Name __________________________________________ Period _________ Date ________________
Chapter 7 -- Cellular Respiration
 Cellular Respiration
o Complex process that our cells make ____________ by breaking down
________________________ ________________________
o Organisms that use cellular respiration are known as
________________________
o Cellular Respiration is the process that releases energy by
breaking down ___________________ molecules in the presence of
________________________
o C6H12O6 + 6O2  6CO2 + 6H2O + ATP
 Same equation for photosynthesis JUST BACKWARDS!
 Glycolysis
o Process where one molecule of ________________________ is
broken in half, producing 3-carbon molecules of
________________________ ________________________
o Creates a small amount of ______________ and __________________
o Process is anaerobic
 Does not require oxygen
 Aerobic Respiration
o If ________________________ is present in cell environment
o Pyruvic acid is broken down to make a large amount of ____________
o If no oxygen is available for the pyruvic acid
 ____________________________
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 Fermentation
o Releases ________________________ from pyruvic acid
________________________ oxygen
o Two types
 ________________________ _____________________
 ________________________
 Lactic Acid Fermentation
o Lactic Acid is produced by ________________________ during
________________________ exercise when the body cannot supply
enough ________________________
 Alcoholic Fermentation
o Alcoholic fermentation is done by ________________________ and some
__________________________________
o Produces an ___________________ & ___________________ ___________________
 Glycolysis
o Glucose  2 pyruvic acid molecules
o Step 1:
 Glucose molecule uses _________________ ATP molecule to
make a 6-carbon molecule with two ___________________________
o Step 2:
 Glucose molecule breaks in ______________ to make two _______
molecules
o Step 3:
 Each G3P molecule gets a __________________________ added and
2 NAD+ is reduced and gain an electron to become NADH
o Step 4:
 Each 3-Carbon molecule loses their phosphates to make 4
molecules of ____________, 2 molecules of ______________________,
and 2 molecules of ________________________ ____________________
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 Fermentation
o ________________________ process after glycolysis
o Pyruvic acid is used to become either ________________________
___________________ or ____________________ ________________________
o This process is important because it regenerates ______________
molecules for glycolysis to continue to work
 Lactic Acid Fermentation
o Pyruvic acid  lactic acid
o NADH  NAD+
o Important for making ________________________ products
 Produces certain ____________________ and ______________________
o Occurs naturally in your ______________________ when you work out
 Muscle soreness
o Muscles use up all available ______________________
 Switch to ______________________ respiration
o Increases ________________ levels in muscles causing the fatigue
 Eventually gets processed in liver back to pyruvic acid
 Alcoholic Fermentation
o Pyruvic acid  ethyl alcohol
o NADH  NAD+
o Ethyl alcohol is a ____________________ molecule
 Pyruvic acid loses a carbon by releasing ____________
o Yeast needs to get food to survive such as ____________________ from
fruit
o Yeast breaks down to ____________________ the pyruvic acid into
____________________ ____________________ and ______________
 If CO2 is released, you get ____________________ alcohol
 Ex: wine
 If CO2 is not released, you get ____________________ alcohol
 Ex: Champagne
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 Efficiency of Glycolysis
o Glycolysis uses _______ ATP in order to create G3P molecules
o Makes _______ ATP at the end of the process
o As a process to make energy, the efficiency is about _______
 Very __________ for necessary energy
 This is why we need ____________________ _______________________!!
 The Krebs Cycle
o During the Krebs Cycle, pyruvic acid is broken down into
____________________ ____________________ in a series of energyextracting reactions
o ____________________ ____________________ is created in this cycle thus
giving it the nickname Citric Acid cycle
o Net ATP Production is ________ ATP
 Electron Transport Chain
o The electron transport chain uses the high-energy
____________________ from the Krebs Cycle to convert ADP to ATP
o Total ATP ________
 Aerobic Respiration
o Only occur in the presence of ____________________
o Two stages
 ____________________ ____________________
 ____________________ ____________________ ____________________ with
chemiosmosis
o Prokaryotes
 Occur in ____________________
o Eukaryotes
 Occur in ____________________
o After glycolysis, ____________________ ____________________ are produced
o Pyruvic acid moves inside mitochondria into ________________________
____________________ (space between two membranes)
o Pyruvic acid + CoA  Acetyl CoA + CO2
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 The Krebs Cycle
o Acetyl CoA  CO2 + H + ATP
o The _______ produced reduce NAD+  NADH
o ____________________ steps in the Krebs Cycle
 Occurs in mitochondrial matrix
o Citric Acid is made in Step 1 therefore this is also called the
____________________ ____________________ ____________________
o Net ATP produced is ________ ATP
 Krebs Cycle
o Step 1:
 Acetyl CoA + oxaloacetic acid  Citric Acid
 This step releases ________________ back into the
mitochondrial matrix for pyruvic acid to be fixed again
o Step 2:
 Citric acid releases __________ and _______
 Becomes a ____________________ compound
 The H released, reduces the NAD+ to ____________________
o Step 3:
 Five carbon compound releases another __________ and _______
 Becomes a ____________________ compound
 Another NAD+ is reduced to ____________________
 Produces an ____________________
o Step 4:
 4 carbon compound releases _______ atom
 This time, FAD is reduced to ____________________
 Similar molecule to NAD+
o Step 5:
 4 carbon compound releases _______ atom
 Reduces NAD+ to ____________________
 This reaction regenerates initial ____________________ ___________
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 Electron Transport Chain
o Uses the high-energy ______________________ from the Krebs Cycle to
convert ADP to ____________
o Total net ATP produced is ___________!!
o Prokaryotes
 Occurs on __________________ ______________________ of organism
o Eukaryotes
 Occurs in the ____________________________ membrane called
______________________
 ETC
o Step 1:
 __________________ & __________________ are used to power this
chain of reactions
 NADH & FADH2 are _____________________ (lose e-) to the
electron transport chain
 Also donate H atoms
 NADH  NAD+
 FADH2  FAD+
o Step 2:
 _______________________ from NADH & FADH2 are passed down
chain
 Lose some __________________ each time passed on
o Step 3:
 Lost energy from electrons transferring down the chain
__________________ protons (H+)
 This creates __________________ concentration of H+ between
inner and outer membranes
 Creates a __________________________ __________________ &
___________________ __________________ since H+ are positive
o Step 4:
 Concentration & electrical gradient in membranes produce
_______________ molecules by __________________________
 ATP ______________________ is protein embedded in membrane
that pumps protons out and creates ATP
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o Step 5:
 The electrons move to __________________ __________________
down the chain
 _____________________ is the final acceptor
 Oxygen also accepts _____________________ provided by NADH &
FADH2
 The protons, electrons, and oxygen all combine to produce
__________________
 Importance of Oxygen
o The only way to produce ATP is by the movement of electrons in
the _____________
 _____________________ is the final acceptor
o Without oxygen, the ETC would _____________________
 Efficiency of Aerobic Respiration
o Glycolysis = _________ ATP
o Krebs Cycle = _________ ATP
o ETC = _________ ATP
o Total = _________ ATP!!
Glycolysis
Krebs Cycle
Electron
Transport Chain
 Efficiency of Cellular Respiration
o Depends on _____________________ of the cell
o How _____________________ are transported
o Cellular respiration is _____________________ times more efficient than
_____________________ __________________________
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 Summary
o Cellular respiration
 Glycolysis
 Glucose  _____________________ _______________ +
______________ + ________________
o Aerobic respiration
 Pyruvic acid  ____________ + ______________ + ____________
 Energy & Exercise
 Comparing Photosynthesis & Respiration
Photosynthesis
Cellular Respiration
6CO2 + 6H2O  C6H12O6 + 6O2
C6H12O6 + 6O2 6CO2 + 6H2O
Function
Location
Reactants
Products
Equation
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