Name:
Chapter 4 review
Answers
Period:______
Date due: ______________
Use these choices to identify the major tissue type in each case.
Connective
Epithelium
Connective
Epithelium
Epithelium
Connective
Connective
Connective
Epithelium
1.
2.
3.
4.
5.
6.
7.
Forms membranes
Supports and reinforces body organs
Cells of this tissue may absorb or secrete substances
Forms exocrine and endocrine glands
Surrounds and cushions body organs
Characterized by large amounts of extra cellular material
Widely distributed throughout body coould be epitheliium too
List the 6 (six) major functions of epithelial tissue
1) protection
2)absorption
3)filtration
4)excretion
5)secretion
6)sensory reception
List the 6 (six) special characteristics of epithelial tissue
1) polarity= apical (top) and basal(bottom)
2) specialized contacts= tight junctions and desmosomes
3) supported by connective tissue
4) innervated=supplied by nerves
5) avascular=no blood supply
6)regenerative
Matching
B
1. Lines most of intestines
A. pseudostratified ciliated columnar et
F
2. Lines inside of mouth
B. simple columnar et
A
3. Lines much of respiratory tract
C. simple cuboidal et
D
4. Endothelium
D. simple squamous et
E
5. Lines urinary bladder
E. transitional et
C
6. In glands and ducts of glands
F. stratified squamous et
Matching
C
1. Protection from abrasion
A. transitional et
D
2. Diffusion
B. cilia
B
3. Propel mucus
C. stratified squamous et
A
4. Stretches
D. simple squamous et
E
5. Absorption, secretion
E. simple columnar et
Glands one or more cells that make and secrete (export) a product
Define
Exocrine: secrete product onto body surface or into body cavity; example mucous, sweat, oil, salivary
Endocrine: secrete product directly into interstial space and product (hormone) enters blood or lymph;
example thyroid, pituitary
What is the difference between tubular and alveolar glands? Tubular is long cylinder; alveolar is sac like
True or false. If the statement is false, change underlined word to make it true.
T
1. Exocrine glands are classified functionally as merocrine, holocrine, or apocrine.
Merocrine
2. Most exocrine glands are apocrine.
T
3. Holocrine glands store secretions until the whole cell ruptures.
Merocrine
4. Sweat glands are examples of holocrine glands
T
5. Merocrine glands release secretions by exocytosis.
Choose EXOCRINE or ENDOCRINE
EXOCRINE
1. Has a duct to carry secretions
ENDOCRINE 2. Examples are thyroid and adrenal
EXOCRINE
3. More numerous of the two glands
ENDOCRINE 4. Secrete hormones directly into blood to be carried to target organ
EXOCRINE
5. Example is pancreas as it produces digestive enzymes
Connective tissue
Use the following choices to identify the connective tissue
A. Adipose ct
B. Areolar ct
C. Dense regular ct
D. Dense irregular ct
E. Elastic cartilage
F. Fibrocartilage
G. Hyaline cartilage
H. Reticular ct
C
1. Parallel bundles of collagen fibers; forms tendons and ligaments
A
2. Stores fat
D
3. Dermis of skin
B
4. Under epithelial tissue; contains many fibers and cell types
G
5. Forms embryonic skeleton; covers surface of long bones
A
6. Insulates body
G
7. Firm matrix, milky white and glassy. Contains much water.
F
8. Parallel collagen fibers in cartilage found in intervetebral discs
H
9. Soft “skeleton” or framework for some organs including lymph nodes
E
10. External ear and epiglottis
Matching
D
1. Chondrocytes
A. Embryonic tissue that give rise to all connective tissue
C
2. Matrix
B. in areolar ct; engulf cellular debris
B
3. Macrophage
C. composed of ground substance and fibers
A
4. Mesenchyme
D. cells that maintain matrix in cartilage
E
5. Collagen fibers
E. tough protein fibers that resists longitudinal tearing
F
6. Mast cell
F. in aerolar ct; contain histamine.
Name: ANSWERS
Chapter 5 review
1.
Period:______
Date due: ______________
Name the tissue composing the epidermis. STRATIFIED SQUAMOUS E.T.
2. What two tissues make up the dermis? The largest part of the dermis is made of which one?
Areolar ct
largest part made of dense irregular ct
3. Define terms briefly
a. Lines of cleavage-less dense areas of dense irregular ct; important in surgery
b. Striae-stretching and tearing of dermis aka stretch marks
c. Flexure lines—dermal folds near joints;
d. Wrinkles-caused by decreased elasticity and loss of subcutaneous tissue
4. Use the following choices
a. S. basale (basal layer)
c.S. granulosum (granular layer)
e S.spinosum (Prickly layer)
g. Reticular layer
i.Dermis (as a whole)
d
b
f
i
a
b
i
e
h
j
a
a
c
b
i
b.
d.
f.
h.
j.
S. corneum (horny layer)
S. Lucidium (clear layer)
Papillary layer
Epidermis (as a whole)
hypodermis
1. Layer of translucent cells, only in thick skin
2. Layer containing all or mostly dead cells
3. Dermal layer responsible for fingerprints
4. Vascular region
5. Actively mitotic (dividing) epidermal region, deepest epidermal layer
6. Cells are flat, dead “bags” of keratin
7. Site of elastic and collagen fibers
8. General site of melanin formation
9. Major skin area where derivatives (hair, nails) reside
10. Largely adipose tissue, anchors skin to underlying tissues
11. Also known as stratum germinativum
12. Layer where melanocytes are found
13. Cell in this layer contain keratinohyalin and lamellated granules
14. Accounts for the bulk of epidermal thickness
15. Provides mechanical strength to skin
5.
Use these choices
A. Carotene
B. Hemoglobin
C. 1. Responsible for skin color of dark skin
A. 2. Gives an orange cast to skin
C. 3. Protects cells from sun damage
B. 4. Give pink tint to light skinned persons
C 5. Phagocytized by keratinocytes
C 6. Found in stratum corneum
C. Melanin
6. Matching
B
E
D
C
A
1.
2.
3.
4.
5.
Bluish cast of skin; resulting from lack of oxygen
Could be caused by anemia or low blood pressure
May indicate liver disease
Clotted mass of blood under the skin
Result of inflammation, allergy, and fever
A.
B.
C.
D.
E.
Erythema
Cyanosis
Hematoma
Jaundice
Pallor
7. Explain how each of the following helps to protect the body
a. Langerhan’s cells and macrophages-biological; part of immune system
b. Bactericidal secretions kills bacteria
c. Keratin waterproofing
d. Melanin protects skin from UV light
e. Acid mantle decreases bacterial growth
8. Explain the role of sweat glands in maintaining body temperature. How are sweat glands
regulated? as sweat evaporates, body is cooled; regulated by autonomic nervous system
9. What are the two major concerns in burn patients? How can each lead to death?
Major fluid loss leads to dehydration and electrolyte imbalance leads to renal shutdown then
shock then death
Infection where the skin barrier is lost
10. Use the choices
A. First degree burn
C
B
A
B
C
C
1.
2.
3.
4.
5.
6.
B. second degree burn
C. third degree burn
Full thickness of skin is burned; skin can be gray white, cherry red or charred
Blisters
Only epidermal damage; redness and some pain
Epidermal and some dermal damage
Regeneration impossible; requires some type of skin graft procedure
Pain is absent because nerve endings in area are destroyed
11. What is the rule of nines? How is it used when treating burn victims?
Divides body into 11 areas each worth 9%; method of estimating fluid loss
12. Fill in the type of skin cancer matching the description.
Squamous
cells of s.spinosum develop lesions; metastasizes to lymph nodes
Basal
cells of lowest level invade dermis and hypodermis; slow to metastasize
Melanoma
cancer of pigment producing cell; most deadly