Study Questions #2
(BM501 Biology)
Instructor: Cengizhan Ozturk
October 26, 2010
Lecture 6 – Genetics 1
( http://videolectures.net/mit7012f04_lander_lec06/ )
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What used to be the methodological difference between a biochemist and a geneticist in the past? What
changed?
Who is Gregor Mendel? Why does he stand out from his colleagues in terms of his work?
Round and wrinkled peas cross-breed gave all round peas in the first generation, but on the second
generation wrinkled peas come back. What is the ratio of wrinkled to round peas in the second generation?
What is Mendel’s model explaining his findings? How was he able to test his model?
What is a trait? Gene? Allele? Phenotype? Genotype? Homozygote? Heterozygote?
What are dominant or recessive? They refer to the Allele or Genotype?
Why did not Mendel’s work receive any scientific recognition in his time? What first revived interest in
Mendel’s work?
Explain Mendel’s law using knowledge of chromosomes?
Lecture 7 - Genetics 2
( http://videolectures.net/mit7012f04_lander_lec07/ )
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What is the end product of Mitosis and Meiosis, if you start with 8 pairs of chromosomes?
Give an example for Mendel’s second law of inheritance with two traits? (on Independent Assortment of
Traits)
How different could the observations look in the first and second generation if two traits are carried on the
same or on different chromosomes?
Recombination of fruit fly experiments (by Thomas Hunt Morgan) show nonparental genotype even when
two genes are on the same chromosome? How come?
What is recombination rate between two genes? What determines this rate?
What is Alfred Sturtevant’s contribution to Prof. Morgan’s experiments?
When genes are closer to each other what happens to their recombination rate?
Why do we need to normalize when we combine recombination rates?
How could one reach to the conclusion that the chromosomes determine sex, rather the gender determines
the chromosomes?
Lecture 8 - Genetics 3
( http://videolectures.net/mit7012f04_lander_lec08/ )
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What types of advantages have yeasts for genetic studies?
What is a colony? How do you get one technically (as a yeast!)?
What does a diploid yeast give rise after meiosis? What is the difference from your haploids?
Why yeasts are considered a self-reliant organism? What is a prototrophs?
How do we find mutant yeasts that could not synthesize Arginine technically?
What is auxotrophs and prototrophs?
How do we test if a mutant is a recessive or a dominant auxotroph?
How do we make a Complementation Table of auxotroph yeasts?
Lecture 9 – Human Genetics
(http://videolectures.net/mit7012f04_lander_lec09/ )
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How do we determine the exact defect in a biochemical pathway in yeasts?
What does it mean that a phenotype is epistatic to another phenotype?
How do we study genetics in humans even though we can't arrange the matings the way we'd like to?
What is a pedigree chart?
What are the main characteristics of X-linked transmissions in a pedigree chart?
What are the main characteristics of autosomal dominant transmissions in a pedigree chart?
What is incomplete penetrance? Give an example.
Is male pattern baldness sex-linked or sex-limited?
What are the main characteristics of autosomal recessive transmissions in a pedigree chart?
Why is it very difficult to get a real proof on the genetic origin of a certain disease?
Why do people overestimate the prevalence of autosomal recessive diseases?
Why is a bad idea to marry your cousin/relative?