5
(4–6)
Internal layer
with
longitudinal
lineations
Spine shape
Basal region
Cone-in-cone
construction
Affinity
Burgess Shale,
southwest Canada
Triangular
Diagonal
Diminishing,
Present more closely
spaced
Absent
Present
Gently
curving
Not
flaring
Present
Hallucigenia
sparsa
Series 2, upper
Mount Cap Fm.,
Stage 4, and Series
northwest Canada
3, Stage 5.
Triangular
Diagonal
Diminishing,
Present more closely
spaced
Absent
Present
Gently
curving
Not
flaring
Present
Hallucigenia
sparsa
Absent
Absent?
Gently
curving
Not
flaring
Absent
Absent?
Carbon
—
Series 2, Stage 4
Forteau Fm.,
northwest Canada
Carbon
cf.Rushtonites /
Mongolitubulus
Series 3, early
Stage 5
Kaili
Phosphate
Rhombocorniculum
cancellatum
Series 2, Stage 3
Dokidocyathus
tenaicus zone,
Rhombocorniculum
Latest Tommotian
insolutum
(Terreneuvian,
Stage 2)
Diagonal
Present
Unknown
Absent
Present
Curving
Suggested
No
by external
evidence
Hallucigeniid
constriction
of flaring
s
Unclear
Absent
Unknown
Gently
curving
Narrowin
Hallucigenia
g – not Unknown
sp.
flaring
Lower Comley
Limestones,
England
Triangles,
rounded tips
Diagonal
Present
Unknown
Unknown
Unknown;
spine wall
comprises
two layers
Gently
curving
Unknown
M. squamifer
Dyeran = BonniaHenson Gletscher
Olenellus Zone
Fm., central North
(Series 2, late Stage
Greenland
3- ?early Stage 4)
Rounded
triangles
Diagonal
Present
Unknown
Diminishing
or absent
Present
M. squamifer
Botomian: Series 2, Glacial erratics,
late Stage 3 / early West Antarctica;
Stage 4
Kazakhstan
Rounded
triangles or
rhombi
Diagonal
Present
Unknown
Diminishing
or absent
Present
Diagonal
Diminishing,
Present more closely
spaced
(4)
Phosphate Rushtonites spinosus Series 2, Stage 4
10 (14), figs. 2-3 Phosphate
Hallucigenia
sp.
Present
7
Phosphate
Present
Diagonal
Phosphate
9
England, North
America, China,
Triangular
Mongolia, Siberia,
Kazhakhstan…
Curving or
Gently
Unknown
curving
Suggested
Hallucigenia
by apical
sp.
thickening
Elongate
triangles
(7)
(10), fig, 13
(11), fig. 23,
A, B, D–H
(12), Pl. 8.5
(13)
Diagonal,
Diminishing,
some subSubstantial more closely
transverse
spaced
rows
Diagonal or
Triangular sub-transverse Present
Unknown
rows
Triangular –
tip
trifurcated
Kazakhstan
6
(8), fig. 2A–D
8
Phosphate
(9), fig. 2
Ornament
near base
Series 3, Stage 5
Local
perturbations
in ornament
Ornament in
apical region
4 (3), fig. 7A–E
Ornament
arrangement
This paper
cf. Rushtonites
Scale shape
3
Carbon
Location
(2), figs. 3.5–
3.7
This paper
Carbon +
Hallucigenia sparsa
phosphate
Age
2
Described as
Reference
(1), fig. 5
This paper
Preservation
Supp. Fig. 1:
1
Latest Atdabanian
Mongolitubulus /
Shabakhty Fm.,
(Series 2, mid Stage
Xenusion
Kazakhstan
3)
Rounded
triangles
Absent
Present
Represented
by organic Hallucigenia
internal
sp.
layer?
Straight or
Hallucigenia
gently
Unknown Unknown
sp.
curving
Gently
curving
Unknown
Absent?
Hallucigenia
sp.
Not
Straight or flaring–
Hallucigenia
Unknown
curving narrowing
sp.
slightly?
(15), fig. 5 A–
11
Phosphate
H
M. squamifer
Pararaia biozone
(Series 2, mid to
late Stage 3)
Mernmerna
Formation, Ajax
limestone,
Australia
Rounded
triangles
Diagonal
Present
Unknown
Absent
Internal layer
apparent in
Fig. 5H
Gently
curving
Unknown Unknown
Hallucigenia
sp.
Unknown
Gently
curving?
Unknown Unknown
?
(16),
plate I:1–2
Phosphate
M. squamifer
“Lower Cambrian”:
Mongolia / Siberia
Series 2?
Rhombi
Two
intersecting
diagonal series
Absent
Unknown
(9), fig 3
Phosphate
M. henrikseni
Early to mid
Bastion Fm, NorthDyeran (Series 2,
east Greenland
Stage 3)
Pustules
Irregular or in
loose rings
n/a
Diminishing
As shaft
Absent?
Gently
curving
Strongly
flaring
Absent
Bradoriid
No change,
until base
begins to
flare
As shaft
Absent?
Gently
curving with
distal hook
Flaring
Unknown
Bradoriid
Flaring,
attached
Unknown
to
carapace
Bradoriid
Flaring
Bradoriid
(15), fig. 5 I-N Phosphate
(15), fig. 6
Phosphate
(17)
Phosphate
(18), fig. 4.19 Phosphate
(20), figs. 33–
Phosphate
35
(21), fig. 5 E–J Phosphate
(22), fig. 1
Phosphate
(22), fig. 2
Phosphate
(23), fig. 6.1–2 Phosphatic
Mernmerna
Approximately
Formation, Ajax Oblongs and diagonal;
M. sp.
Absent
limestone,
pustules linear rows of
Australia
pustules
Mernmerna
Pustules or Irregular or
Pararaia biozone Formation, Ajax
M. unispinosa
spinose single diagonal
n/a
(Series 2, Stage 3)
limestone,
projection
series
Australia
Irregular or
Alum Shale
Furongian:
Pustular
forming
M. aspermachaera
Formation,
n/a
Jiangshanian
‘pads’
transverse
Sweden
rings
Ville Guay Fm.,
M. squamifer?
Series 2, Stage 4
Pustules
Irregular
n/a
Quebec
Series 3: Stage 5 to Kuonamka Fm., Reticulate
M. reticulatus
n/a
n/a
early Drumian
Northern Siberia
network
Ordian: Series 2,
late Stage 4 to
Pincally Fm.,
Blunt
Sub-linear
M. squamifer
n/a
Series 3, early
NSW, Australia
tubercles
columns
Stage 5
Ornamented Tube Series 3, Drumian– Huaqiao Fm., west
Linear
Oblongs
n/a
Form I
Guzhangian
Hunan, China
columns
Irregular;
Tiny spines
Ornamented Tube Series 3, Drumian– Huaqiao Fm., west
separate motif
or ovoid
n/a
Form II
Guzhangian
Hunan, China
on convex side
sculptures
of spines
“Rushtonites”
Branchian: Series
Brigus Fm.,
Conical
Irregular
n/a
asiatica
2, Stage 3
Newfoundland
‘lumps’
Pararaia biozone
(Series 2, mid to
late Stage 3)
No change
As shaft
Absent
Bent rod
No change
As shaft
Absent?
Bent, with
hooked apex
Unknown
As shaft, per
Unknown
(19) fig. 4.12
Unknown
Absent?
Unknown Unknown
No change
As shaft
Absent?
Straight with
apical hook
Unknown
Unknown
Unknown
Gently
curving
Unknown
Unknown
Unknown
Two or three
layers
Gently
curving
Unknown Unknown
Unknown
Unknown
Unknown
Unknown
As shaft
No
Flaring
Unknown
Bradoriid
Absent?
Bradoriid
Gently
curving,
Flaring
hooked apex?
Gently
curving
Bradoriid?
Unknown
Bradoriid?
Unknown
Bradoriid
Absent
Bradoriid?
ESM-Table 1. Evaluation of material ascribed to the hallucigeniids, Mongolitubulus or Rhombocorniculum. Cells are shaded where they match the
state in Hallucigenia, and hatched where their value is uncertain.
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