Name
Class
Date
Chapter 14 and 15 Review
(pp. 404-406 and pp. 421-427, 430-431)
For Questions 1–6, complete each statement by writing in the correct word or words.
Plasmid
Biotechology
1.
Recombinant DNA
Cloning
Ligase
Restriction Enzymes
is the application of a technological process, invention, or
method to living organisms.
2. The technology that makes copies of DNA is called
.
3. The DNA that results from combining DNA from two different organisms is called
.
4. The small, circular DNA molecule in a bacterial cell is a(n)
.
5. An enzyme that cuts at specific DNA palindromes is a(n) _____________________.
6. The two enzymes necessary for making recombinant DNA are _____________________
and ______________________________.
7. Because of their replication process, plasmids are excellent carriers of
A. genetic markers.
C. clones.
B. recombinant DNA.
D. transgenics.
For Questions 8–13, match the term with its definition.
Definition
Term
8. One of a population of genetically identical
cells produced from a single cell
A. transgenic
9. A technique that allows the identification of
individuals using differences in their DNA
C. transformation
10. Technique that can quickly make a billion
copies of a small section of DNA
11. Containing genes from another species
E. DNA fingerprinting
12. Occurs when a bacterium takes up a
plasmid
13. The enzyme used in PCR
B. clone
D. PCR
F. Taq polymerase
Copying DNA
When Douglas Prasher wanted to find the specific gene that makes the Pacific Ocean jellyfish glow, he used
the Southern blotting method. The flowchart below shows the steps in the Southern blotting method.
1. Use the sentences in the box to complete the flowchart.
DNA on the gel are transferred to filter paper.
DNA fragments are separated by gel electrophoresis.
Radioactive probes bind to DNA fragments with complementary base sequences.
Answer the questions.
2. _______Before the DNA fragments are separated, what happens?
A. Filter paper is used.
B. The DNA is cut using restriction enzymes.
3. _______What type of probes are used to bind DNA fragments with complementary sequences?
gel bands
DNA probes
radioactive probes
4. _______Only those DNA fragments which are bound to ______________________ are seen in the final
fingerprint
A. the radioactive probes
B. the filter paper
C. the gel
Copying DNA
Make a sketch to show the steps in the polymerase chain reaction (PCR) method of copying genes. Label
each part of your sketch.
Changing DNA
For Questions 7–10, write the letter of the correct answer on the line at the left.
7. Why is DNA ligase so important in recombinant DNA technology?
A. It causes DNA to make multiple copies of itself.
B. It joins two DNA fragments together.
C. It shapes bacterial DNA into a circular plasmid.
D. It cuts DNA into restriction fragments.
8. A recombinant plasmid can be used to
A. prevent nondisjunction at meiosis.
B. double the number of chromosomes in a plant cell.
C. cut DNA into restriction fragments.
D. transform a bacterium.
9. What do genetic engineers use to create the “sticky ends” needed to splice two fragments of
DNA together?
A. an amino acid sequence
B. DNA ligase
C. restriction enzymes
D. mRNA
10. Why must a genetically engineered plasmid contain an antibiotic resistance gene?
A. to prevent the construction of an artificial chromosome
B. to separate cells that contain recombinant DNA from those that do not
C. to produce multiple copies of the recombined plasmid after heat treatment
D. to break apart the circular plasmid and introduce another DNA fragment
Combining DNA Fragments The diagram below shows how recombinant DNA is formed by
combining DNA from two different sources.
Follow the directions.
1. Use the phrases in the box to label the diagram. Some phrases will be used more than once.
cut by restriction enzyme
DNA fragments join
recombinant DNA
sticky end
DNA ligase
Answer the questions.
2. Circle the correct answer. DNA fragments are joined at
sticky ends.
A ends.
restricted ends.
3. Circle the correct answer. The restriction enzyme cut each DNA sequence at
the same
sequences.
different
4. What enzyme is used to connect the two sequences of DNA?
5. Is the following statement true or false? Recombinant DNA technology makes it possible to change the
genetic composition of living organisms.
Plasmids and Genetic Markers Plasmids are small circular pieces of bacterial DNA. Plasmids are
cut using restriction enzymes. A foreign gene is inserted into the plasmids. The plasmids, which now include
recombinant DNA, are then placed into other bacteria cells. This process is shown in the diagram below.
Follow the directions.
1. Use the terms in the box to label the diagram.
Plasmid
recombinant DNA
transformed bacterium
Bacterial
Chromosome
Bacterial
Cell
DNA cut with
restriction
enzyme
human gene
untransformed bacterium
Answer the questions.
2. What type of gene is inserted into the plasmid? Circle the correct answer.
human gene
bacterial cell
3. What kinds of ends do the restriction enzymes create? ______________________________
4. The recombinant DNA is added to a(n)
bacterium. Circle the correct answer.
untransformed
transformed
4. Why might a scientist insert a gene that codes for a human growth hormone into bacteria cells?
_______________________________________________________________________________
Personal Identification
No two people are genetically exactly like one another, except for identical twins. DNA fingerprinting is a
method used to identify people based on their DNA. DNA fingerprinting has helped solve crimes and convict
criminals. It has also helped prove that people are innocent of a crime.
Look at the DNA fingerprints below. Then answer the following questions.
1. The DNA fingerprint labeled “Evidence” was left by a criminal at a crime scene. Police have four
different suspects. They took samples of the DNA of each of the four suspects. Which sample matches
the evidence? _______________________________________________________________________
2. Assuming that the wells were at the top of the diagram, label the (+) and the (-) charges.
3. Which size fragments are at the bottom of the gel, large or small? ____________________________
3. Explain why a Southern Blot is necessary when doing an RFLP DNA fingerprint __________________
___________________________________________________________________________________
___________________________________________________________________________________
___________________________________________________________________________________