SPS1: Current understanding of the atom (SPS1atom)
Name:_____________________________________________
Date:________________________
1. Different isotopes indicate that an element will have different numbers of
A. atoms.
B. protons.
C. neutrons.
D. electrons.
2.
One property of an electron is
A. a net charge of 0.
B. a charge of +1.
C. a charge of -1.
D. an atomic mass of -1.
3. Water has a natural tendency to dissociate, producing a small number of hydroxide ions (OH-) and
A. positive hydrogen ions.
C. positive oxygen ions.
4.
B. negative hydrogen ions.
D. negative oxygen ions.
Which of the following most accurately defines chemical energy?
A. energy stored as attraction between protons and electrons
C. energy stored as accumulations or deficiencies of electrons
B. energy stored in bonds between atoms
D. energy stored in the nuclei of more than one atom
5. Use the picture below to answer this question.
A candle is placed beneath a small glass dish that holds scented oil. The heat from the
candle warms the oil, and black residue forms above the flame on the underside of the
dish. This residue is the result of a
A. physical change in the state of the wax.
B. chemical change that causes oxygen to change state.
C. physical change that causes the oil to be absorbed by the dish.
D. chemical change that produces carbon from the wax.
6. Which of the following characterizes a radioactive element?
A. an unfilled inner electron shell
B. the ability to gain 4 electrons in the outer shell
C. the loss of alpha or beta particles from the nucleus D. an equal number of neutrons and protons in the nucleus
7. Which of the following provides evidence that an egg white undergoes a chemical change when it is heated?
A. Its mass decreases.
B. It is in a liquid state.
C. Its temperature rises steadily. D. Color permanently changes.
8. Which of the following gives an atom's mass number?
A. number of neutrons
B. number of neutrons + number of protons
C. number of protons + number of electrons D. number of protons + number of neutrons + number of electrons
9. When referring to the element phosphorus on the periodic table, the number 15 is the
A. energy level.
B. atomic weight.
C. atomic number. D. number of atoms.
Mixing an acidic solution with marble chips causes bubbles of carbon dioxide gas to form. Which of the
following accurately describes this change?
A. phase change
B. physical change C. chemical change
D. radioactive change
10.
11. The smallest particle that maintains the chemical properties of a compound is
A. a molecule.
B. an isotope.
C. a proton.
D. an atom.
12.An atom containing only a single proton and no electrons is
A. an anion.
B. a noble gas.
C. a form of hydrogen
D. a radioactive metal.
13. The atomic weight of an element most nearly reflects the atom's total number of
A. protons and neutrons.
B. protons and electrons. C. electrons and neutrons.
D. protons only.
14. The mass of an electron is
A. equal to the proton mass plus the neutron mass.
C. the same as the mass of the proton.
B. the smallest of the three major particles.
D. the same as the mass of the atom.
15. The chemical activity of an atom depends mostly on its
A. protons only.
B. neutrons only.
C. electrons.
D. protons and neutrons.
16. What chemical change takes place when an iron nail rusts?
A. Iron atoms and salt molecules bond.
B. Iron atoms and water molecules bond.
C. Iron atoms and oxygen molecules bond.
D. Water erodes oxide ions from the surface.
17. Which of the following are transferred or shared when two atoms react chemically?
A. protons
B. neutrons
. electrons
D. photons
18. A solid cube was put into a cylinder containing four liquids with different densities as
shown below.
The cube fell quickly through layer A, fell slowly through layer B, and stopped upon
reaching layer C. The density of the cube most likely lies between
A. 1.00 and 1.50 g/cm3.
C. 3.51 and 6.00 g/cm3.
B. 1.51 and 3.50 g/cm3.
D. 6.00 and 9.00 g/cm3.
19. The illustration below shows two atoms of a fictitious element (M) forming a diatomic molecule.
What type of bonding occurs between these two atoms?
A. covalent
B. ionic
C. nuclear
D. polar
20. The atomic mass number of an element equals the
A. number of protons or electrons.
C. number of protons or electrons.
B. sum of the protons plus electrons.
D. sum of the protons plus neutrons.
21. What do we definitely know about an atom of magnesium, the element following sodium in the periodic
table?
A. Magnesium is more reactive than sodium.
B. Magnesium contains more protons than sodium.
C. Sodium has more valence electrons than magnesium.
D. Magnesium contains more protons and neutrons than sodium.
22. An atom of chlorine forms an ionic bond when combined with an atom potassium. However, an atom of
chlorine forms a covalent bond with combined with an atom of carbon. Which statement correctly describes an
electron of chlorine in these two different bonds?
A. Electrons spend more time closer to the chlorine in the ionic bond.
B. Electrons spend more time closer to the carbon in the covalent bond.
C. Electrons spend equal time around the chlorine and potassium in the ionic bond.
D. Electrons spend equal time around the chlorine and carbon in the covalent bond.
23. Isotopes of an element differ in the number of
A. valence electrons.
B. electrons in the nucleus. C. protons in the nucleus.
D. neutrons in the nucleus.
24. The illustration above represents a molecule of methane. Which of the
following statements is true concerning the chemical bonds of methane?
A. Electrons are transferred. B.
Electrons are shared.
C. The bonds occur between a metal and a nonmetal. D. The bonds are ionic.
25. An electrically neutral atom of sodium has 11 protons. Based on this information, what else can we say
about an atom of sodium?
A. Sodium has 11 protons and 11 neutrons. B. Sodium has 11 electrons.
C. Sodium has 11 neutrons.
D. The atomic mass number is 11.
26. What subatomic particle is located in the nucleus of an atom?
A. both electrons and isotopes
C. both neutrons and electrons
B. both neutrons and positrons
D. both protons and neutrons
27. In chemical compounds, covalent bonds form when —
A. the electronegativity difference between two atoms is very large.
B. electrons are completely transferred between two metals.
C. pairs of electrons are shared between two nonmetal atoms.
D. two nonmetal ions are attracted to each other by opposite charges.
28. Atoms of the same element must —
A. contain the same number of neutrons.
C. contain the same number of protons.
B. have the same mass number.
D. have equal numbers of protons and neutrons.
29. Which of these elements has an atomic number of 14?
A. N
B. Al
C. Si
D. P
30. A neutral atom of aluminum-27 contains —
A. 13 protons and 27 electrons.
B. 14 protons and 13 neutrons.
C. 13 electrons, 13 protons, and 14 neutrons.
D. 13 electrons, 14 protons, and 13 neutrons.
31. Which of these belongs in the outermost shell (energy level) of an atom?
A. Electrons
B. Protons
C. Neutrons
D. Photons
32. Which represents an atom of calcium?
A. 1
B. 2
C. 3
D. 4
33. A scientist has found the following isotope of oxygen:
How many neutrons are present in this isotope?
A. 8
B. 11
C. 19
D. 27
Answer Key
1. C) neutrons.
2. C) a charge of -1.
3. A) positive hydrogen ions.
4. B) energy stored in bonds between atoms
5. D) chemical change that produces carbon from the
wax.
6. C) the loss of alpha or beta particles from the nucleus
7. D) Its color permanently changes.
8. B) number of neutrons + number of protons
9. C) atomic number.
10. C) chemical change
11. A) a molecule.
12. C) a form of hydrogen.
13. A) protons and neutrons.
14. B) the smallest of the three major particles.
15. C) electrons.
16. C) Iron atoms and oxygen molecules bond.
17. C) electrons
18. C) 3.51 and 6.00 g/cm3.
19. A) covalent
20. D) sum of the protons plus neutrons.
21. B) Magnesium contains more protons than sodium.
22. A) Electrons spend more time closer to the chlorine
in the ionic bond.
23. D) neutrons in the nucleus.
24. B) Electrons are shared.
25. B) Sodium has 11 electrons.
26. D) both protons and neutrons
27. C) pairs of electrons are shared between two
nonmetal atoms.
28. C) contain the same number of protons.
29. C) Si
30. C) 13 electrons, 13 protons, and 14 neutrons.
31. A) Electrons
32. A) 1
33. B) 11