Grade 7 Chapter 10 Review
Modified True/False
Indicate whether the statement is true or false. If false, change the identified word or phrase to make the statement true.
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1. The hardest mineral on Mohs Hardness Scale is quartz.
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2. A cliff that shows obvious horizontal layers of rock is probably igneous rock.
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3. On the Mohs Hardness Scale, 1 is the hardness of diamond, and 10 is the hardness of an ordinary
pencil lead.
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4. Cleavage and fracture are properties that indicate how a mineral breaks.
_____________________________________________________________________
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5. One of the tests that can distinguish between two minerals that look alike is the streak test.
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6. When you describe the lustre of a mineral, you are referring to the intensity of its colour.
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7. A copper penny will easily scratch a piece of quartz.
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8. Glass contains the same elements as quartz. Glass is a mineral.
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9. Parent rock is created from metamorphic rock.
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____ 10. The words glassy, dull, and metallic refer to a mineral’s fracture.
Completion
Complete each statement.
11. A mineral with straight edges, flat sides, and regular angles is in the form of a(n)
____________________ , as shown below.
12. Some minerals break cleanly along smooth, flat, parallel surfaces. These parallel surfaces are called
__________________________.
13. Igneous rock that was formed when magma was forced into spaces below Earth’s surface is called
____________________ igneous rock.
14. The process in which pieces of sediments are held together by another material is called
______________________.
15. Whenever one kind of rock has been changed into a metamorphic rock, the original rock is always
called the ____________________ rock.
16. A(n) __________ is a pure, naturally occurring, inorganic, solid substance.
17. Three different classifications of lustre are __________ , __________ , and __________.
18. In the __________ test, the unknown mineral is rubbed onto an unglazed porcelain tile.
19. Magma that has reached the surface and is flowing over the surrounding rocks is called __________.
20. Magma that has cooled and hardened on Earth’s surface is called ______________ rock.
21. The pure solid substances that make up a rock are called ____________.
22. Feldspar is a(n) ____________ , while granite is a(n) ____________ .
23. The family of rocks that form from molten material is the ____________________ rock family.
Matching
Match each term to an appropriate definition. Each term is used only once.
a. fracture
f. magma
b. cleavage
g. igneous
c. hardness
h. metamorphic
d. lustre
i. lava
e. streak
j. sedimentary
____ 24. Split into clean, smooth layers
____ 25. Molten material that flows on the surface of Earth
____ 26. Break that displays rough, irregular surfaces
____ 27. Rocks formed from ancient sea beds
____ 28. Mark left on a piece of unglazed tile when a mineral is rubbed on it
____ 29. Material from Earth’s mantle that flows under pressure
____ 30. Measure of a substance’s resistance to scratching
____ 31. The rock family that forms from molten material
____ 32. Shininess that depends on how light is reflected from the surface
____ 33. Rocks that are transformed by great heat and pressure
Match each term to an appropriate example. Each term is used only once.
a. fracture
f. magma
b. cleavage
g. igneous
c. hardness
h. metamorphic
d. lustre
i. obsidian
e. streak
j. sedimentary
____ 34. Hard, black stone found on the edges of volcanoes
____ 35. Red hot melted minerals found under Earth’s surface
____ 36. Diamond can scratch or cut all other minerals.
____ 37. Limestone, containing fossils of plants and animals
____ 38. Granite, basalt, and obsidian
____ 39. Quartz crystals have smooth, shiny, glassy sides.
____ 40. Quartz breaks, revealing rough, irregular edges.
____ 41. Marble forms from limestone under intense pressure and heat.
____ 42. Iron ore is recognized by a reddish brown colour.
____ 43. Feldspar splits easily along two distinct planes.
Short Answer
44. Quartz is a common substance, widely distributed in Earth’s crust. Quartz is composed of silicon and
oxygen, and may contain traces of other elements. Is quartz a mineral? Give reasons for your
answer.
45. How is extrusive rock formed?
46. A stream carries sediments into a lake. Describe the three processes that will change these sediments
into sedimentary rocks. Provide one example
47. What are two key factors causing the formation of metamorphic rock? Can this formation process
take place on Earth’s surface? Explain your answer.
48. Four substances are classified according to the Mohs Hardness Scale. The information is plotted on a
graph as shown below.
a) Which of the substances would be able to scratch substance D?
b) Is substance C quartz? Explain your answer.
c) Why does the Hardness Value axis stop at 10?
d) What is substance B? Why is there only one possible answer?
49. You have found two mineral samples that appear to be similar, yet you suspect that they may in fact
be different. Describe any tests you could perform to distinguish between two minerals that look
very similar.
50. Label the following diagram:
1. ____________________
2. ____________________
3. ____________________
4. ____________________
5. ____________________
6. ____________________
51. Briefly explain how magma is different from lava.
Essay
52. Draw and label a simple diagram of the rock cycle, including the three main rock families. Write a
paragraph to explain how the rock cycle works. Start and end your explanation with magma