Aquaculture
Research group Aquaculture
Research group Aquaculture of the Delta Academy has his focus on sustainable saline aquaculture in in
and outside the region Zeeland. Aquaculture is the controlled production of saline crops, algae,
seaweed, ragworms, shellfish and fish. Cultivation of these organisms can take place in several
(intensive and extensive) ways. The research group Aquaculture has built up an extensive network of
Small and Medium Enterprises (SME), consultancies and knowledge institutes involved in aquaculture in
and outside the Netherlands. The main research topics are; Integrated MultiTrophic Aquaculture
(IMTA), new species to the Dutch situation (such as lobster and abalone), improvement of cultivation
environments, groundwater suitability, quality aspects in shellfish cultivation and algae cultivation.
The research group Aquaculture uses a full-fledged research facility SEA Lab, in which many applied
research (experiments) is carried out.
Minor/ Internship/ final thesis topics
1. Purification/nutrient uptake of effluent from shellfish ponds by means of a seaweed filter
Shellfish cultivation on land is being researched in the Province of Zeeland by means of pilot farms.
Some of these pilot farms want to reuse water by means of recirculation. Whereas intensive fish
farms mostly use ‘destruction’ of valuable nutrients (nitrification and de-nitrification), different
companies in the Netherlands are nowadays looking into the possibilities of treating their process
water by means of seaweeds. In this way the nutrients are converted to a marketable product.
Experience shows that in every season a specific seaweed grows best, and/or has the best
resistance against predators. For instance, the brown macro algae Fucus shows the best results in
spring. For autumn and winter it is possible that other species grow better and as a result of
growth, have the best purification capacity. Tests have to be carried out to determine the best
seaweed species for autumn and winter.
This research will (partly) take place in Yerseke and involves i.a. biomass measurements and
nutrient analyses.
Research type: literature study and experiments
Research level: minor/ internship / final thesis
Prerequisite: good understanding of biology/chemistry; good analytical skills; driver’s license.
Researcher involved: research group aquaculture (Jorik Creemers)
Period: 1st semester 2012-13
2. Role of feed ingredients in the developments of flavours in oysters
There is a distinct difference in flavour (taste and smell) between the Pacific cupped oyster
(Crassostrea gigas) and the European flat oyster (Ostrea edulis) both species according to experts,
although scientific data are lacking. Literature states that both smell and taste of the oysters can
be effected by dietary changes, where fatty acids play an important role in the formation of odours
in oysters. One of the first steps in this PhD research from researcher Jasper van Houcke is the
assessment of biochemical differences between the above mentioned oyster species. Besides the
fatty acid profile, parameters such as protein-, carbohydrate-and glycogen composition will be
measured during this research.
Research portfolio DA – Applied Research Centre September 2012 – January 2013
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This research will take place in the lab in Vlissingen and involves i.a. different analytical methods
(gas chromatograph).
Research type: literature study and lab analysis
Research level: minor/ internship for chemistry or water management student
Prerequisite: good understanding of chemistry; good analytical skills.
Researcher involved: research group aquaculture (Jasper van Houcke)
Period: 1st semester 2012-13
3. Groundwater suitability
Different aquaculture companies want to use groundwater as their source for production. In the
Province of Zeeland saline groundwater is present almost everywhere. The depth where saline
groundwater is available (5 – 300 meter) can be different at different locations. On the other hand
groundwater characteristics can differ from location to location. In some places there are
indications that groundwater causes unwanted reactions for cultured species (algae and shellfish).
Companies ask for a better insight in how groundwater characteristics differ from place to place
and what suitable compositions are for which aquaculture activities.
This research will take place in the SEA-Lab in Vlissingen and involves i.a. bioassay experiments.
Research type: literature study and experiments
Research level: minor/ internship/ final thesis
Prerequisite: good understanding of biology/chemistry; good analytical skills.
Researcher involved: research group aquaculture (Tony van der Hiele)
Period: ongoing
4. Algae for Industrial purposes
The industry in Terneuzen (Zeeuws Vlaanderen) produces waste, in terms of phosphorous, nitrogen
compounds, smoke gases and residual heat. The project Algae for Industrial purposes aims to use
this waste for the culture of algae, resulting in biomass production (algae) and water purification.
Fresh water algae are to be tested in terms of growth and nutrient uptake on a specific industrial
waste water.
This research will take place in the SEA-Lab in Vlissingen and involves i.a. the culture of algae and
nutrient analyses
Research type: literature study and experiments
Research level: minor/ internship/final thesis
Prerequisite: good understanding of biology/chemistry; good analytical skills.
Researcher involved: research group aquaculture (Pim van Dalen)
Period: 1st semester 2012-13
5. Promising new species
Some innovative shellfish companies are looking for new species to culture in land based pond
systems. Literature research and experiments must be done to review the cultivation possibilities
for certain species.
Research type: literature study and experiments
Research level: final thesis  position already filled
Prerequisite: good understanding of biology, practical skills
Researcher involved: research group aquaculture (Tony van der Hiele)
Period: 1st semester 2012-13
Research portfolio DA – Applied Research Centre September 2012 – January 2013
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6. Fish/seaweed
Possibilities to work on one of the research programs at IFAPA (Andalusian Aquaculture Institute) in
Cadiz, Spain
Research type: literature study and experiments
Research level: internship
Prerequisite: good understanding of biology/chemistry; good analytical skills.
Researcher involved: research group aquaculture
Period: 1st semester 2012-13
7. Role of worms in RAS/IMTA
Possibilities to work on one of the research programs at Ifremer station Palavas, France
Research type: literature study and experiments
Research level: internship  position already filled
Prerequisite: good understanding of biology/chemistry; good analytical skills.
Researcher involved: research group aquaculture (Jorik Creemers)
Period: 1st semester 2012-13
Study project assignments
1. Design and testing a system to show a variety of live aquaculture products
The research group Aquaculture is present at about 5 aquaculture related fairs a year. At the
moment we present reports, show some algae and flyers. We would like to have a system which is
an attraction to the public: representative, easy to move and where we can show all kinds of
aquaculture organisms. For instance: a compartment with sediment to show worms, and different
compartments for shellfish and or lobster. When the system is designed and build, a series of tests
must be run with different kinds of organisms.
This project will take place in the SEA-Lab in Vlissingen and involves i.a. designing a small scale
system, and testing the system with different types of aquaculture organisms.
Research type: literature study and tests
Research level: study project
Prerequisite: good understanding of biology/chemistry; practical and construction skills
Researcher involved: research group aquaculture (Jorik Creemers/Tony van der Hiele)
Period: 1st semester 2012-13
2. Monitoring of a natural algae pond
The KMWP has a pilot pond system to cultivate shellfish. The algae for the shellfish are grown in a
natural pond, fed with saline groundwater. The last few years, macro algae (seaweed) covered the
pond, resulting in lower growth of algae. The problem was tackled by mechanically removing the
macro algae. To control further (or renewed) growth of this seaweed, monitoring is necessary and
solutions to prevent recurring of the seaweed must be found.
The research will take place at the pond in Wilhelminadorp and some controlled tests in the SEALab Vlissingen.
Research type: monitoring and tests
Research level: study project
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Prerequisite: good understanding of biology/chemistry; drivers license
Researcher involved: research group aquaculture (Jorik Creemers)
Period: 1st semester 2012-13
3. Causes of a longer lag-phase during algae culture in saline groundwater?
Many land based shellfish pilot farms are using saline groundwater as a nutrient rich medium for
the cultivation of algae. Experiences show that the lag-phase (the acclimatizing phase before the
exponential growth phase of the culture) is longer in groundwater than in (artificial) seawater.
Causes might be found in the availability of the nitrogen source ammonia or nitrate. Experiments
with algae culture on different sources of N and determining growth rates are necessary to answer
this question.
This research will take place in the SEA-Lab in Vlissingen and involves i.a. the cultivation of algae.
Research type: literature study and experiments
Research level: study projects
Prerequisite: good understanding of biology/chemistry; good analytical skills.
Researcher involved: research group aquaculture (Tony van der Hiele)
Period: 1st semester 2012-13
Research portfolio DA – Applied Research Centre September 2012 – January 2013
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Research assignments Building with Nature 2012-2013
Introduction
As a result of changes in societal demand and technical developments, water management and
engineering are moving from hard traditional structures like dikes and dams, to designs in which
natural structures and processes are incorporated. One of the underlying factors in this development is
the increasing awareness of the impacts of climate change and its effect on water levels and extreme
events. Furthermore, water managers are expected to create more safety, opportunities for
recreation, and other benefits, with increasingly smaller budgets. This requires infrastructure that
combines multiple functions.
Building with Living Nature, is part of the Building with Nature concept. Where ‘Building with Nature’
mainly focusses on solutions that use abiotic natural processes (e.g. wind and currents that disperse
sand), Building with Living Nature aims at using ecosystems that aid in flood risk mitigation, such as
oyster reefs for wave attenuation and sediment capture.
Current research themes include
1) Identifying abiotic and biotic controlling variables for ecosystems used in coastal protection.
2) Optimizing the design of oyster reefs used for coastal protection
3) Identification of the effects of Building with Living Nature solutions in the Eastern Scheldt on the
functioning (other ecosystem functions) of the Eastern Scheldt
4) Design and implementation of Building with Nature solutions for flood protection, including safety
assessments for the specific building blocks and the acquisition of permits
5) Transfer of knowledge by means of an expertise management method
1. Effect of size, shape and orientation of oyster reefs on habitat diversification
BwN solutions aim at creating additional value, next to the primary target function. The primary
target functions of the artificial oyster reefs in the Eastern Scheldt are wave reduction and
sediment capture. Additional values can be found in creating additional microhabitats for other
organisms. Behind and in-between the natural oyster reefs in the Eastern Scheldt, a system of small
pools and gullies are developing. In the artificial oyster reefs, this has only developed in one
specific case. This research aims at identifying the factors that are creating the pools and gullies.
Knowledge developed can be used in future designs for artificial oyster reefs.
Research type: field research, GIS
Research level: Water management students and/or Civil engineering students: study project,
minor, internship or graduation bachelor thesis project. Level of the assignment can be adjusted
Prerequisite: interest in morphology, GIS; eye for ecology
Customer: Carla Pesch and João Paiva; HZ partners in RAAK project
Period: semester 1 and semester 2, 2012-2013
Research portfolio DA – Applied Research Centre September 2012 – January 2013
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2. Relation between the shape, size and orientation of oyster reefs and the condition of the
oysters
The advantage of using oyster reefs in flood protection is that reefs will grow in height and will
therefore be able to keep pace with sea level rise. It is therefore important that the oysters
growing on the reef are in good condition. This could be affected by the position of the oysters in
the reef, which in its turn can be controlled by the size, shape and orientation of the oyster reef
and can therefore be translated into future design criteria for oyster reefs. Size, shape and
orientation determine the direction of the current flowing over the reefs, and therefore the food
availability to the oysters. This research aims at identify factors that affect the condition of
oysters.
Research type: field research and lab analysis
Research level: Water management students and/or Civil engineering students: study project,
minor, internship or graduation bachelor thesis project. Level of the assignment can be adjusted
Prerequisite: interest in ecology, morphology, and fluid dynamics
Customer: Carla Pesch and João Paiva, HZ partners in RAAK project
Period: semester 1 and semester 2, 2012-2013
3. Structuring the process of design guidelines and calculation rules (such for as wave
attenuation, but also sediment fixation) for building blocks of flood protection solutions in Vue
graph
Existing knowledge in the field of designing flood protection solutions should be made available for
professionals. The first step after the collection of the guidelines and rules, will be the structured
transfer into the Vue software. Ultimately, knowledge will be made available in a semantic wiki
Research type: desk research
Research level: Civil engineering students: minor or internship
Prerequisite: interest in IT and in flood protection guidelines and calculation rules
Customer: Hans de Bruyn and Hans Filius; HZ partner in RAAK Project
Period: semester 1, 2012-2013
4. Structuring legal possibilities and limitations for building blocks of flood protection solutions in
Vue graph
Existing knowledge in the field of permits and development possibilities for flood protection
solutions should be made available for professionals. The first step after the collection of the
guidelines and rules, will be the structured transfer into the Vue software. Ultimately, knowledge
will be made available in a semantic wiki. This project will focus on the possibilities and limitations
set by the Natura 2000 legislation
Research type: desk research
Research level: Delta management students, Water management students, Civil engineering
students: study project
Prerequisite: ability to read Dutch, interest in IT and in flood protection permits
Customer: Hans de Bruyn and Hans Filius, Paul Vader; HZ partner in RAAK Project
Period: semester 1, 2012-2013
Research portfolio DA – Applied Research Centre September 2012 – January 2013
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5. Structuring the process of safety assessments for building blocks of flood protection solutions
in Vue graph
Existing knowledge in the field of safety assessment (failure mechanisms) for building blocks of
flood protection solutions should be made available for professionals. The first step after the
collection of the guidelines and rules, will be the structured transfer into the Vue software.
Ultimately, knowledge will be made available in a semantic wiki. This project will focus on 3 cases,
2 of which are in the Eastern Scheldt and 1 in the Western Scheldt: the Oesterdam (sand
nourishment + artificial oyster reefs) and Sophia beach (sand nourishment) in the Eastern Scheldt,
and the Clay dike (kleidijk) in the Western Scheldt
Research type: desk research
Research level: Civil engineering students: minor or internship
Prerequisite: interest in IT and in flood protection safety assessments
Customer: Hans de Bruyn and Hans Filius; HZ partner in RAAK Project
Period: semester 1, 2012-2013
Study project assignments
1. Effect of Rich Revetments in the Eastern Scheldt on Natura 2000 targets
The Building with Nature approach aims at creating additional values on top of the target value
(such as coastal protection). In the Eastern Scheldt, a number of BwN applications have been
implemented. These include Building with Living Nature solutions such as artificial oyster reefs,
Building for Nature applications such as Rich Revetments, and Building with Nature applications per
se, such as sand nourishments on the Galgeplaat, and the planned nourishments at Sophiastrand
and the Oesterdam.
The Eastern Scheldt is also protected area and part of the Natura 2000 network that is created
within the framework of the Birds and Habitats Directive.
This research aims at identifying the effect of Rich Revetments, implemented in the Eastern
Scheldt, on the Natura 2000 targets for the Eastern Scheldt.
Research type: desk research and interviews, field visits
Research level: study project
Prerequisite: good understanding of biology/ecology, communication skills, at least half of the
group of students should be able to read Dutch
Researcher(s) involved: research group Building with Nature (Carla Pesch/Paul Vader)
Period: 1st semester 2012 – 2013
2. Effect of Building with Nature sand nourishments in the Eastern Scheldt on Natura 2000 targets
The Building with Nature approach aims at creating additional values on top of the target value
(such as coastal protection). In the Eastern Scheldt, a number of BwN applications have been
implemented. These include Building with Living Nature solutions such as artificial oyster reefs,
Building for Nature applications such as rich revetments, and Building with Nature applications per
se, such as sand nourishments on the Galgeplaat, and the planned nourishments at Sophiastrand
and the Oesterdam.
Research portfolio DA – Applied Research Centre September 2012 – January 2013
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The Eastern Scheldt is also protected area and part of the Natura 2000 network that is created
within the framework of the Birds and Habitats Directive.
This research aims at identifying the effect of Building with Nature sand nourishments in the
Eastern Scheldt, on the Natura 2000 targets for the Eastern Scheldt.
Research type: desk research and interviews,field visits
Research level: study project
Prerequisite: good understanding of biology/ecology, communication skills, interest in
morphology. At least half of the group of students should be able to read Dutch
Researcher(s) involved: research group Building with Nature (João Paiva/Paul Vader)
Period: 1st semester 2012 – 2013
Research portfolio DA – Applied Research Centre September 2012 – January 2013
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Research assignments Water Technology 2012-2013
Introduction
The research group water technology aims at development of applicable technologies for sustainable
water (re)use in a combined fresh/saline delta.
Current research themes include
1) Recycling of surface and process water for industry, agriculture and aquaculture. Examples are
reuse of cooling tower water, rainwater runoff and industrial wastewater.
2) Recovery of valuable content in waste water. Examples are acoustic particle filtering and nutrient
recovery.
3) Monitoring and sensoring. Examples are smart sensoring to monitor water quality and prevent
corrosion in power plant turbines and control of biofouling in water systems with ultrasound.
1. Title: Prevention of biofouling using low frequency US travelling waves.
Biological contamination in recycled water is one of the main causes of water quality
deterioration in food industry and aquaculture. Prevention at this moment is mainly done with
chemicals. However, in order to limit the amount of chemicals added, new techniques like
ultrasound are being investigated. The aim is to study the effects of travelling acoustic waves,
frequency and intensity on prevention of biofouling in tanks and pipes.
Research type: experiments
Research level: bachelor minor, internship or graduation (level can easily be adapted)
Prerequisite: physical and microbiological interest
Customer: HZ and partners in RAAK project
Period: semester 1, 2012-2013
2. Title: Determining the disinfection rates of algal species using ultrasonic standing waves (USW)
and analysis of harvested cell content
Recently we found that algae can be destroyed rather quickly using acoustic standing waves.
The aim it to determine what happens to the algae and what cell content can be harvested
from these experiments.
Research type: experiments
Research level: bachelor minor, internship or graduation (level can easily be adapted)
Prerequisite: biological and chemical interest
Customer: Hans Cappon, Michiel Michels, WUR
Period: semester 1, 2012-2013
3. Title: Ultrafiltration run characterization in a well-conditioned environment
Evides water company is interested in characterization of membrane filtration runs. The
question is whether we’re able to predict the fouling potential of water by first characterizing
the normal operation of a filter in a conditioned environment and comparing this to runs in a
potentially fouling environment. For this purpose a pilot unit is built in HZ SEA Lab. A test and
analysis program should be defined by the student.
Research type: experiments
Research level: bachelor minor, internship or graduation (level can be adapted)
Prerequisite: good understanding of statistics; interest in process control
Research portfolio DA – Applied Research Centre September 2012 – January 2013
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Customer: Evides Water company
Period: semester 1, 2012-2013
4. Title: Mild desalination of buffer water for industrial and agricultural reuse (pilot)
DOW Benelux B.V. and Evides water company are building a mild desalination pilot at the
Evides DECO plant in Terneuzen. The desalination plant will use (brackish) rainwater runoff for
reuse in industry and agriculture taking into account seasonal changes of the (rain)water
quality. Subject of study are the plant operation, fouling, water quality analysis and filtration
performance.
Research type: experiments
Research level: bachelor minor, internship or graduation (level can be adapted)
Prerequisite: understanding of RO systems and interest in process control
Customer: Evides Water company
Period: semester 1, 2012-2013
5. Title: Disinfection of fresh recycled water with ultrasound at DOW Benelux
Micro-biological contamination in recycle water may cause pathogenic outbreaks of for
instance Legionella. The aim of this assignment is to determine the effectiveness of low
frequency ultrasound on disinfection of recycled water from a WWTP.
Research type: on-site experiments
Research level: internship or graduation (level can easily be adapted)
Prerequisite: physical and microbiological interest
Customer: DOW Benelux BV
Period: semester 1, 2012-2013
6. Title: Numerical modeling and validation of maximum allowable flow in ultrasonic standing
wave (USW) separators.
Acoustic separation is a relatively new method of recovering valuable particulate matter from
suspensions. This technique is mainly applied in biotechnology and medical technology, but our
aim is to apply this technique on large scale for wastewater treatment in food industry. The
aim is to study the variables and limits determining the maximum flow rate in these new
filters.
Research type: experiments and flow simulations
Research level: bachelor / master thesis project
Prerequisite: good understanding of physics
Customer: Hans Cappon, Wetsus Leeuwarden
Period: semester 1, 2012-2013
Internships and graduation projects outside HZ
7. Pilot plant Harnaschpolder ( Delft, The Hague), Evides & Veolia & Rossmark
In 2009 a pilot plant at the Harnaschpolder WWPT was constructed to explore the possibilities
of advanced treatment of WWTP effluent for the suppletion of fresh surface water, aquifer
recharge and to provide an alternative source for greenhouse water. Advanced treatment of
WWTP effluent is required to reach surface water quality at maximum tolerable risk standard
(MTR) level, a guideline for surface water quality of the Dutch government, and to produce
greenhouse water. The objective of the pilot research is to demonstrate that surface water and
greenhouse water can be produced from WWTP effluent at a reliable and cost effective way.
Research portfolio DA – Applied Research Centre September 2012 – January 2013
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Two treatment lines are available: the reference line which contains conventional technologies
and the innovative line which contains new technologies. The objective of the innovative line is
to produce water more cost effective compared to the reference line.
Contact: Hans Cappon, Sigrid Scherrenberg (TU Delft)
Research portfolio DA – Applied Research Centre September 2012 – January 2013
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Assignments from the Research Group Water Safety and Spatial
Development
Introduction
Water safety and spatial development (WSD) is a crucial factor in developing Deltas, WSD is a
systematic and integrated approach of the three main lines of defense against flooding;
1. civil engineering to protect the land against flooding
2. land use planning to prevent damage and to develop economic vitality and ecological resilience
3. crisis management to mitigate personal and economic losses
The three aspects of WSD are to be seen in a balance between safety, economic vitality and ecological
resilience. The framework of Resilient Deltas in a ecological, economic and social context is the main
focal point of research and education, developing community resilience is the cornerstone of research
for the next 4 years.
Research assignment 1.
Lector: Dick Fundter
Assisted by Marty van der Klundert (ass prof.)
Max of the group 4 persons
Question: How to keep the area, its building environment and its economic activities free of flooding?
While rising sea water levels are to be expected due to climate change and its effects it is of great
importance to understand the threat of flooding for these areas
Research type:
- Analyze the heights and depths of the area by the use of GIS mapping;
- Implement a research on the build environment of the area;
- Make an analysis of the main types of objects and their construction;
- Interpret results and make a (innovative) design to protect constructions and areas ;
- Evaluation of costs/benefits and Reporting.
Research level: bachelor minor or internship (level can be adapted)
Prerequisite: good understanding of Civil engineering/hydraulics
Customer: Dick Fundter
Period: 2012/2013
Research assignment 2.
Lector: Dick Fundter
Assisted by member of CT team
Max of the group 4 persons
Question: While rising sea water levels are to be expected due to climate change and its effects it is of
great importance to understand the threat of flooding for constructions in a build environment
especially the effects on the fundaments of construction because of the influence of water in the
underground, tidal movements and waves.
Research portfolio DA – Applied Research Centre September 2012 – January 2013
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Research type:
- Analyze the heights and depths of the area by the use of GIS mapping;
- Implement a research on the build environment of the area;
- Make an analysis of the main types of objects and their construction;
- Interpret results and make a (innovative) design to protect the fundaments of constructions;
- Evaluation of costs/benefits and Reporting.
Research level: bachelor minor or internship (level can be adapted)
Prerequisite: good understanding of Civil engineering/hydraulics
Customer: Dick Fundter
Period: 2012/2013
Research assignment 3.
Lector: Dick Fundter
Assisted by Marty van der Klundert (ass prof.)
Max of the group 4 persons
Question: How to keep the area, its building environment and its economic activities free of flooding
by using compartments in the dijkring/area
While rising sea water levels are to be expected due to climate change and its effects it is of great
importance to understand the threat of flooding for these areas and the use of compartments in the
area to support the efforts of multilevel WSD. Vital infrastructure like hospitals, schools, energy
suppliers are vulnerable for flooding. Because of their vital function for society it is crucial to protect
this kind of infrastructure.
Research type:
- Analyze the heights and depths of the area by the use of GIS mapping;
- Implement a research on the build environment and economic activities of the area;
- Make an analysis of the main types of objects and economic activities (incl interdependencies
between activities), safety standards and available infrastructure for compartments;
- Make an analysis of possible new infrastructure to support compartments
- Interpret results and make a (innovative) design to protect the area by using compartments
- Evaluation of costs/benefits and Reporting.
Research level: bachelor minor or internship (level can be adapted)
Prerequisite: good understanding of Civil engineering/hydraulics/economics
Customer: Dick Fundter
Period: 2012/2013
Research assignment 4.
Lector: Dick Fundter
Assisted by the research team resilience
Max of the group 6 persons (interdisciplinary)
Question: How to initiate social/economic resilience in Deltas by using the strength of individual and
community resilience as an integrated part of WSD in Deltas
While rising sea water levels are to be expected due to climate change and its effects it is of great
importance to understand the threat of flooding for the Delta areas. Resilience is a mechanism to
support communities to be less vulnerable for flooding in the future
Research portfolio DA – Applied Research Centre September 2012 – January 2013
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Research type:
- Analyze the social and economic vulnerability of the area;
- Implement a research on the social and economic strength of the area;
- Make an analysis of the main types of social and economic processes of the area and their
interdependencies;
- Interpret results and make a (innovative) design to stimulate community resilience ;
- Evaluation of costs/benefits and Reporting.
Research level: bachelor minor or internship (level can be adapted)
Prerequisite: good understanding of water management, social structures and economics
Customer: Dick Fundter
Period: 2012/2013
Research portfolio DA – Applied Research Centre September 2012 – January 2013
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