RNR 419/519
Midterm Exam
Name: __________________________
Fall, 2012
1. Answer the following questions (5 points per question):
a. What makes an analysis method or model “spatially”?
b. Differentiate between a Zone and a Region.
c. Differentiate between Euclidean distance and Manhattan distance.
d. Why is the estimate of distance in a GIS usually short?
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e. Why does the concept of NoData allows ESRI Grid format better represent spatial Objects?
f. What are the properties of a raster?
h. If you had a data set that was highly skewed (gamma distribution) with a few outliers how would the Equal Interval
and Equal Area classification methods differ in their representation of the data?
k. Why is the spatial extent of an analysis area important for landscape analysis?
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l. Describe how a network database is used to locate a street address.
m. The table lists some commonly used attributes. For each attribute write down the level of measurement (nominal,
ordinal, interval or ratio) most often used to record it.
Attribute
Building height
Temperature in Celsius
Land use type
Wildlife habitat suitability
Elevation
Level of Measurement
2. Using the grids below compute where the source is cell (row 1, column 1) (10 points).
Cost Surface=
Backlink =
3
4
5
ND
2
2
4
1
1
2
3
4
0
5
5
ND
7
6
6
6
7
7
6
7
a. The cumulative cost distance from Cell (1,1) to Cell (3,1) with a cell size of 3 units.
b. The Least Cost Path from destination Cell(3,4) to the Source Cell(1,1). You can draw on the backlink grid.
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3. Using the following grids answer the following questions. The upper left cell address is Row 1, Column 1 or Cell
(1,1). The cell size = 1 unit for both grids (30 points).
GRID A=
GRID B =
3
4
5
5
3
1
1
ND
2
2
4
ND
2
3
4
1
1
2
3
4
2
2
2
3
ND = NoData
a. What would be the value in cell (2,3) in the output grid using the function: Output = Focalmean(Grid B, rectangle,
2,3)?
Assume the defaults for the function which include ignoring ND.
Cell (2,3) =
b. Fill in the grid below using the function: Output = Focalvariety (Grid A, rectangle, 3,3).
c. Fill in the grid below using the function: Output = Zonalarea (GridB). GridB is the Zone grid.
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d. Fill in the grid below using the function: Output = Con((Grid A – Grid B) > 3,1) .
e. Fill in the grid below using the function: Output = Con(Grid A > 3, 1, 0) + Grid B
f. Fill the grid below using the function: Output = (Grid A + Grid B) * Con((Grid A – Grid B) > 3,1)
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4. Using the grids below answer the following Boolean statements by filling in the cells in the empty grids (10 points).
GRID A=
GRID B =
0
1
1
1
0
1
0
0
1
0
1
0
0
1
0
0
ND
1
ND = NoData
a. A or B
b. A and B
c. A not B
d. A xor B
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