 2015
25
Barley
Malting barley (Preferred variety) - BULOKE
An early to mid season maturing variety best adapted to
regions of southern Australia with 325-450 mm annual
rainfall. Moderately tall with moderately weak straw
strength, similar to Gairdner, and can be prone to
significant head loss under unfavourable conditions postmaturation. Buloke has a similar level of tolerance to preharvest sprouting to Gairdner. Average grain plumpness is
similar or slightly inferior to Baudin but superior to Gairdner.
Scald MS, SFNB S, NFNB MR, powdery mildew MR and
leaf rust SVS. Whilst Buloke yields well in Mallee
environments, it should only be grown in CCN prone
environments if the majority of other crops/varieties in the
rotation are CCN resistant. In Victoria, Buloke is considered
mid-season maturity earlier than Gairdner, but later than
Hindmarsh. Buloke has export malt quality similar to
Baudin. Released 2005. Seed available from Seednet.
EPR $2.
Limagrain and seed available from Heritage Seeds.
EPR $2.95.
Malting barley (Preferred variety) - COMMANDER
A mid maturing variety best suited to 375-500 mm rainfall
districts, particularly the Wimmera Mallee. It is broadly
adapted and will outyield other varieties under favourable
spring conditions. Commander is inherently lower in grain
protein content like Buloke and Scope. It has moderately
weak straw and can lodge under either high yield
environments or if unfavourable conditions occur between
grain filling and harvest. Grain size is superior to many
other malting barley varieties but it is prone to low test
weights in some seasons. Scald S, SFNB & NFNB MSS,
powdery mildew MRMS and leaf rust S. Commander is
acceptable for domestic, Chinese, and SE Asian brewing
markets. Growers should consult their grain marketers
regarding markets and availability of segregation for this
variety. Released 2008. Seed available from Seednet. EPR
$3.80.
Malting barley (Preferred variety) - SCOPE CL
A tall, early to mid season maturing barley with moderate to
high yield potential across a range of medium rainfall
environments. Its disease resistance profile is very similar
to Buloke with the main concern being susceptibility to
some leaf rust strains. Scald MSS, SFNB MSS, NFNB MR,
powdery mildew R# and leaf rust SVS. Scope shares the
lodging, headloss, grain size and protein characteristics of
Buloke. Scope is the only barley variety registered for the
use of an appropriate Clearfield herbicide. Accredited as
malting barley in 2013, export markets are yet to be
established so growers are advised to consult with their
grain marketer about segregation and pricing. Although
developed from a Buloke mutation, Barley Australia have
not authorised co-binning with Buloke. It is considered a
different variety to Buloke and legally needs to be declared
as such. In the longer term, Scope is expected to be
accepted into those markets currently accepting Buloke.
Released 2010. Seed is available from Seednet exclusively
through re-sellers that have a current Clearfield
accreditation. EPR $3.50.
Malting barley - FAIRVIEW
A moderately late maturing variety best suited to
400-600 mm rainfall districts. Yields are similar to Gairdner
and Commander in these districts. The grain plumpness of
Fairview is superior to Gairdner. Limited seed is only
available under contract through GrainSearch, Geelong.
Released 2008. Fairview has an export malt quality profile
and is marketed via closed loop supply chain through
Malteurop. EPR $3.
Malting barley (Preferred variety) - GAIRDNER
A moderately late maturing variety best suited to
400-600 mm rainfall regions. In lower rainfall districts
Gairdner can yield well in seasons with favourable spring
finishes, however not necessarily within malting
specifications. Scald SVS, SFNB S, NFNB MRMS,
powdery mildew S and leaf rust S. Gairdner is known for
high screenings in a dry spring, with the levels of grain
plumpness for Gairdner generally being inferior to all other
malting varieties. Gairdner has moderately good head
retention, slightly inferior to Baudin. Gairdner is accepted
by both domestic and export brewing markets. Released
1998. Seed available from Heritage Seeds. No EPR.
Malting barley - GRANGER
A mid to late maturing variety with strong straw, and good
kernel plumpness and low screenings. Scald S, SFNB
SVS, NFNB MS, powdery mildew MR and leaf rust MR#.
Accredited as malting barley in 2013, export markets are
yet to be established and growers are advised to consult
with their grain marketer about segregation and pricing.
Released 2013. Tested as SMBA09-3353. Licenced by
26
Victorian Winter Crop Summary 2015
Malting barley (Preferred variety) – NAVIGATOR
A mid to late maturing variety similar to Gairdner but
offering higher yield potential, significantly improved
physical grain quality and an excellent disease resistance
profile with the exception of being very susceptible to leaf
rust. Scald MRMS, SFNB MRMS, NFNB MR#, powdery
mildew R and leaf rust VS. Navigator is an accredited
malting variety primarily suited for use by the domestic
brewing industry. Due to the current small market size for
Navigator as a malting variety, growers should seek advice
from their grain marketer regarding availability of
segregation and pricing prior to sowing this variety and will
be best suited to growers with freight advantage to local
malthouses. Released 2011. Seed available from Seednet.
EPR $3.80
Malting barley (Preferred variety) - WESTMINSTER
A mid to late maturity variety with medium to tall and stiff
straw and improved head retention. Scald R#, SFNB S,
NFNB MSS, powdery mildew R and leaf rust MRMS.
Accredited as malting barley in 2013, export markets are
yet to be established and growers are advised to consult
with their grain marketer about segregation and pricing. It
was bred by Limagrain, released 2009, and is marketed
through Grainsearch. EPR $3.
Malting barley - WIMMERA
Wimmera is a mid to late maturing variety with similar plant
architecture to Gairdner and significantly higher yield
potential and improved scald and leaf rust resistance.
Scald MSS, SFNB S, NFNB MSS, powdery mildew S and
leaf rust MR#. In long-term NVT trials, Wimmera has a 10%
average yield advantage over Gairdner in all areas other
than the Mallee. Wimmera has lower screenings and higher
retention than Gairdner, with equivalent test weight.
Wimmera is an accredited malting variety suited to a range
of domestic and export markets, Released 2011. Wimmera
is currently undergoing further market development.
Barley
Feed barley - CAPSTAN
Capstan is a high yielding feed variety recommended for
400mm plus rainfall regions. Capstan has short stiff straw
with excellent head retention and would be suitable for
growers targeting very high potential yields. It has very high
screenings in lower rainfall districts. Scald S, SFNB MS,
NFNB MSS, powdery mildew MR and leaf rust MRMS.
Released 2003. Seed available from Seednet. No EPR.
Feed barley - FATHOM
An early maturing variety with broad adaption and
consistently high yields. It has very low screenings, similar
to Maritime and a higher test weight than Fleet. Fathom
has a long coleoptile and early vigour giving weed
competitiveness and tolerance to deep planting and sandy
soils. Fathom is well suited to wider row spacings and is an
alternative to Hindmarsh particularly where more reliable
establishment and improved early vigour are sought.
Fathom is moderately tall with head loss and lodging
resistance. Scald MR#, SFNB MR, NFNB MS, powdery
mildew MRMS and leaf rust MSS. Released 2011. Seed
available from Seednet. EPR $2.
Feed barley - FLEET
Best suited to 325-400 mm rainfall regions as an alternative
to Hindmarsh and Keel. Fleet has superior adaptation to
deep sandy soils compared to Hindmarsh and Keel due to
a relatively long coleoptile that makes Fleet more tolerant
of deeper sowing. Scald MSS, SFNB MR, NFNB MRMS#,
powdery mildew MR and leaf rust MSS. Some pathotypes
of NFNB now show increased virulence on Fleet. Fleet has
improved physical grain quality compared to Keel but has
lower test weight than Hindmarsh. Fleet is highly prone to
lodging but has good head retention. Released 2004. Seed
available from Seednet. EPR $1.50.
Feed / Food barley - HINDMARSH
An early maturing semi-dwarf feed variety with exceptional
yield potential, especially in drier years. It is recommended
for the 325-450 mm rainfall regions. Hindmarsh was the
highest yielding barley variety in the Mallee and Wimmera
in NVT long term trials for 2008-12. Hindmarsh has a
relatively short coleoptile and deep sowing should be
avoided to maximise crop establishment and yield
potential. Scald SVS, SFNB SVS, NFNB MR, powdery
mildew MRMS# and leaf rust MSS. Hindmarsh is free
threshing and has good resistance to head loss. Hindmarsh
has excellent grain plumpness and also has the highest
test weight of any feed variety. Released by the forerunner
of DEDJTR in 2006. Seed available from Seednet.
EPR $1.50.
Feed barley - KEEL
A high yielding, very early maturing, feed variety
recommended for the 325-400 mm rainfall regions. Due to
Keel’s very early maturity, it can be prone to frost damage if
sown too early. It performs best on heavy soil types with
low fertility. Keel is not suitable for sandy soils, where Fleet
or Fathom are preferred. Keel produces plump grain similar
to Fleet and Fathom, along with low screenings; however,
similar to Fleet, Keel has low test weight. Keel is a shorter
plant type compared to Fleet and Fathom, has good head
retention and is free-threshing. Scald MS, SFNB MR,
NFNB MR#, powdery mildew MS and leaf rust VS.
Released 1999. Seed available from Seednet. No EPR.
Feed barley - OXFORD
A feed variety best suited to medium to high rainfall regions
(350-600 mm) and should not be planted after mid-June.
Scald MSS#, SFNB S, NFNB MS, powdery mildew R and
leaf rust MR. Oxford was bred by Limagrain, released 2009
and seed is available from Heritage Seeds. EPR $2.50.
VARIETIES CURRENTLY UNDERGOING
MALT EVALUATION
Barley under evaluation - COMPASS
Compass is an early to mid maturing variety, agronomically
similar to Commander, It is very high yielding and broadly
adapted, with excellent grain size and test weight.
Compass has been released as a feed variety for 2015,
and is also undergoing malting evaluation with a decision
expected in March 2016. The malting quality profile will be
suited to domestic and export malting and brewing markets
currently utilising Gairdner and Commander. Scald MS#,
SFNB MSS, NFNB MR#, powdery mildew MR#. Bred by
the University of Adelaide and tested as WI4593. Seed
available from Seednet. EPR $3.80.
Barley under evaluation - FLINDERS
A moderately late maturing variety. Moderately short with
stiff, strong straw and good head retention. It has high
levels of grain plumpness and good test weights. Scald S,
SFNB & NFNB S, powdery mildew RMR and leaf rust MS.
While not as high yielding as the earlier maturing LaTrobe
or Compass, Flinders offers a replacement for Baudin and
Gairdner with a longer season option and will be available
pending final malt accreditation. Developed by InterGrain.
Released 2012, it is currently undergoing malting
evaluation with a decision expected in March 2015. Seed
available from Syngenta. EPR $3.80.
Barley under evaluation - LATROBE
An early maturing variety for the low to medium rainfall
environments. A semi-dwarf with a short coleoptile, good
lodging resistance and good head retention. Good
sprouting tolerance, but reduced weed competitiveness. It
has high levels of grain plumpness and good test weights.
Scald VS, SFNB S, NFNB MR, powdery mildew MRMS#
and leaf rust MSS. Developed by InterGrain (as IGB1101).
It is currently undergoing malting evaluation with a decision
expected in March 2015. Seed available from Syngenta.
EPR $4.
Barley under evaluation - SKIPPER
An early to mid maturing malting quality variety similar in
maturity and plant type to Hindmarsh. Skipper is best
adapted to mid and low rainfall environments. Relative to
many other malting varieties, Skipper has high levels of
grain plumpness and low levels of screenings being similar
to Commander, but poor straw stength compared to other
malt varieties. Scald S, SFNB MRMS, NFNB MR, powdery
mildew MR and leaf rust SVS. Released 2011, it is
currently undergoing malting evaluation with a decision
expected in March 2015. EPR to be determined.
Barley under evaluation - SY RATTLER
SY Rattler is a late maturing variety recommended for the
high rainfall, 450-600mm regions. SY Rattler is undergoing
the early stages of malt and brewing evaluation. Bred by
Syngenta. Released in 2012, it is currently undergoing
malting evaluation with a decision expected in March 2017.
Seed available from Grainsearch. EPR $3.
Victorian Winter Crop Summary 2015
27
Barley
Table 1: Barley time of sowing guide.
This table is a guide only and has been compiled from observations of the breeder and local departmental agronomists.
MALLEE
April
May
June
July
Baudin, Gairdner, Wimmera
> X X X X X < <
Commander, Compass, Fathom, Fleet, Keel
> X X X X X X < < <
Buloke, Hindmarsh, LaTrobe, Scope, Skipper
> > X X X X X < <
WIMMERA
April
May
June
July
Flinders, Gairdner, GrangeR, Navigator, Oxford, Wimmera
> X X X X X < <
Keel
> > X X X X X X X < <
Baudin, Fleet
> > X X X X X X < <
Fathom, Hindmarsh, LaTrobe, Skipper
> X X X X X X X < <
Buloke, Commander, Compass, Scope
> X X X X X < <
NORTH CENTRAL
April
May
June
July
Flinders, Gairdner, GrangeR, Navigator, Wimmera
> > X X X X X X < <
Fleet
> > > X X X X X < <
Buloke, Commander, Compass, Scope
> > X X X X < <
Fathom, Hindmarsh, LaTrobe, Skipper
> X X X X X X X X X <
Keel
> > X X X X X X <
NORTH EAST
April
May
June
July
Flinders, Gairdner, GrangeR, Navigator, Oxford, Wimmera
> X X X X X X < <
Baudin
> > X X X X X < <
Keel
> > X X X X X X X <
Buloke, Commander, Compass, Scope
> > X X X X < <
Fathom, Hindmarsh, LaTrobe, Skipper
> X X X X X X X < <
Fleet
> > X X X X X < <
SOUTH WEST
April
May
June
July
Baudin, Capstan, Gairdner, GrangeR, Navigator, Oxford,
> > X X X X X < < <
Westminster, Wimmera
Commander, Compass, Fathom, Fleet, Hindmarsh, LaTrobe
> > X X X X < <
>earlier than ideal, X optimum sowing time, < later than ideal but acceptable
Table 2: Barley variety demand* for preferred malting varieties and agronomic guide.
Domestic
demand
Export
demand
Height
Maturity
Head loss
Plump grain
rating
Malting barley
Baudin
high
S
M
MR
7
Buloke
medium
MT
ME
MS
6
Commander
high
low
M
ME
M
8
Fairview
MS
ML
MR
Gairdner
high
high
M
ML
MR
5
GrangeR
M
ML
MR
Navigator
low
S-MS
ML
MR
7
Scope CL
low
MT
ME
MS
6
Westminster
high
medium
MT
ML
R
Wimmera
M
ML
MR
7
Feed barley
Capstan
VS
ML
R
5
Fathom
MT
VE
MR
8
Fleet
M
ME
MR
8
Hindmarsh
S-MS
VE
MR
6-7
Keel
M
VE
M
6
Oxford
S-MS
L
R
7
Barley under
malt
evaluation
Compass
M
ME
M
8
Flinders
MS
ML
R
7
LaTrobe
S-MS
E
MR
6-7
Skipper
M
EM
MR
8
SY Rattler
M
M
*Demand in Victoria (2014) is determined by marketing companies who are members of Barley Australia.
Height; T = tall, MT = moderately tall, M = medium, MS = moderately short, S = short
Maturity; VE = very early, E = early, ME = moderately early, M = mid season, L = late
Head loss and lodging; R = resistant, MR = moderately resistant, S = susceptible, MS = moderately susceptible
Plump grain: relative scale: 1=small or unreliable grain size; 9=large or reliable grain size
28
Victorian Winter Crop Summary 2013
Lodging
R
M
M
R
R
R
R
M
R
R
R
MR
M
R-MR
MS
R
M
R
R-MR
MS
MR
<
<
<
Barley
Table 3: Barley variety disease reactions.
Leaf
scald
Spot form Net form Powdery Leaf rust
Net Blotch
Net
mildew
Blotch
BYDV
CCN
Res
Root lesion
nematode
P.
P. thornei
neglectus resistance
resistance
Barley
grass
stripe
rust
Malting barley
SVS
MSS
MRMS#
VS
VS
MR
S
MR
R
Baudin
MS
S
MR
MR
SVS
MRMS
S
MRMS
MRMS
R
Buloke
S
MSS
MSS
MRMS#
S
MRMS
R
MRMS
MRMS
R
Commander
SVS
S
S
RMR
MRp
MR
R
Fairview
SVS
S
MRMS
S
S
S
S
MRMS
MS
R
Gairdner
S
SVS
MS
MR
MR#
MRMS
R
MR
MR
R
GrangeR
MRMS
MRMS
MR#
R
VS
S
R
MRMS
MRMS
R
Navigator
MSS
MSS
MR
R#
SVS
MR
S
MRMS
MRMS
R
Scope CL
R#
S
MSS
R
MRMS
MRMS
MRMS
MRMSp
R
Westminster
MSS
S
MSS
S
MR#
MRMS
S
MRMS
MRMS
MR
Wimmera
Feed barley
S
MS
MSS
MR
MRMS
S
R
MRMS
Capstan
MR#
MR
MS
MRMS
MSS
MRMS
R
MRMS
MRMS
R
Fathom
MSS
MR
MRMS#
MR
MSS
MRMS
R
MRMS
MRMS
R
Fleet
SVS
SVS
MR
MRMS#
MSS
S
R
MRMS
MRMS
R
Hindmarsh
MS
MR
MR#
MS
VS
S
R
MS
Keel
MSS#
S
MS
R
MR
MS
S
MR
MRMS
R
Oxford
Barley under malt evaluation
MS#
MSS
MR#
MR#
VS
MR
R
MR
MR
R
Compass
S
S
S
RMR
MS
MRMS
S
MRMS
MR
R
Flinders
VS
S
MR
MRMS#
MSS
S
R
MR
MR
R
LaTrobe
S
MRMS
MR
MR
SVS
MR
R
MRMS
MRMS
R
Skipper
MS#
SVS
MR#
R
MRMS
S
RMR
MRMS
R
SY Rattler
# Varieties marked may be more susceptible if alternative strains are present. p = These ratings are provisional - treat with
caution. R = Resistant RMR = Resistant to moderately resistant MR = Moderately resistant MRMS = Moderately resistant to
moderately susceptible MS = Moderately susceptible MSS = Moderately susceptible to susceptible S = Susceptible SVS =
Susceptible to very susceptible VS = Very susceptible
Table 4: Barley disease guide.
Disease
Occurrence
Inoculum source
Control
Water soaked areas on
leaves. Lesions appear
grey/green then
bleached with brown
margins.
Pyrenophora teres f. Dark brown spots to 10
maculata
mm, with yellow
margins.
Years with frequent rain,
and early sown crops.
Residues of barley and
barley grass. Can be
seedborne. Spores
spread by rainsplash.
Resistant varieties, clean
seed, manage barley and
barley grass debris. Seed
and foliar fungicides
Infection from stubble
especially in wet autumn
conditions.
Net blotch
net form
Pyrenophora teres
f. teres
Control barley grass and
manage barley stubble.
Avoid very susceptible
varieties. Foliar fungicides.
Resistant varieties, crop
rotation and stubble
management.
Powdery
mildew
Blumeria graminis
f.sp. hordei
Volunteer barley,
barley grass and crop
residue. Airborne
spores.
Resistant varieties. Seed
and foliar fungicides.
Leaf rust
Puccinia hordei
Small circular orange
pustules on upper leaf
surface.
Spores can be produced
for over 2 years on
stubble. Moist conditions,
temperatures in the 1525C range.
Favoured by high humidity
and temperature of 1522C. Worse in high
fertility paddocks and early
sown crops.
Moist conditions with
temperatures in the range
15-22C.
Barley and barley
grass stubble, also
airborne spores from
infected crops.
Survives on infected
barley and barley
grass residues. Wind
borne spores.
Stem rust
Puccinia graminis
Large red-brown
Infection requires
pustules. Rupture of leaf temperatures in the 15and stem surface.
30C range and moist
conditions.
Yellow powdery pustules Can develop throughout
in stripes on the leaves the growing season.
Living plant hosts
including barley, barley
grass and Star of
Bethlehem.
Living plant hosts
including volunteer
cereals (wheat, barley,
triticale and rye).
Barley grass and
susceptible barley
varieties.
Use resistant varieties and
control volunteer barley
and barley grass over
summer/autumn
Use resistant varieties and
control volunteer wheat,
triticale and barley over
summer/autumn.
Avoid susceptible varieties
Hosts include all
cereals and many
grasses.
Resistant varieties.
Chemical control of aphids
may be suitable for high
value crops.
FOLIAR
Scald
Net blotch
spot form
Organism
Symptoms
Rhynchosporium
secalis
BGSR
Puccinia striiformis
(Barley grass
stripe rust)
BYDV
Barley yellow dwarf
(Barley yellow virus
dwarf virus)
Small brown spots that
develop into dark brown
streaks on leaf blades
that have net like
appearance.
White powdery spores
on upper leaf surfaces,
underside of leaves turn
yellow to brown.
Yellow stripes between
leaf veins, some leaves
red. Sterile heads and
dwarfing plants.
Virus is transmitted by
aphids.
Victorian Winter Crop Summary 2015
29
Barley
Table 4: (continued) Barley disease guide.
Disease
Organism
Symptoms
Occurrence
Inoculum source
Wirrega
blotch
Drechslera
wirreganensis
Brown blotches often
with hole in centre.
Minor occurrence.
Ringspot
Drechslera
campanulata
Small brown rimmed
spots on leaves.
Common and widespread
in southern Australia.
Halo spot
Pseudoseptoria
stomaticola
Small white-brown
lesions.
Cool, moist conditions.
Range of grass weeds Crop rotation. Avoid
and cereal stubble.
growing susceptible
varieties, control grass
weeds
Wide range of cereals Crop rotation and weed
and grass weeds.
control.
Barley seed in crop
residue infected with
fungus.
Residues of barley and Disease is not of economic
grasses. Rainsplash. importance.
GRAIN
Covered smut Ustilago segetum
var. hordei
Loose smut
Ustilago tritici
Dark, compacted heads, Spores germinate in
Infected seed.
grain replaced by smut infected grain when
balls.
temperatures are between
14-25C.
Dark brown powdery
Moist conditions at
Infected seed
spores replace grain.
flowering and when
temperatures are between
16-22C.
ROOT/CROWN
Crown rot
Fusarium
‘Whiteheads’ or
pseudograminearum, deadheads most obvious
F. culmorum
after flowering, pink
discolouration under leaf
sheaths.
Pythium root Pythium spp.
rot (Damping
off)
Stunted seedlings,
reduced tillering, pale
stunted or stubby roots
with light brown tips.
Common root Bipolaris sorokiniana Brown discolouration of
rot
roots, sub-crown
internode and crown.
Plant stunting, brown
spots on leaves and
reduced tillers.
Cereal cyst
Heterodera avenae Yellow, stunted plants.
nematode
Knotted roots.
(CCN)
Root lesion
nematode
Take-all
Most common on heavy or
poorly drained soils
Favoured by moist, humid
conditions with
temperatures between 1530C.
Favoured by wet
conditions. Increased risk
where high rainfall occurs
after sowing.
Scattered through crop.
Light soils and well
structured clays where
cereals are commonly
grown.
Pratylenchus thornei Reduced tillering, ill
Favoured by cereals in
& Pratylenchus
thrift; lesions on roots,
rotation with chickpea,
neglectus
lack of branching of root medic and vetch.
system.
Gaeumannomyces
Stunted or yellowing
Fungus thrives under
graminis var. tritici
plants, ‘whiteheads’ at
warm, damp conditions.
(Ggt)
heading.
Survives in infected
stubble residue for up
to 2 years. Hosts
include wheat, barley,
triticale and some
grasses.
Spores survive in soil
or plant debris for up
to 5 years.
Control
Use disease free seed,
resistant varieties, seed
treatments.
Use disease free seed and
seed treatments. Avoid
susceptible varieties.
Crop rotation, stubble
removal, cultivation.
Avoid deep sowing into
cold wet soils, especially
when direct drilling. Ensure
good nutrient levels.
Wheat, barley, triticale Crop rotation.
and rye.
Present in most soils Resistant varieties, break
in the southern region. from susceptible cereals
and grasses, particularly
wild oat.
Survives as dormant
Crop rotation using
nematodes in the soil. resistant crops and
resistant varieties.
Fungus survives over
summer in crowns and
roots of wheat, barley
and grass plants.
Crop rotations, at least one
year free of hosts (cereals
and grasses, especially
barley grass). Fungicide
applied to seed or fertiliser.
This table has been developed from information in the publications Wallwork H (2000) (Ed) Cereal Root and Crown Diseases
(Grains Research and Development Corporation, SARDI) and Wallwork H (2000) (Ed) Cereal Leaf and Stem Diseases (Grains
Research and Development Corporation, SARDI).
30
Victorian Winter Crop Summary 2013
Barley
Table 5: Long term predicted barley yield 2005-2014 expressed as a percentage of Gairdner. The numbers in brackets
indicate the number of site years in that area.
Mallee
Gairdner (t/ha)
2.44
Malting barley
Alestar
Barleymax
Bass
106 (39)
Baudin
101 (40)
Buloke
106 (59)
Charger
Commander
109 (59)
Dhow
Fairview
102 (6)
Fitzroy
Flagship
99 (52)
Franklin
Gairdner
100 (56)
Granger
103 (33)
Henley
103 (17)
Maltstar
100 (7)
Navigator
Schooner
96 (59)
Scope
104 (37)
Sloop
102 (8)
Sloop SA
100 (43)
Sloop VIC
98 (40)
Vlamingh
102 (32)
Westminster
Wimmera
101 (10)
Feed barley
Barque
104 (52)
Capstan
Fathom
117 (33)
Finniss
93 (6)
Fleet
113 (59)
Galleon
91 (7)
Grout
99 (22)
Hannan
109 (19)
Hindmarsh
116 (52)
Keel
114 (58)
Lockyer
115 (4)
Mackay
93 (12)
Maritime
102 (48)
Oxford
101 (37)
Roe
107 (26)
Shepherd
97 (16)
Tulla
Urambie
Yarra
107 (32)
Barley under malt evaluation
Compass
123 (20)
Flinders
101 (33)
LaTrobe
116 (27)
Macquarie
Skipper
114 (30)
SY Rattler
100 (20)
North Central
2.73
North East
3.08
South West
4.80
Wimmera
3.09
106 (6)
46 (3)
103 (12)
98 (21)
102 (21)
111 (10)
109 (21)
96 (3)
105 (10)
109 (9)
93 (21)
90 (6)
100 (21)
105 (7)
106 (11)
107 (6)
105 (12)
88 (21)
101 (13)
101 (11)
99 (14)
103 (14)
109 (3)
102 (7)
98 (9)
104 (9)
115 (5)
110 (9)
105 (6)
107 (4)
95 (9)
92 (4)
100 (9)
107 (4)
109 (5)
110 (3)
107 (5)
90 (9)
104 (6)
102 (4)
102 (6)
104 (5)
108 (10)
102 (17)
96 (5)
110 (13)
107 (25)
107 (19)
108 (3)
92 (5)
94 (15)
100 (25)
107 (13)
107 (10)
110 (10)
102 (14)
85 (3)
100 (25)
104 (19)
105 (19)
104 (12)
45 (4)
108 (25)
101 (33)
105 (33)
109 (8)
110 (33)
97 (4)
105 (21)
112 (9)
98 (33)
87 (6)
100 (33)
105 (20)
105 (20)
103 (16)
105 (20)
93 (33)
104 (24)
102 (4)
98 (9)
96 (13)
104 (17)
96 (23)
104 (26)
111 (16)
109 (10)
88 (15)
108 (15)
94 (3)
104 (7)
106 (18)
103 (15)
113 (5)
109 (13)
100 (7)
99 (8)
104 (11)
107 (6)
109 (5)
85 (6)
109 (6)
101 (3)
108 (8)
103 (5)
110 (3)
109 (6)
101 (5)
109 (22)
89 (14)
104 (3)
111 (10)
94 (24)
115 (13)
94 (3)
100 (3)
104 (10)
103 (3)
102 (9)
115 (21)
116 (20)
94 (21)
112 (29)
95 (9)
110 (9)
116 (29)
112 (21)
118 (9)
91 (5)
101 (24)
106 (26)
106 (13)
96 (14)
108 (17)
116 (6)
101 (10)
109 (9)
102 (9)
106 (10)
101 (13)
116
102
110
102
106
106
108 (8)
101 (13)
104 (18)
99 (3)
100 (16)
123 (12)
103 (20)
117 (16)
99 (27)
113 (20)
101 (23)
(3)
(5)
(4)
(8)
(5)
(6)
Victorian Winter Crop Summary 2015
31
Barley
Table 6: Yield - Mallee 2014 barley trials expressed as a percentage of the yield of Gairdner. Fungicides used at
Murrayville only.
Birchip
Hopetoun
Manangatang (F)
Murrayville
Rainbow
Ultima
Walpeup
(F)
Sowing Date
12/5/14
22/5/14
6/5/14
9/5/14
17/5/14
8/5/14
5/5/14
Gairdner (t/ha)
2.35
2.10
2.32
2.48
1.63
2.08
1.98
Malting barley
Bass
95
106
100
98
107
95
100
Buloke
106
102
106
100
91
90
90
Commander
120
110
108
100
74
91
78
Gairdner
100
100
100
100
100
100
100
Granger
123
106
97
87
94
92
73
Schooner
99
99
100
96
93
90
113
Scope
98
104
105
98
97
89
96
Feed barley
Fathom
112
107
120
122
113
118
115
Fleet
114
110
111
105
101
104
87
Hindmarsh
132
132
113
121
130
117
118
Keel
126
121
116
115
124
113
114
Oxford
104
95
99
82
65
72
91
Barley under malt evaluation
Compass
140
136
118
131
138
134
140
Flinders
107
111
109
96
104
100
104
LaTrobe
134
120
120
119
126
120
123
SY Rattler
107
117
75
97
104
88
84
Skipper
123
120
119
119
112
108
130
Site Mean (t/ha)
2.74
2.40
2.50
2.66
1.74
2.16
2.11
CV (%)
7
5
4
4
6
5
9
LSD (%)
12
8
6
6
11
8
16
F = Multiple frosts.
Table 7: Yield - North Central, North East and Wimmera 2014 barley trials expressed as a percentage of the yield of
Gairdner. Fungicides used on all trials except Kaniva.
Charlton
1/5/14
4.39
North Central
Colbinabbin (C)
10/6/14
4.90
North East
Wunghnu
13/5/14
5.55
Brim (C, F)
24/4/14
1.59
Wimmera
Horsham (F)
19/5/14
2.75
Sowing Date
Gairdner (t/ha)
Malting barley
Alestar
86
99
103
70
101
Bass
90
77
98
144
105
Baudin
96
76
91
90
102
Buloke
85
80
95
63
96
Charger
92
123
106
108
109
Commander
97
105
100
58
94
Fairview
102
85
96
Flagship
89
87
92
130
95
Gairdner
100
100
100
100
100
Granger
93
100
100
74
99
Macquarie
102
103
101
Maltstar
97
104
109
75
108
Navigator
101
102
100
66
93
Schooner
82
87
87
110
97
Scope
82
93
97
74
100
Westminster
79
115
98
50
84
Wimmera
91
87
99
104
Feed barley
Fathom
101
91
100
130
116
Fleet
96
117
Hindmarsh
86
78
98
82
114
Keel
Oxford
98
103
99
43
86
Barley under malt evaluation
Compass
88
99
103
117
120
Flinders
84
92
92
95
100
LaTrobe
85
84
106
85
110
SY Rattler
83
94
105
45
99
Skipper
88
98
99
122
115
Site Mean (t/ha)
3.91
4.60
5.54
1.38
2.85
CV (%)
6
10
6
12
4
LSD (%)
10
18
10
20
8
C = Caution interpreting data; Colbinabbin highly variable but no frost, Brim highly variable with frosts. F = Multiple frosts.
32
Victorian Winter Crop Summary 2013
Kaniva
5/5/14
3.62
84
113
95
92
99
90
92
86
100
91
101
98
83
91
93
90
95
112
91
110
93
108
97
100
97
107
3.53
8
12
Barley
Table 8: Protein level (%) - Mallee, North Central and Wimmera 2014 barley trials.
Mallee
North Central
Birchip
Hopetoun
Malting barley
Alestar
Bass
12.4
12.7
Baudin
Buloke
11.5
12.0
Charger
Commander
10.6
10.9
Fairview
Flagship
Gairdner
12.5
13.2
Granger
11.6
13.2
Maltstar
Navigator
Schooner
12.5
12.3
Scope
12.1
13.1
Westminster
Wimmera
Feed barley
Fathom
10.9
11.7
Fleet
11.5
11.3
Hindmarsh
11.1
10.7
Keel
11.2
9.7
Oxford
10.9
12.5
Barley under malt evaluation
Compass
10.2
10.8
Flinders
11.8
13.0
LaTrobe
10.7
10.7
Macquarie
Skipper
11.3
11.3
SY Rattler
11.1
11.5
Wimmera
Manangatang
Murrayville
Rainbow
Ultima
Walpeup
Charlton
Brim
Horsham
Kaniva
12.2
11.7
11.0
11.9
11.0
12.7
11.7
-
14.4
13.7
12.8
13.7
13.4
14.7
13.8
-
12.5
12.5
12.2
12.3
12.9
12.4
11.8
-
14.7
14.4
14.2
13.6
14.3
15.1
14.4
-
14.9
15.1
15.4
14.5
16.4
14.5
14.1
-
11.3
12.8
12.2
11.7
10.7
10.7
11.6
11.1
11.5
11.2
11.6
12.4
11.7
13.0
12.7
17.7
17.0
15.6
16.9
17.7
17.5
17.6
17.1
16.9
18.2
16.7
17.2
18.0
16.5
17.5
18.5
11.1
12.0
11.8
11.3
11.0
11.8
12.5
12.0
12.1
12.0
10.8
11.5
12.3
11.2
12.3
11.3
14.9
14.0
13.5
13.6
13.5
14.3
14.2
14.7
13.5
14.6
13.3
15.5
14.0
13.2
15.0
14.6
11.1
12.1
11.2
11.0
10.7
12.9
13.5
12.6
12.3
13.5
11.0
11.8
10.3
9.4
13.8
12.5
13.5
12.2
12.2
14.8
14.2
14.9
13.9
13.1
14.7
11.5
11.6
11.4
16.2
16.8
18.0
17.2
10.9
10.8
11.0
12.3
13.3
14.5
13.3
13.9
10.5
11.6
11.4
11.6
11.8
11.6
14.3
12.4
13.2
13.0
9.9
12.0
10.1
12.0
11.2
13.0
14.4
13.1
13.1
13.8
13.3
15.3
13.6
13.2
14.7
11.4
13.6
11.3
12.3
11.5
15.9
18.7
19.0
16.3
16.4
18.5
10.5
11.6
11.2
12.3
10.5
11.4
12.4
15.7
12.5
13.8
12.9
13.1
Table 9: Plump grain expressed as a percentage above a 2.5 mm sieve - Mallee, North Central and Wimmera 2014
barley trials.
Mallee
North Central
Wimmera
Birchip
Hopetoun
Malting barley
Alestar
Bass
96.0
92.7
Baudin
Buloke
75.5
69.1
Charger
Commander
86.7
86.9
Fairview
Flagship
Gairdner
76.8
66.7
Granger
78.4
65.9
Maltstar
Navigator
Schooner
78.9
77.1
Scope
77.0
68.8
Westminster
Wimmera
Feed barley
Fathom
91.1
92.1
Fleet
87.4
87.3
Hindmarsh
71.2
76.3
Keel
90.2
85.5
Oxford
58.6
60.3
Barley under malt evaluation
Compass
96.2
89.2
Flinders
88.1
74.9
LaTrobe
77.8
73.5
Macquarie
Skipper
92.2
86.5
SY Rattler
62.5
51.2
Manangatang
Murray-ville
Rainbow
Ultima
Walpeup
Charlton
Brim
Horsham
Kaniva
91.3
49.9
75.0
66.0
68.7
68.5
53.2
-
80.9
46.2
77.0
49.8
52.9
49.3
53.3
-
91.0
67.7
85.4
56.7
65.0
58.7
73.1
-
83.3
55.2
85.9
60.0
46.9
52.8
62.3
-
83.5
73.3
86.7
61.3
68.1
70.2
76.4
-
75.5
79.2
55.5
70.1
73.3
84.8
59.6
53.5
83.4
42.7
77.7
67.1
67.8
62.4
61.8
50.9
49.6
27.0
42.1
60.4
81.6
26.4
35.2
25.8
44.7
36.0
58.4
32.7
50.8
43.2
33.6
54.3
79.0
37.3
54.4
46.6
70.9
47.1
26.4
35.5
49.7
26.4
66.7
45.9
61.0
59.7
55.0
38.7
70.8
34.7
20.7
28.4
69.1
44.7
19.9
21.4
44.0
14.1
55.2
44.7
39.1
46.0
42.3
89.3
77.0
67.0
88.4
50.8
87.3
78.9
64.1
74.2
44.1
87.5
88.0
72.5
78.0
62.9
91.0
85.1
70.4
86.3
47.1
93.6
89.0
72.0
63.2
79.2
86.0
63.9
60.2
87.7
77.9
67.4
48.6
73.0
80.0
70.9
32.5
71.8
34.6
26.0
38.2
84.5
78.0
55.2
89.3
40.6
84.4
62.4
69.2
85.7
48.7
94.4
57.7
83.1
86.0
52.3
93.8
64.8
68.4
90.0
43.2
89.6
72.2
66.5
73.6
73.6
84.0
63.0
53.9
81.0
61.9
86.0
36.4
45.6
32.3
73.9
51.3
71.2
49.8
37.5
43.9
74.9
24.8
66.5
42.4
30.9
30.4
51.7
29.3
Victorian Winter Crop Summary 2015
33
Barley
Table 10: Yield, protein level (%) and plump grain - South West 2014 long season barley trials. Yield expressed as a
percentage of the yield of Gairdner, plump grain expressed as a percentage above a 2.5 mm sieve. Fungicides used on
all trials.
Yield (%)
Crop Type
Hamilton
(C)
Streatham
Sowing Date
7/5/14
16/5/14
Gairdner (t/ha)
6.41
6.07
Malting barley
Alestar
107
114
Bass
106
112
Charger
101
112
Commander
109
108
Fairview
103
114
Gairdner
100
100
Granger
106
110
Maltstar
113
113
Navigator
107
105
Vlamingh
100
107
Westminster
103
96
Wimmera
103
103
Feed barley
Capstan
107
114
Maritime
97
94
Oxford
107
110
Urambie
105
107
Barley under malt evaluation
Compass
86
108
Flinders
108
109
SY Rattler
99
95
Protein (%)
Teesdale
Plump grain (%)
Hamilton
Streatham
Teesdale
Hamilton
Streatham
Teesdale
112
118
100
103
108
100
106
112
103
101
103
107
9.7
10.7
10.0
9.8
10.5
9.7
10.4
9.3
9.4
11.0
10.4
10.4
13.6
15.1
14.0
14.4
14.2
15.1
15.1
13.1
15.0
15.4
14.5
15.6
10.9
11.8
11.3
10.6
10.9
11.8
11.4
10.1
10.2
11.9
11.3
11.4
95.3
97.4
89.6
94.7
96.1
86.4
94.1
85.5
98.6
96.5
94.7
91.9
81.8
94.6
76.8
86.2
80.7
60.1
78.2
70.9
82.5
86.3
82.2
85.8
77.6
87.8
48.3
80.7
74.8
49.2
79.6
60.5
86.5
85.4
79.0
78.1
117
92
112
114
9.5
11.0
10.2
10.4
15.7
15.6
14.6
13.4
10.7
10.9
11.1
10.4
82.9
95.9
74.1
68.1
67.6
93.1
96.5
61.0
59.4
88.4
68.9
42.7
99
114
99
10.4
11.3
11.0
13.5
15.7
14.5
10.2
11.4
10.8
98.0
90.6
83.3
89.1
78.9
66.2
85.9
85.3
59.9
15/5/14
6.34
Site Mean (t/ha)
6.71
6.58
6.80
CV (%)
3
5
3
LSD (%)
6
8
6
C = Caution interpreting data; frost at Hamilton.
ACKNOWLEDGEMENTS
Frank Henry
Mark McLean
Grant Hollaway
David Moody
Stewart Coventry
34
Department of Economic Development, Jobs, Transport and Resources, Hamilton
Department of Economic Development, Jobs, Transport and Resources, Horsham
Department of Economic Development, Jobs, Transport and Resources, Horsham
InterGrain, Perth
University of Adelaide
Victorian Winter Crop Summary 2013