Famous Supreme Court Cases Case name / Citation Summary Beginning of active duty of Chief Justice John Jay, October 19, 1789 Van Staphorst v Maryland (1791) 1st docketed case of the Supreme Court, settled before arguments st West v Barnes US 401 (1791) 1 decision of the Supreme Court, strictly interpreting procedural filing requirements mandated by statute Hayburn's Case US 409 (1792) justiciability and separation of powers Chisholm v Georgia US 419 1st “major” case; federal jurisdiction over suits vs. states; state sovereign immunity (1793) Georgia v Brailsford US 1 (1794) Jury nullification Beginning of active duty of Chief Justice John Rutledge, August 12, 1795 Federal district court has no authority over a foreign privateer when the captured ship was not U S v Peters US 121 (1795) within its jurisdiction. Talbot v Janson US 133 (1795) admiralty and citizenship Beginning of active duty of Chief Justice Oliver Ellsworth, March 8, 1796 Hylton v US US 171 (1796) tax on carriages th Hollingsworth v Virginia ratification of 11 Amendment, presidential approval is unnecessary for Constitutional US 378 (1798) amendment Calder v Bull US 386 ex post facto clause applies to criminal, not civil cases NY v Connecticut US 1 (1799) 1st original jurisdiction suit between two States Marshall Court (February 4, 1801 – July 6, 1835) Talbot v Seeman US 1 (1801) Marine salvage rights in time of war Marbury v Madison judicial review of laws enacted by the United States Congress US 137 (1803) Stuart v Laird US 299 enforceability of rulings issued by judges who have since been removed from office Little v Barreme US 170 (1804) presidential and congressional power a citation (a court order for a person to appear) must accompany a writ of error in order for the Bailiff v Tipping US 406 (1805) Supreme Court to hear the case Strawbridge v Curtiss US 267 federal diversity jurisdiction (1806) Ex parte Bollman US 75 (1807) habeas corpus, definition of treason, Supreme Court's power to issue writs to circuit courts Fletcher v Peck US 87 (1810) property rights US v Hudson and Goodwin Federal court jurisdiction over common law crimes US 32 (1812) The Schooner Exchange v capture and possession of foreign ships M'Faddon US 116 Fairfax's Devisee v Hunter's Loyalist property forfeiture Lessee US 603 (1813) Martin v Hunter's Lessee US 304 Loyalist property forfeiture, Supreme Court review of state court judgments (1816) Laidlaw v Organ US 178 (1817) the rule of caveat emptor in a commodity delivery contract McCulloch v Maryland US 316 doctrine of implied powers (1819) Sturges v Crowninshield US 122 constitutionality of state bankruptcy laws Trustees of Dartmouth College v impairment of contracts Woodward US 518 Cohens v Virginia US 264 (1821) judicial review of state supreme court decisions Johnson v M'Intosh US 8 (1823) inability of Native Americans to own land Gibbons v Ogden US 1 (1824) Congressional power to regulate interstate commerce Osborn v Bank of the US US 738 scope of Article III jurisdiction; interpretation of the 11th Amendment Ogden v Saunders US 213 (1827) state bankruptcy law American Ins. Co. v 356 Bales of The Territorial Clause and the ability of Congress to set up Article I tribunals Cotton US 511 (1828) Willson v Black-Bird Creek Marsh Dormant Commerce Clause Co. US 245 (1829) Cherokee Nation v Georgia Indian nations as foreign states US 1 (1831) Worcester v Georgia US 515 (1832) Barron v Baltimore US 243 (1833) Ex Parte Madrazzo US 627 Wheaton v Peters US 591 (1834) US v Segui US 306 (1836) Charles River Bridge v Warren Bridge US 420 (1837) The Amistad US 518 (1841) Swift v Tyson US 1 (1842) Prigg v Pennsylvania US 539 Luther v Borden US 1 (1849) Passenger Cases US 283 Sheldon v Sill US 441 (1850) Hotchkiss v Greenwood US 248 Strader v Graham US 82 (1851) Cooley v Bd of Wardens US 299 (1852) Dred Scott v Sandford US 393 (1857) Ableman v Booth US 506 (1859) Prize Cases US 635 (1863) Pervear v Massachusetts US 475 (1866) Ex parte Milligan US 2 (1866) Ex parte Garland US 333 Mississippi v Johnson US 475 (1867) Georgia v Stanton US 50 Crandall v Nevada US 35 (1868) US v Kirby US 482 Ex parte McCardle US 506 Texas v White US 700 (1869) Ex parte Yerger US 85 Paul v Virginia US 168 Hepburn v Griswold US 603 (1870) Baker v Morton US 150 US v Klein US 128 (1871) Taylor v Taintor US 366 (1872) Slaughterhouse Cases US 36 (1873) Bradwell v State of Illinois US 130 Minor v Happersett US 162 (1874) Totten v US US 105 (1875) US v Cruikshank US 542 Munn v Illinois US 113 (1876) Pennoyer v Neff US 714 (1877) City of Elizabeth v American Indian removal reach of the Bill of Rights standing in an admiralty case copyright perpetuity; common law copyright Taney Court (March 28, 1836 – October 12, 1864) upholding the validity of a Spanish land grant in Florida Contract Clause of the Constitution slave trade and slave ownership Federal common law in diversity jurisdiction cases, later overturned runaway slaves guarantee clause of Article Four of the United States Constitution taxation of immigrants, constitutionality of state laws regarding foreign commerce Congressional control of the jurisdiction of the lower federal courts Early standard for non-obviousness in US patent law slavery and the application of state laws thereof. pilotage laws under the Commerce Clause slavery, the definition of citizenship The contradiction of Federal law by States presidential powers in wartime Chase Court (December 15, 1864 – May 7, 1873) upholding harsh penalty for violation of state liquor laws, and declining to apply 8th Amendment to the states habeas corpus, military tribunals retroactive civil disability for former Confederate officers power of the Supreme Court to constitutionally issue an injunction directed at the President power of the Court to rule on constitutionality of Reconstruction Acts; parameters of the Court's jurisdiction Right to travel bars taxation of parties leaving a state construction of criminal statutes congressional power to limit Supreme Court’s appellate jurisdiction constitutionality of state secession habeas corpus case that became moot when Yerger was released before the court ruling; therefore not actually heard by the Supreme Court Privileges & Immunities Clause does not apply to corporations, Commerce Clause does not apply to insurance policies constitutionality of legal tender laws land claims in the Nebraska Territory separation of powers rights and responsibilities of bail bondsmen freedom of employment equal protection, exclusion of women from employment 14th Amendment and the right to vote Waite Court (March 4, 1874 – March 23, 1888) jurisdiction over espionage agreements application of the 1st and 2nd Amendments to the states corporations and agricultural regulation bases of personal jurisdiction over defendants experimental use exception to the on-sale bar in United States patent law Nicholson Pavement Co. US 126 (1878) Reynolds v US US 145 Wilkerson v Utah US 130 Trade-Mark Cases US 82 (1879) Baker v Selden US 99 Strauder v WV US 303 (1880) Kilbourn v Thompson US 168 Springer v US US 586 (1881) Egbert v Lippmann US 333 Pace v Alabama US 583 (1883) US v Harris (the Ku Klux Case) US 629 Civil Rights Cases US 3 Ex parte Crow Dog US 556 Hurtado v California US 516 (1884) Burrow-Giles Lithographic Co. v Sarony US 53 New England Mutual Life Insurance Co. v Woodworth US 138 Elk v Wilkins US 94 Head Money Cases US 580 Cole v La Grange US 1 (1885) Central Railroad & Banking Co. of Ga. v Pettus US 116 Avegno v Schmidt US 293 Baylis v Travellers' Ins. Co. US 316 California Artificial Stone Paving Co. v Molitor US 609 Winona & St. Peter R. Co. v Barney US 618 Kansas Pacific R. Co. v Dunmeyer US 629 Schmieder v Barney US 645 Camp v US US 648 Maxwell's Executors v Wilkinson US 656 Flagg v Walker US 659 Railroad Commission Cases US 307 (1886) Yick Wo v Hopkins US 356 US v Kagama US 375 Santa Clara County v Southern Pacific Railroad US 394 Wabash, St. Louis & Pacific Railway Company v Illinois US 557 Ker v Illinois US 436 polygamy and freedom of religion capital punishment Copyright Clause does not give Congress the power to regulate trademarks differences between copyright & patent law exclusion of blacks from juries limitations on Congressional investigations constitutionality of income tax set up by the Revenue Act of 1864 early case concerning the on-sale bar in patent law affirmed that Alabama's anti-miscegenation statute banning interracial marriage and interracial sex was not a violation of the 14th Amendment. No Congressional power to pass ordinary criminal statutes power of federal government to prohibit racial discrimination by private parties repeal of law dealing with Native American Indians requires express language by Congress no requirement that states use a grand jury to indict a defendant in a murder prosecution copyrightability of photographs insurance law citizenship of native Americans treaties the court held that the Missouri legislature could not authorize a city to issue bonds to assist corporations in their private business. An appeal regarding monies owed and a lien upon the roadbed, depots, side tracks, turnouts, trestles, and bridges owned and used by the appellants. title to mortgaged property confiscated by the U.S. government during the Civil War right to trial by jury in a civil case Patent infringement case on an improvement in concrete paving Public land grant for Railroad construction Land ownership dispute case regarding description of articles subject to duty case to recover an alleged balance due as compensation for collecting and delivering to the US a large amount of cotton in bales which was captured and abandoned property writ of error brought by the executors of a former collector of the port of NY to reverse a judgment in an action brought against him by the defendant in error to recover duties paid by them on imported iron deeds for several parcels of land were transferred from Flagg, who was in financial difficulty, to Walker in return for paying off Flagg's debts and profits from the sale against a mortgage for other property owned by Flagg. contracts, police power, regulation of transport equal protection, facially-neutral laws administered in a discriminatory manner federal court jurisdiction over crimes committed on Indian reservations corporate personhood regulation of interstate commerce by individual states, creation of ICC legality of abduction of criminal suspect abroad Fuller Court (October 8, 1888 – July 4, 1910) Kidd v Pearson US 1 (1888) Dent v WV US 114 (1889) Botiller v Dominguez US 238 Davis v Beason US 333 (1890) Hans v Louisiana US 1 Chicago, Milwaukee & St. Paul Railroad v Minnesota US 418 In re Neagle US 1 Mormon Church v US US 1 In re Ross US 453 (1891) Holy Trinity Church v US US 457 (1892) Illinois Central Railroad v Illinois US 387 Nix v Hedden US 304 (1893) Schillinger v US US 163 (1894) US v E. C. Knight Co. US 1 (1895) Sparf v US US 51 Coffin v US US 432 In re Debs US 564 Pollock v Farmers' Loan & Trust Co. US 601 Hilton v Guyot US 113 Geer v Connecticut US 519 (1896) Talton v Mayes US 376 Plessy v Ferguson US 537 US v Ball US 662 US v Trans-Missouri Freight Association US 290 (1897) ICC v Cincinnati, New Orleans and Texas Pacific Railway Co. US 479 Barrett v US US 218 (1898) Holden v Hardy US 366 US v Wong Kim Ark US 649 Hawker v NY US 189 Williams v Mississippi US 213 Brown v NJ US 172 (1899) Malony v Adsit US 281 Cumming v Richmond Co Bd of Ed US 528 The Paquete Habana US 677 (1900) Marks v Shoup US 562 (1901) Scope of the Commerce Clause state licensing of doctors validity of Spanish and Mexican land grants within the Mexican Cession US federal courts have jurisdiction to hear charges related to polygamy even though it be part of a religious belief sovereign immunity of states, interpreting the 11th Amendment states and railway fees authority of the U.S. Attorney General to appoint U.S. Marshals as bodyguards to Supreme Court Justices upheld revocation of Mormon Church charter and confiscation of church property application of U.S. law to foreign sailors on U.S. flagged ships while in another country contracts with foreign citizens, religion railroad land dispute, public trust doctrine status of the tomato as fruit or vegetable under Tariff Act of 1883 sovereign immunity forbids suit against the Federal government for patent infringement antitrust action; “Sugar Trust Case” jury instructions the presumption of innocence strikes and interstate commerce income tax and tariffs doctrine of comity states owned the wild animals within their borders and can strictly regulate their management and harvest individual rights in U.S. Constitution not applicable to tribal governments segregation; "separate but equal" double jeopardy railroads and rate fixing powers of an administrative agency SC had not been subdivided into separate federal judicial districts working hours of miners citizenship and race character and doctor’s licenses literacy tests use of a struck jury trial judge must authenticate bill of exceptions segregation in public schools prize in admiralty law and customary international law Property issues Insular Cases DeLima v Bidwell US 1 Goetze v US US 221 Armstrong v US US 243 Downes v Bidwell US 244 Huus v NY & Porto Rico S.S. Co. US 392 Dooley v US US 151 14 Diamond Rings v US US 176 Lone Wolf v Hitchcock US 553 (1903) constitutional status of Puerto Rico and the Philippines power of Congress to abrogate treaties with Native American tribes Bleistein v Donaldson Lithographing Company US 239 Champion v Ames US 321 Giles v Harris US 475 Hawaii v Manikichi US 197 Missouri, Kansas, & Texas Railway Company of Texas v Clay May US 267 (1904) Kepner v US US 100 Dorr v US US 138 Gonzales v Williams US 1 Northern Securities Co. v US US 197 Rasmussen v US US 516 (1905) Lochner v NY US 45 Harris v Balk US 215 Chicago Bd of Trade v Christie Grain US 236 Hale v Henkel US 43 (1906) Northwestern National Life Insurance Co. v Riggs US 243 US v Shipp US 563 Adair v US US 161 (1908) Loewe v Lawlor US 274 Muller v Oregon US 412 White-Smith Music Publishing Co v Apollo Co US 1 Ex parte Young US 123 Ware & Leland v Mobile County US 405 Bobbs-Merrill Co. v Straus US 339 Londoner v City and County of Denver US 373 Continental Paper Bag Co. v Eastern Paper Bag Co. US 405 Berea College v Kentucky US 45 Twining v NJ US 78 Louisville & Nashville Railroad Co. v Mottley US 149 Bailey v Alabama US 452 Moyer v Peabody US 78 (1909) Welch v Swasey US 91 Weems v US US 349 (1910) Muskrat v US US 346 (1911) Flint v Stone Tracy Co. US 107 US v Grimaud US 506 Standard Oil Co. of NJ v US US 1 (1910) Dowdell v US US 325 (1911) Gompers v Buck's Stove and Range Co. US 418 Hoke v US US 308 (1913) Bauer & Cie. v O'Donnell US 1 Stratton's Independence, Ltd. v Howbert US 399 copyright protection of illustrations made for advertisements Congressional Commerce Clause regulation of lottery tickets voting rights, 11th Amendment sometimes considered one of the Insular Cases 14th Amendment permits law which penalizes railroads for allowing weeds to grow sometimes considered one of the Insular Cases sometimes considered one of the Insular Cases Puerto Ricans and illegal aliens Antitrust, application of the Sherman Antitrust Act sometimes considered one of the Insular Cases freedom of contract, substantive due process quasi in rem jurisdiction upholding power of Chicago Board of Trade to regulate futures contracts witness testimony in antitrust cases upheld power of states to regulate insurance contracts against 14th Amendment challenge Only criminal trial in the court's history. Lynching. "Yellow Dog contract" Sherman Antitrust Act applied against labor union boycott protective labor laws, protection of women manufacturers of player pianos need not pay royalties to copyright holders of music exception to sovereign immunity under the 11th Amendment contracts for the sales of cotton for future delivery that do not oblige interstate shipments are not subjects of interstate commerce, and are taxable by states First-sale doctrine, copyright holder cannot control resale prices by use of licenses role of due process in administrative rulemaking patent and antitrust state laws and segregation of educational facilities 5th Amendment does not apply to state trials federal question jurisdiction, the "well-pleaded complaint rule" peonage laws and the 13th Amendment citizens' rights during insurrection Massachusetts' statute restricting building heights is constitutional White Court (December 19, 1910 – May 19, 1921) cruel and unusual punishment Advisory opinion doctrine constitutionality of corporate income tax control of forest reserves dissolving interstate monopolies sometimes considered one of the Insular Cases contempt for violating an injunction against a worker's boycott upheld the Mann Act, but held that Congress could not regulate prostitution extensions of patents by use of licenses, rights of copyright holder regarding “use” of copyrighted works Charlton v Kelly US 447 Ocampo v US US 91 (1914) Shreveport Rate Case US 342 Weeks v US US 383 Coppage v Kansas US 1 (1915) Burdick v US US 79 Mutual Film Corp v Industrial Commission of Ohio US 230 Guinn v US US 347 Hadacheck v Sebastian US 394 Bi-Metallic Investment Co. v State Brd of Equalization US 441 Brushaber v Union Pacific Railroad US 1 (1916) Stanton v Baltic Mining Co. US 103 Georgia, Florida, & Alabama Railway Co. v Blish Milling Co. US 190 US v 40 Barrels and 20 Kegs of Coca-Cola US 265 US v Oppenheimer US 85 American Well Works Co. v Layne & Bowler Co. US 257 Caminetti v US US 470 (1917) Bunting v Oregon US 426 Adams v Tanner US 590 Buchanan v Warley US 60 Chicago Bd of Trade v US US 231 (1918) Hammer v Dagenhart US 251 International News Service v Associated Press US 215 Schenck v US US 47 (1919) Debs v US US 211 Abrams v US US 616 Silverthorne Lumber Co. v US US 385 (1920) Eisner v Macomber US 189 Missouri v Holland US 416 US v Wheeler US 281 Smith v Kansas City Title & Trust Co. US 180 (1921) Newberry v US US 232 Dillon v Gloss US 368 US v Phellis US 156 Leser v Garnett US 130 (1922) Balzac v Porto Rico US 298 US v Moreland US 433 Child Labor Tax Case US 20 Hill v Wallace US 44 procedures to approve extradition of criminal suspect to another country sometimes considered one of the Insular Cases Commerce clause, regulation of intrastate railroad rates establishment of the exclusionary rule for illegally obtained evidence Economic due process and yellow-dog contracts Legal effect of a pardon free speech and the censorship of motion pictures constitutionality of Oklahoma's "grandfather law" used to disenfranchise African-American voters municipal regulation of land use denial of due process procedural protections for legislative and rulemaking acts, as opposed to adjudicatory proceedings power to tax income under the 16th Amendment power to tax income under the 16th Amendment responsibilities of parties under a bill of lading case brought against Coca-Cola under the Pure Food and Drug Act doctrine of res judicata applies to criminal cases scope of federal question jurisdiction in patent law case Mann Act applies to consensual extramarital sex Labor law, ten-hour workday Substantive due process, state's prohibition of employment agencies was unconstitutional under the 14th Amendment constitutionality of local ordinance compelling racial segregation of residential housing Rules of a commodities exchange examined under rule of reason Congressional power to regulate child labor under the Commerce Clause property rights in news freedom of speech, “clear and present danger”, “shouting fire in a crowded theater” sedition validity of criminalizing criticism of the government Fruit of the poisonous tree doctrine in a tax evasion case pro rata stock dividend not taxable income states’ rights Privileges and Immunities Clause and kidnapping federal question jurisdiction in state corporate law matter Congress lacks the power to regulate primary elections Constitutional amendment process Taft Court (July 11, 1921 – February 3, 1930) shares in a subsidiary corporation issued to stockholders in the parent corporation considered taxable income constitutionality of 19th Amendment sometimes considered one of the Insular Cases 5th Amendment, hard labor in prison docket title Bailey v. Drexel Furniture Co., found the Child Labor Tax Law of 1919 was not a valid use of Congress' power under the Taxing and Spending Clause use of congressional taxing power under the Taxing and Spending Clause; relationship to Commerce Federal Baseball Club v National League US 200 Wyoming v Colorado US 419 Takao Ozawa v US US 178 Pennsylvania Coal Co. v Mahon US 393 Moore v Dempsey US 86 (1923) US v Bhagat Singh Thind US 204 Adkins v Children's Hospital US 525 Baltimore & Ohio Railroad Co. v US US 592 Bd of Trade of City of Chicago v Olsen US 1 Meyer v Nebraska US 390 Frothingham v Mellon US 447 Rindge Co. v County of Los Angeles US 700 Rooker v Fidelity Trust Co. US 413 Chung Fook v White US 443 (1924) US v 95 Barrels (More or Less) Alleged Apple Cider Vinegar US 438 Carroll v US US 132 (1925) George W. Bush & Sons Co. v Maloy US 317 Linder v US US 5 Irwin v Gavit US 161 Pierce v Society of Sisters US 510 Gitlow v NY US 652 Bowers v Kerbaugh-Empire Co. US 170 (1926) Myers v US US 52 Village of Euclid, Ohio v Ambler Realty Co. US 365 US v GE Co. US 476 Farrington v Tokushige US 284 (1927) Nixon v Herndon US 536 Buck v Bell US 200 Hess v Pawloski US 352 Whitney v California US 357 Gong Lum v Rice US 78 NM v Texas US 279 Miller v Schoene US 272 (1928) Black and White Taxicab Co. v Brown and Yellow Taxicab Co. US 518 Olmstead v US US 438 Wisconsin v Illinois US 367 (1930) Taft v Bowers US 470 (1929) US v Schwimmer US 644 Pocket Veto Case US 655 Old Colony Trust Co. v baseball and antitrust regulation whether Colorado could divert water from the Laramie River, an interstate stream system naturalization and race (Japanese-American) Substantive Due Process, Takings clause of the 5th Amendment mob-dominated trials, federal writ of habeas corpus, due process naturalization and race (Indian-American) freedom of contract, minimum wage laws creation of implied-in-fact contracts constitutionality of the Grain Futures Act under the Commerce Clause constitutionality of law prohibiting teaching of foreign languages; substantive due process rejection of taxpayer standing eminent domain and the building of a scenic road review of state court decisions by U.S. District Courts Interpretation of Immigration Act of 1917; marked end of era of strict plain meaning interpretation of statutes legality of misleading but factually accurate packaging statements under the Pure Food and Drug Act whether police searches of automobiles without a warrant violate the 4th Amendment Dormant Commerce Clause; states are not permitted to regulate common carriers engaged in interstate commerce on state highways prosecution of physicians under the Harrison Narcotics Tax Act taxation of income from a trust Privacy prosecution of seditious speech taxation of reduced loss on exchanged currency Presidential authority to remove executive branch officials zoning, due process patentee who grants a single license to a competitor to manufacture the patented product may lawfully fix the price at which the licensee may sell the product constitutionality of anti-foreign language statute in the Territory of Hawaii under the due process clause of the 5th Amendment challenging the white primaries in Texas compulsory sterilization, eugenics consent to in personam jurisdiction prosecution of criminal syndicalism admission of Chinese girl to school for White children in Mississippi determination of the border between New Mexico and Texas Substantive due process, takings clause what law is to be applied when courts sit in diversity jurisdiction admissibility of illegally-obtained phone wiretaps as evidence federal power over state interests, Chicago Sanitary Canal taxation of a gift of shares of stock under the 16th Amendment (Chief Justice Taft did not participate) denial of naturalization to a pacifist, overruled by Girouard v. US (1946) constitutionality of the pocket veto third-party payment of income tax, effect of Revenue Act of 1926 Commissioner US 716 Lucas v Earl US 111 (1930) US v Sprague US 716 (1931) McBoyle v US US 25 Stromberg v California US 359 Burnet v Logan US 404 Near v Minnesota US 697 US v Kirby Lumber Co. US 1 Blackmer v US US 421 (1932) Blockburger v US US 299 Crowell v Benson US 22 New State Ice Co. v Liebmann US 262 Nixon v Condon US 73 North American Oil Consolidated v Burnet US 417 Powell v Alabama US 45 Sorrells v US US 435 Home Building & Loan Association v Blaisdell US 398 (1934) Burroughs v US US 534 Nebbia v NY US 502 Panama Refining Co. v Ryan US 388 (1935) Gregory v Helvering US 465 Schechter Poultry Corp. v. US US 495 Humphrey's Executor v. US US 602 Pacific States Box & Basket Co. v White US 176 Fox Film Corp. v Muller US 207 US v. Constantine US 287 US v Butler US 1 (1936) Grosjean v American Press Co. US 233 Brown v Mississippi US 278 Wallace v Cutten US 229 Valentine v US US 5 Bourdieu v Pacific Western Oil Co. US 65 US v Curtiss-Wright Export Corp. US 304 DeJonge v Oregon US 353 (1937) West Coast Hotel Co. v Parrish US 379 National Labor Relations Bd v Jones & Laughlin Steel Corp U.S. 1 Steward Machine Company v Davis US 548 Bogardus v Commissioner US 34 Palko v Connecticut US 319 Connecticut General Life Hughes Court (February 24, 1930 – June 30, 1941) origin of Assignment of income doctrine, contract to divide income between husband and wife 10th Amendment National Motor Vehicle Theft Act held not to apply to aircraft constitutionality of California red flag-banning statute, freedom of symbolic speech Cost basis must be recovered before taxpayer realizes any taxable income freedom of speech, prior restraints taxation of gain on reduction of debt International law and 5th Amendment allowed U.S. government to retain jurisdiction over its citizens abroad standard for double jeopardy upholding adjudication of private rights by an administrative agency, not an Article III court substantive due process White primaries in Texas violated Equal Protection Clause claim of right doctrine in U.S. tax law access to counsel Entrapment recognized as a valid defense Minnesota's suspension of creditor's remedies did not violate the Contract Clause upholding the constitutionality of the Federal Corrupt Practices Act Substantive Due Process, economic regulation delegation of authority, New Deal tax law, business purpose doctrine interstate commerce, New Deal administrative action, separation of powers early case on standard of review for regulations contract dispute, "adequate and independent state ground" taxation of liquor Taxation power, 10th Amendment Freedom of the press, taxation of newspapers coerced confessions by means of violence application of the Grain Futures Act extradition powers of the executive branch U.S. government as an indispensable party export restrictions, Presidential power over international commerce 14th Amendment applied to freedom of assembly freedom of contract, minimum wage laws; “the switch in time that saved nine” interstate commerce; another consequence of “the switch in time that saved nine” Court upholds the unemployment insurance provisions of the Social Security Act distinction between taxable compensation and tax-exempt gifts under the Internal Revenue Code selective incorporation, double jeopardy Insurance Company v Johnson US 77 (1938) Lovell v City of Griffin US 444 New Negro Alliance v Sanitary Grocery Co. US 552 Hale v Kentucky US 613 Erie Railroad Co. v Tompkins US 64 Hinderlider v La Plata River & Cherry Creek Ditch US 92 US v Carolene Products Co. US 144 NLRB v Mackay Radio & Telegraph Co. US 333 Johnson v Zerbst US 458 Collins v Yosemite Park & Curry Co. US 518 Kellogg Co. v NaBisCo US 111 Missouri ex rel. Gaines v Canada US 337 US v Miller US 174 (1939) Coleman v Miller US 433 Hague v CIO US 496 Schneider v NJ US 147 Chambers v Florida US 227 (1940) Helvering v Bruun US 461 Thornhill v Alabama US 88 Cantwell v Connecticut US 296 US v American Trucking Associations US 534 Minersville School Dist v Gobitis US 586 Hansberry v Lee US 32 Helvering v Horst US 112 Sibbach v Wilson US 1 (1941) Railroad Commission v Pullman Co. US 496 Cox v NH US 569 US v Darby Lumber Co. US 100 US v Classic US 299 Edwards v California US 160 Lisenba v People of State of California US 219 Chaplinsky v NH US 568 (1942) Valentine v Chrestensen US 52 US v Univis Lens Co. US 241 Betts v Brady US 455 Skinner v Oklahoma US 535 Jones v City of Opelika I U.S. 584 Ex parte Quirin US 1 Wickard v Filburn US 111 Williams et al. v State of NC US. 287 City ordinance requiring official permission to distribute literature held unconstitutionally broad safeguard right to boycott and chips away at discriminatory hiring practices against African Americans exclusion of African Americans from juries limiting general federal common law by requiring that state law apply except where federal law exists reaffirming existence of federal common law in other cases interstate commerce, substantive due process, and (in footnote four) equal protection Striking workers continue to be employees within the meaning of the National Labor Relations Act, but use of strikebreakers is permissible 6th Amendment right to counsel in federal criminal cases 21st Amendment and the enforcement of state liquor laws in U.S. national parks patent holder has no remedy in unfair competition law against competitor selling similar goods under a non-trademarked name after patent expires—prelude to functionality doctrine chipping away at separate but equal education 2nd Amendment, right to bear arms length of time proposed Constitutional amendments remain pending labor unions and freedom of assembly enforcement of littering ordinances and free speech coerced confessions in a murder case A landlord realizes a taxable gain when he repossesses property improved by a tenant free speech clause of 1st Amendment includes peaceful labor picketing incorporated Free Exercise Clause Motor Carrier Act of 1935 did not empower the Interstate Commerce Commission to regulate all employees of common and contract motor carriers, but rather only those whose duties affect safety of operation saluting the flag res judicata may not bind a subsequent plaintiff who had no opportunity to be represented in the earlier civil action refinement of assignment of income doctrine Erie doctrine, applicability of Federal Rules of Civil Procedure Abstention doctrine petitions on public property power of the US Congress to regulate employment conditions; Commerce Clause power of the federal government to regulate primary elections Stone Court (July 3, 1941 – April 22, 1946) Commerce Clause, privileges and immunities clause of the 14th Amendment death penalty fighting words holding that commercial speech is unprotected by the 1st Amendment exhaustion doctrine under U.S. patent law and its relation to price fixing due process, incorporation compulsory sterilization, eugenics holding a statute prohibiting the sale of books without a license was constitutional military tribunals for enemy spies Commerce Clause Divorce and marriage recognition between states Parker v Brown US 341 (1943) Clearfield Trust Co. v US US 363 Largent v State of Texas US 418 Jones v City of Opelika II US 103 Murdock v Commonwealth of Pennsylvania US 105 Martin v Struthers US 141 Douglas v City of Jeannette US 157 NBC, Inc. v US US 190 Burford v Sun Oil Co. US 315 Altvater v Freeman US 359 Galloway v US US 372 Oklahoma Tax Commission v US US 598 WV State Bd of Ed v Barnette US 624 Hirabayashi v US US 81 Yasui v US US 115 Prince v Massachusetts US 158 (1944) Follett v Town of McCormick US 573 Tennessee Coal, Iron & Railroad Co. v Muscoda Local No. 123 US 590 Smith v Allwright US 649 US v Ballard US 78 NLRB v Hearst Publications US 111 US v South-Eastern Underwriters Association US 533 Skidmore v Swift & Co. US 134 Korematsu v US US 214 Ex parte Endo US 283 US v Willow River Power Co. US 499 (1945) Cramer v US US 1 Jewell Ridge Coal Corp. v United Mine Workers of America US 161 Southern Pacific Co. v Arizona US 761 Guaranty Trust Co. v York US 99 International Shoe Co. v Washington US 310 Commissioner v Flowers US 465 (1946) Marsh v Alabama US 501 Tucker v Texas US 517 Estep v US US 114 Duncan v Kahanamoku US 304 Commissioner v Wilcox US 404 Lavender v Kurn US 645 Girouard v US US 61 Parker immunity doctrine in United States antitrust law Negotiable instruments, Federal common law city ordinance requiring permits in order to solicit orders for books is unconstitutional as applied to the distribution of religious publications Overruling Jones v. City of Opelika I on rehearing licensing fee for door-to-door solicitors was an unconstitutional tax on the Jehovah's Witnesses' right to freely exercise their religion—decided same day as Jones v. City of Opelika II law prohibiting the distribution of handbills door-to-door violated the 1st Amendment rights of a Jehovah's Witness--decided same day as Jones v. City of Opelika II restraint of criminal prosecution for violation of ordinance disputed in Murdock v. Commonwealth of Pennsylvania--decided same day as Jones v. City of Opelika II regulation of broadcasting networks Abstention doctrine justiciability and declaratory judgments directed verdict, 7th Amendment restricted Indian land is exempt from state estate taxes 1st Amendment, establishment of religion (Pledge of Allegiance) curfews against members of a minority group during a war with their country of origin validity of curfews against U.S. citizens of a minority group during war religious liberty and child labor licensing fees for distribution of religious materials violates freedom of religion miners' travel time was "work" under the Fair Labor Standards Act voting rights, segregation religious fraud determining whether newsboys are employees or independent contractors for the purposes of the National Labor Relations Act applying Sherman Antitrust Act to insurance contracts early standard for judicial review of interpretive rules made by government agencies Japanese Internment camps Japanese-American internment and loyalty, decided same day as Korematsu nature of property rights which constitute a compensable taking conviction for treason underground travel time of coal miners was considered compensable work time under the Fair Labor Standards Act Dormant Commerce Clause Interpretation of the Erie Doctrine personal jurisdiction of states over corporations in other states tax deduction for travel expenses under the Internal Revenue Code 1st and 14th Amendments still applicable against a company town Local ordinance prohibiting distribution of religious literature violated Clause of the 1st Amendment judicial review of draft board determinations constitutionality of military tribunals under the Hawaiian Organic Act embezzled funds not considered taxable income, later overruled by James v. US sufficiency of evidence to send a case to a jury pacifism is not a reason to deny an immigrant citizenship. Overturned US v. Schwimmer (1929). US v Causby US 256 Securities and Exchange Commission v W. J. Howey Co. US 293 Colegrove v Green US 549 Pinkerton v US US 640 Anderson v Mt. Clemens Pottery Co. (Girouard v US), US 61 US 680 US v Carmack US 230 Hickman v Taylor US 495 (1947) Everson v Bd of Ed US 1 U.S. Public Workers v Mitchell US 75 US v United Mine Workers US 258 Crane v Commissioner US 1 Adamson v California US 46 International Salt Co. v US US 392 Cox v US US 442 Sipuel v Bd of Regents of Univ. of Okla. US 631 (1948) Oyama v California US 633 Woods v Cloyd W. Miller Co. US 138 McCollum v Bd of Ed US 203 Shelley v Kraemer US 1 US v Paramount Pictures, Inc. US 131 Saia v People of the State of NY US 558 US v National City Lines Inc. US 573 US v Congress of Industrial Organizations US 106 Goesaert v Cleary US 464 H.P. Hood & Sons v Du Mond US 525 (1949) Terminiello v Chicago US 1 US v Interstate Commerce Commission US 426 Wheeling Steel Corp. v Glander US 562 Wolf v Colorado US 25 Hirota v MacArthur US 197 (1948) Mullane v Central Hanover Bank & Trust Co. US 306 (1950) Graver Tank & Manufacturing Co. v Linde Air Products Co. US 605 Sweatt v Painter US 629 McLaurin v Oklahoma State Regents US 637 Johnson v Eisenträger US 763 Henderson v US US 816 Feres v US US 135 the ancient common law doctrine of ad coelum has no legal effect "in the modern world." definition of "investment contract" under the Securities Act of 1933 federal courts had no power to become involved in state legislative apportionment—later overruled by Baker v. Carr the doctrine of conspiracy, Pinkerton Liability Preliminary work activities are covered by the Fair Labor Standards Act Vinson Court (June 24, 1946 – September 8, 1953) land held by a local government is still subject to eminent domain by the federal government work-product doctrine st 1 Amendment, establishment of religion Hatch Act of 1940 injunction against a strike action determination of basis of property secured by a nonrecourse mortgage 5th Amendment, incorporation tying arrangements under the Sherman Act scope of review for Jehovah's Witness classified as conscientious objector 14th Amendment, segregation California Alien Land Laws, equal protection under the 14th Amendment War Powers Clause Separation of church and state, constitutionality of released time in public schools equal protection, racial covenants Hollywood studios monopoly ordinance which prohibited the use of sound amplification devices except with permission of the Chief of Police violates 1st Amendment GM streetcar conspiracy Labor union's publication of statement urging members to vote for a certain candidate for Congress did not violate Taft-Hartley Act Upholding employment restrictions against female bartenders Dormant Commerce Clause free speech and public order justiciability 14th Amendment due process, Commerce Clause 14th Amendment, state court, evidence from unreasonable search and seizure the US federal courts lacked the authority to review judgments of the International Military Tribunal for the Far East proper legal notice in the settlement of a trust patent law, doctrine of equivalents segregation, separate but equal 14th Amendment, segregation jurisdiction of U.S. civilian courts over nonresident enemy aliens; habeas corpus ending segregation in railroad dining cars Military exception to government liability under the Federal Tort Claims Act Kiefer-Stewart Co. v Seagram & Sons, Inc. US 211 (1951) Kunz v NY US 290 Feiner v NY US 315 Dean Milk Co. v City of Madison, Wisconsin US 349 Universal Camera Corp. v NLRB US 474 Canton Railroad Company v Rogan US 511 Joint Anti-Fascist Refugee Committee v McGrath US 123 Dennis v US US 494 Stack v Boyle US 1 Rochin v California US 165 (1952) Morissette v US US 246 Dice v Akron, Canton & Youngstown R. Co. US 359 Perkins v Benguet Mining Co. US 437 Frisbie v Collins US 519 Ray v Blair US 214 Beauharnais v Illinois US 250 Zorach v Clauson US 306 Joseph Burstyn, Inc. v Wilson US 495 Youngstown Sheet & Tube Co. v Sawyer US 579 Kawakita v US US 717 Arrowsmith v Commissioner US 6 US v Reynolds US 1 (1953) Fowler v RI US 67 Poulos v NH US 395 Securities and Exchange Commission v Ralston Purina Co. US 119 Toolson v NY Yankees US 356 Brown v Bd of Ed of Topeka US 483 (1954) Hernandez v Texas US 475 Bolling v Sharpe US 497 US v Harriss US 612 Berman v Parker US 26 US v International Boxing Club of NY US 236 (1955) Tee-Hit-Ton Indians v US U.S. 272 Commissioner v Glenshaw Glass Co. US 426 Williamson v Lee Optical Co. US 483 Griffin v Illinois US 12 (1956) Radovich v NFL US 445 (1957) Reid v Covert US 1 agreement among competitors in interstate commerce to fix maximum resale prices of their products violates the Sherman Act free speech restrictions must be "narrowly tailored" Free speech v. public safety--decided same day as Kunz v. NY Dormant Commerce Clause judicial review of agency decisions Maryland's franchise tax on imported and exported goods held not to violate the Import-Export Clause of the US Constitution freedom of association 1st Amendment and the Smith Act defines excessive bail restriction of police power strict liability offenses reverse Erie doctrine, federal standard binding on state court general personal jurisdiction over a business that was temporarily based in the court's jurisdiction kidnapping of fugitives by state officials is constitutional state rights in the electoral college 1st Amendment and "group libel" release time programs 1st Amendment and the censorship of films presidential power to seize steel mills during strike to ensure wartime production treason accusation against a person with dual citizenship. Taxpayers classified a payment as an ordinary business loss, which would allow them to take a greater deduction for the loss than would be permitted for a capital loss State secrets privilege ordinance construed to penalize a minister of Jehovah's Witnesses for preaching at a peaceful religious meeting in a public park unconstitutional religious meetings and the Free Exercise Clause a corporation offering "key employees" stock shares is still subject to Section 4(1) of the Securities Warren Court (October 5, 1953 – June 23, 1969) baseball antitrust exemption upheld segregation, “separate inherently unequal” application of the 14th Amendment to Mexican Americans segregation in the District of Columbia constitutionality of the Federal Regulation of Lobbying Act eminent domain, takings boxing not exempt from antitrust regulation Federal government did not owe Indian tribe compensation for timber taken from tribaloccupied lands in Alaska under the 5th Amendment definition of taxable income Due Process Clause, economic liberties access to court transcript for indigent appeals professional football covered by antitrust laws treaty power, right to jury trial Watkins v US US 178 Yates v US US 298 Roth v US US 476 Conley v Gibson US 41 McGee v International Life Insurance Co. US 220 Lambert v California US 225 One, Inc. v Olesen US 371 (1958) Perez v Brownell US 44 Trop v Dulles US 86 Sherman v US US 369 Byrd v Blue Ridge Rural Electric Cooperative, Inc. US 525 Kent v Dulles US 116 Societe Internationale v Rogers US 197 NAACP v Alabama US 449 Speiser v Randall US 513 Cooper v Aaron US 1 Cammarano v US US 498 (1959) Bartkus v Illinois US 121 Frank v Maryland US 360 Beacon Theatres v Westover US 500 Louisiana Power & Light Co. v City of Thibodaux US 25 Barenblatt v US US 109 Smith v California US 147 Bates v City of Little Rock U.S. 516 (1960) US v Raines US 17 Federal Power Commission v Tuscarora Indian Nation US 99 Flora v US US 145 Dusky v US US 402 Commissioner v Duberstein US 278 Flemming v Nestor US 603 Boynton v Virginia US 454 Monroe v Pape US 167 (1961) Aro Mfg. Co. v Convertible Top Replacement Co. US 336 Burton v Wilmington Parking Authority US 715 Gomillion v Lightfoot US 339 (1960) James v US US 213 (1961) McGowan v Maryland US 420 Braunfeld v Brown US 599 Gallagher v Crown Kosher Super Market of Massachusetts, Inc. US 617 Jarecki v GD Searle & Co. US 303 Torcaso v Watkins US 488 rights of a witness in refusing to answer questions before the House Un-American Activities Committee free speech, distinction between expression of opinion and advocacy of action obscenity liberal pleading standards under Rule 8 of the Federal Rules of Civil Procedure California did not violate the Due Process Clause when entering a binding judgment on a Texas corporation with "substantial connection[s]" to California mens rea and ignorance of the law pro-homosexual writings and the Comstock laws revocation of citizenship for voting in a foreign election 8th Amendment, loss of citizenship Entrapment provisions apply to actions of government informers as well as agents application of the Erie doctrine right to travel, power of Secretary of State appropriateness of involuntary dismissal of a case in which petitioner failed to produce records of a Swiss bank account freedom of association, privacy of membership lists loyalty oaths enforcement of desegregation, "massive resistance" business expenses incurred for the "promotion or defeat of legislation" are not tax deductible "separate sovereigns" exception to double jeopardy; federal and state officials may cooperate in criminal investigations warrantless administrative searches are permissible under the 4th Amendment right to civil jury trial under the 7th Amendment, determination of legal & equitable issues Abstention doctrine upholding conviction for refusing to answer questions before the House Un-American Activities Committee against 1st Amendment challenge sale of obscene books 1st Amendment, compelled disclosure of membership lists 15th Amendment, Civil Rights Act eminent domain over Indian lands Pay Income Tax Then Litigate, Internal Revenue Act standard for adjudicative competence definition of a 'gift' for taxation purposes no property right in Social Security benefits racial segregation municipalities cannot be held liable under the Civil Rights Act of 1871 doctrine of repair and reconstruction in US patent law state action race-based electoral districting assessment of income tax on embezzled funds constitutionality of laws with religious origins but secular purposes constitutionality of Sabbath laws requiring Sunday closure of stores Massachusetts blue laws upheld against challenge by Kosher grocery store using noscitur a sociis to interpret the Excess Profits Tax Act of 1950 oaths, religious test, 1st Amendment Poe v Ullman US 497 Mapp v Ohio US 643 Hamilton v Alabama US 52 Hoyt v Florida US 57 Oyler v Boles US 448 (1962) Fong Foo v US US 141 Baker v Carr US 186 Goldblatt v Hempstead US 590 Engel v Vitale US 421 Manual Enterprises v Day US 478 Jones v Cunningham US 236 (1963) Wong Sun v US US 471 Schlude v Commissioner US 128 Edwards v SC US 229 Gideon v Wainwright US 335 Douglas v California US 353 Gray v Sanders US 368 Gibson v Florida Legislative Investigation Committee US 539 Ferguson v Skrupa US 726 Brady v Maryland US 83 Florida Lime & Avocado Growers, Inc v Paul US 132 Silver v NY Stock Exchange US 341 Ker v California US 23 Abington School Dist v Schempp US 203 Sherbert v Verner US 398 England v Louisiana State Bd of Medical Examiners US 411 (1964) Wesberry v Sanders US 1 Compco Corp. v Day-Brite Lighting, Inc U.S. 234 Sears, Roebuck & Co v Stiffel Co US 225 NY Times Co v Sullivan US 254 Banco Nacional de Cuba v Sabbatino US 398 Schneider v Rusk US 163 Massiah v US US 201 Griffin v County School Bd of Prince Edward County US 218 Wilbur-Ellis Co v Kuther US 422 Reynolds v Sims US 533 Malloy v Hogan US 1 Griffin v Maryland US 130 Barr v City of Columbia US 146 Robinson v Florida US 153 Jacobellis v Ohio US 184 Bell v Maryland US 226 Bouie v City of Columbia US 347 ripeness to challenge statute banning contraceptives search and seizure, exclusionary rule Absence of defendant's counsel at the time of his arraignment violated his rights under the Due Process Clause of the 14th Amendment all-male jury in a woman's murder trial did not violate 14th Amendment habitual criminal sentencing and due process double jeopardy against federal courts reapportionment issues due process, takings clause, safety regulations school prayer magazine containing nude photographs of men not considered obscene state prison inmates have the right to petition for habeas corpus fruit of the poisonous tree doctrine in a narcotics case what income must be included for income tax purposes when accounting is used 1st Amendment, protest marches at state capital right to counsel 14th Amendment; right of poor defendants to criminal court appeals “one man, one vote” requiring person divulge information contained in an organization's membership lists violates freedom under 1st Amendment substantive due process, economic liberties exculpatory evidence and due process Preemption, Dormant Commerce Clause duty of self-regulation imposed upon the NY Stock Exchange by the Securities Exchange Act of 1934 did not exempt it from the antitrust laws incorporation of the 4th Amendment protections against unreasonable search & seizure against the states constitutionality of mandatory bible reading in public schools strict scrutiny for religiously-based discrimination in unemployment compensation refining procedures for Pullman abstention from deciding issues of state law “one man, one vote” preemption of state unfair competition laws which restrict sale of unpatented items preemption of state unfair competition laws which restrict sale of unpatented items, decided same day as Compco Corp. v. Day-Brite Lighting, Inc. freedom of speech, libel jurisdiction of federal courts over acts of foreign countries; act of state doctrine Naturalized U.S. citizens have the right to return to and reside in their native countries, and retain their US citizenship, even if they never return to the US 6th Amendment prohibition on police speaking to suspect represented by counsel closing the local school and giving white students vouchers to attend schools outside of the county was unconstitutional under the equal protection clause extension of doctrine of repair and reconstruction to enhancement of device's function “one man, one vote” (state senates) 5th Amendment right against self-incrimination was applicable within state courts as well as federal courts segregation protests due process and ex post facto law segregation protests “I know [obscenity] when I see it[.]” – Justice Potter Stewart segregation protests due process and ex post facto law US v Continental Can Co US 441 Escobedo v Illinois US 478 Cooper v Pate US 546 Beck v Ohio US 89 McLaughlin v Florida US 184 Heart of Atlanta Motel v US US 241 Katzenbach v McClung US 294 Stanford v Texas US 476 (1965) Cox v Louisiana US 536 Freedman v Maryland US 51 US v Seeger US 163 Swain v Alabama US 202 Hanna v Plumer US 460 Dombrowski v Pfister US 479 Harman v Forssenius US 528 Griffin v California US 609 One 1958 Plymouth Sedan v Pennsylvania US 693 Griswold v Connecticut US 479 Estes v Texas US 532 Lamont v Postmaster General US 301 Albertson v Subversive Activities Control Bd US 70 Graham v John Deere Co US 1 (1966) Baxstrom v Herold US 107 Brown v Louisiana US 131 SC v Katzenbach US 301 Memoirs v Massachusetts US 413 Harper v Virginia Bd of Elections US 663 United Mine Workers of America v Gibbs US 715 US v Price US 787 Sheppard v Maxwell US 333 Miranda v Arizona US 436 Federal Trade Commission v Dean Foods Co US 597 Katzenbach v Morgan US 641 Schmerber v California US 757 Garrity v NJ US 493 (1967) Whitus v Georgia US 545 Redrup v NY US 767 In Re Gault US 1 Abbott Laboratories v Gardner US 136 Toilet Goods Assn, Inc v Gardner US 158 Afroyim v Rusk US 253 Reitman v Mulkey US 369 antitrust right to remain silent The court ruled for the 1st time that state prison inmates have the standing to sue in federal court to address their grievances under the Civil Rights Act of 1871. probable cause and searches incident to a lawful arrest striking down an anti-miscegenation law aimed at prevent cohabitation of interracial couples interstate commerce, civil rights, public accommodations civil rights and interstate commerce, decided same day as Heart of Atlanta Motel v US 4th Amendment, 14th Amendment, Unconstitutionality of State issued general warrants 1st Amendment, "breach of the peace" statutes 1st Amendment, motion picture censorship definition of religion for a military draft exemption use of struck jury interpretation of the Erie Doctrine, Civil Procedure federal injunction against state criminal trial for subversion Virginia's partial repeal of the poll tax violated 24th Amendment prosecutor commenting on a defendant's refusal to testify violates the defendant's 5th Amendment rights evidence which is obtained in violation of the 4th Amendment may not be relied on to sustain a civil forfeiture privacy, birth control overturning Billy Sol Estes conviction on 14th Amendment due process grounds due to pretrial publicity Declared unconstitutional a Federal statute requiring that addressees of "Communist political propaganda" affirmatively indicate their request to receive such mailings Communist Party of the USA members could not be required to register with the government under the 5th Amendment nonobviousness as a condition of patentability Prisoners committed to civil mental institutions have a right to a hearing to determine whether or not they are in fact mentally disordered. 1st amendment, right to protest Voting Rights Act, 15th Amendment obscenity poll taxes are unconstitutional under the Equal Protection Clause federal court jurisdiction over pendent claims the Mississippi civil rights workers murders the Sam Sheppard case, defendant's right to fair trial vs. freedom of the press self-incrimination (“right to remain silent”) federal agencies can use the All Writs Act to seek an injunction against a threatened action that will substantially interfere with the agency’s performance of its statutory duty voting rights, Section 5 power state can take blood sample from a suspect without his consent, without violating his 4th rights rights of police officers against self-incrimination racial discrimination in jury selection striking down state power to censor written works of fiction due process, juveniles reviewability of administrative decisions ripeness in the context of judicial review of administrative decisions federal government cannot strip a person of his citizenship states may repeal laws providing protection against racial discrimination by Amending their state Constitution of referendum if their immediate objective is neutral and not to facilitate Loving v Virginia US 1 Berger v NY US 41 Curtis Publishing Co. v Butts US 130 US v Wade US 218 Gilbert v California US 263 US v Robel US 258 Prima Paint Corp. v Flood & Conklin Mfg Co US 395 Katz v US US 347 Zschernig v Miller US 429 (1968) Mora v McNamara US 934 (1967) Haynes v US US 85 (1968) Provident Tradesmens Bank & Trust Co v Patterson US 102 Albrecht v Herald Co US 145 Avery v Midland County US 474 Levy v Louisiana US 68 Duncan v Louisiana US 145 US v O'Brien US 367 Menominee Tribe v US US 404 Green v County School Bd of New Kent County US 430 Witherspoon v Illinois US 510 Pickering v Bd of Ed US 563 Terry v Ohio US 1 Flast v Cohen US 83 US v Southwestern Cable Co US 157 King v Smith US 309 Jones v Mayer US 409 Epperson v Arkansas US 97 Tinker v Des Moines Independent Community School Dist US 503 (1969) Shuttlesworth v Birmingham US 147 Stanley v Georgia US 557 Street v NY US 576 Shapiro v Thompson US 618 Leary v US US 6 Red Lion Broadcasting Co v FCC US 367 Brandenburg v Ohio US 444 Powell v McCormack US 486 Kramer v Union School Dist US 621 Lear, Inc. v Adkins US 653 Chimel v California US 752 Benton v Maryland US 784 Anderson's-Black Rock, Inc. v Pavement Salvage Co US 57 Alexander v Holmes County Bd of private racism state laws banning interracial marriage (anti-miscegenation laws) Telephone tapping in a bribery case, 4th Amendment libel; effect of Sullivan on private figures no police lineup without counsel handwriting 1st Amendment, right of association Separability principle: challenges to enforceability of contracts with arbitration clauses must be decided by arbitrator unless clause itself is challenged wiretapping as search and seizure foreign relations and state property law preventing inheritance by nonresident aliens denial of certiorari in a case questioning the legality of the Vietnam War Compulsory firearm registration as self-incrimination indispensable parties under the Federal Rules of Civil Procedure minimum price agreements between wholesalers and franchisees unlawful under the Sherman local government districts must conform to "one man, one vote" An illegitimate child may still sue on behalf of a deceased parent; to deny them this right violates the 14th Amendment selective incorporation, trial by jury free speech, burning draft cards Tribal hunting and fishing rights, treaty interpretation "freedom-of-choice" desegregation plan held unconstitutional constitutional status of a death-qualified jury public employees' free speech rights search and seizure, power of police to stop and frisk suspicious persons taxpayer standing Administrative law Aid to Families with Dependent Children cannot be denied to families of qualifying children based on a substitute father housing discrimination religiously motivated state law prohibiting the teaching of evolution in publicly funded schools freedom of speech in public schools over breadth of local ordinance used by city officials to ban civil rights march private possession of obscene material protected under 1st Amendment free speech and flag burning Right to travel Marihuana Tax Act ruled unconstitutional under the 5th Amendment Fairness Doctrine, broadcaster responsibilities, freedom of speech freedom of speech, incitement to riot political question doctrine, justiciability right to vote in a special election district overturning the doctrine of licensee estoppel in U.S. patent law search and seizure incident to arrest double jeopardy Burger Court (June 23, 1969 – September 26, 1986) standard of nonobviousness in US patent law delays in school desegregation Ed US 1218 Goldberg v Kelly US 254 (1970) In re Winship US 358 Waller v Florida US 387 Ashe v Swenson US 436 Walz v Tax Commission of the City of NY US 664 Rowan v US Post Office Dept US 728 Williams v Florida US 78 NC v Alford US 25 Oregon v Mitchell US 112 Massachusetts v Laird US 886 Baird v State Bar of Arizona US 1 (1971) In re Stolar US 23 Younger v Harris US 37 Citizens to Preserve Overton Park v Volpe US 402 Griggs v Duke Power Co US 424 Haywood v NBA US 1204 Swann v Charlotte-Mecklenburg Bd of Ed US 1 Richardson v Perales US 389 California v Byers US 424 Coates v Cincinnati US 611 Cohen v California US 15 Bivens v 6 Unknown Named Agents US 388 Lemon v Kurtzman US 602 Clay v US US 698 NY Times Co v US US 713 Reed v Reed US 71 Parisi v Davidson US 34 (1972) Papachristou v Jacksonville US 156 Federal Trade Commission v Sperry & Hutchinson Trading Stamp Co US 233 Hawaii v Standard Oil Co. of California US 251 Cruz v Beto US 319 Commissioner v First Security Bank of Utah, NA US 394 Eisenstadt v Baird US 438 Sierra Club v Morton US 727 Wisconsin v Yoder US 205 Apodaca v Oregon US 404 Jackson v Indiana US 715 Aikens v California US 813 procedural due process, hearing requirement when a juvenile is charged with an act which would be a crime if committed by an adult, every element of the offense must be proved beyond a reasonable doubt collateral estoppel as applied to the same factual situation in criminal trials, double jeopardy same as in Waller v. Florida, above tax exemption for churches addressees have unreviewable discretion to refuse further mail from a given sender; senders don't have a Constitutional right to send keep someone on a mailing list for unwanted mail twelve-man jury guilty plea in criminal case age and voting rights in state elections Court declined to hear a case related to the Constitutionality of the Vietnam War states cannot ban people from legal practice due to Communist party membership a state cannot require bar applicants to list every organization he or she belonged to since starting law school--decided same day as Baird v State Bar of Arizona abstention doctrine judicial review of administrative agency actions employment discrimination; disparate effect of employer practices Sherman Antitrust Act applied to the NBA use of busing for school desegregation physicians' written reports of medical examinations of a disability claimant could constitute "substantial evidence" supportive of finding nondisability under the Social Security Act. Statute requiring drivers to provide personal information at the scene of an accident does not infringe on one's 5th Amendment privilege against self-incrimination criminal offenses on sidewalk freedom of speech, fighting words/obscenity, “fuck the draft” implied right of action in the 4th Amendment laws without a secular purpose violate the Establishment Clause Since the Appeal Board gave no reason for the denial of a conscientious objector exemption, petitioner's conviction must be reversed freedom of the press, national security, Pentagon Papers gender discrimination in estate settlement conscientious objector status vagrancy ordinance held void for vagueness FTC may act against a company’s “unfair” business practices even though the practice is not an antitrust violation states cannot sue for general economic damage due to violation of antitrust laws free exercise of religion while in prison custody tax reporting for banks prohibited from doing insurance business privacy, birth control standing in cases in which plaintiffs assert interest in aesthetic or recreational interest in property (in this case, Mineral King area) freedom of religion, high school education state juries may convict a defendant by less than unanimity indefinite detention of a defendant incompetent to stand trial violates due process and equal protection mootness in a death penalty case The Bremen v Zapata Off-Shore Company US 1 Fuentes v Shevin US 67 Pennsylvania v NY US 223 Flood v Kuhn US 258 US v U.S. District Court US 297 Barker v Wingo US 514 Lloyd Corp. v Tanner US 551 Laird v Tatum US 1 Kois v Wisconsin US 229 Furman v Georgia US 238 Bd of Regents v Roth US 564 Perry v Sindermann US 593 Gravel v US US 606 Branzburg v Hayes US 665 Kleindienst v Mandel US 753 Gottschalk v Benson US 63 Bronston v US US 352 (1973) US v Dionisio US 1 US v Mara aka Marasovich US 19 US v Glaxo Group Ltd US 52 Roe v Wade US 113 Doe v Bolton US 179 US v Florida East Coast Railway Co US 224 San Antonio Independent School Dist. v Rodriguez US 1 Mescalero Apache Tribe v Jones US 145 McClanahan v Arizona State Tax Comm'n US 164 US v Russell US 423 Frontiero v Richardson US 677 Gagnon v Scarpelli US 778 McDonnell Douglas Corp. v Green US 793 Schneckloth v Bustamonte US 218 US v Students Challenging Regulatory Agency Procedures (SCRAP) US 669 Miller v California US 15 Pittsburgh Press Co. v Pittsburgh Commission on Human Relations US 376 Norwood v. Harrison US 455 Broadrick v Oklahoma US 601 Espinoza v Farah Mfg Co US 86 ND State Bd of Pharmacy v Snyder's Drug Stores, Inc US 156 Lau v Nichols US 563 (1974) Cleveland Bd of Ed v LaFleur enforceability of a forum selection clause Opportunity to be heard state of escheat for unclaimed money orders baseball and antitrust regulation 4th Amendment, Search and seizure, Search warrant, Wiretapping 6th Amendment and speedy trial st 1 Amendment; private property; rights freedom of speech rights cannot be chilled by the mere existence of government surveillance and data gathering nude photographs accompanying and rationally related to a newspaper story are entitled to Constitutional free press protection death penalty is cruel and unusual punishment under the 8th Amendment; overruled by Gregg procedural due process in firing non-tenured professor 1st Amendment; de facto professor tenure protection offered by the Speech or Debate Clause to non-legislative activity 1st Amendment; grand jury, journalists’ rights U.S. Attorney General's power to deny persons entry to the US Computer algorithms not considered patentable subject matter Literally truthful statements under oath cannot be prosecuted as perjury even if intent was to mislead questioner Compelled production of voice samples and the 4th and 5th Amendment. Compelled production of handwriting samples. when a patent is directly involved in an antitrust violation, the Government may challenge the validity of the patent abortion, due process, privacy restrictions on abortion due process right to a hearing when administrative rules are to be changed equal protection, education Indian taxation by states Indian taxation by states Active government agent involvement in criminal conspiracy does not constitute entrapment; Rehnquist inadvertently creates possible "outrageous government conduct" standard. equal protection, gender discrimination in military dependency regulation probation hearings and due process standard of proof in employment discrimination cases Voluntary searches are permissible without the knowledge to refuse them standing to sue freedom of speech, Miller test for obscenity freedom of the press, discriminatory commercial speech in classified advertising equal protection does not require equal state assistance to public and private schools and forbids assistance to private schools that discriminate on the basis of race overbreadth of Oklahoma statute forbidding political activities by state employees employers can refuse to hire foreign citizens without violating their civil rights Court upholds ND pharmacy ownership statute against process attack foreign-language education and discrimination under the Civil Rights Act of 1964 Overly restrictive maternity leave regulations in public schools violate the Due Process Clause of US 632 Schlesinger v Holtzman US 1316 (1973) US v Matlock US 164 (1974) Morton v Ruiz US 199 Johnson v Robison US 361 Edelman v Jordan US 651 Storer v Brown US 724 Village of Belle Terre v Boraas US 1 DeFunis v Odegaard US 312 Bob Jones University v Simon US 725 Geduldig v Aiello US 484 Morton v Mancari US 535 Commissioner v Idaho Power Co US 1 Jenkins v Georgia US 153 Miami Herald Publishing Co v Tornillo US 241 Gertz v Robert Welch, Inc US 323 US v Nixon US 683 Milliken v Bradley US 717 Taylor v Louisiana US 522 (1975) Goss v Lopez US 565 (1974) NLRB v J Weingarten, Inc US 251 (1975) Lefkowitz v Newsome US 283 US v Feola US 671 Schlesinger v Councilman US 738 Stanton v Stanton US 7 Dunlop v Bachowski US 560 US v Park US 658 Blue Chip Stamps v Manor Drug Stores US 723 Bigelow v Virginia US 809 Cort v Ash US 66 Erznoznik v City of Jacksonville US 205 City of Richmond v US US 358 Warth v Seldin US 490 US v Peltier US 531 O'Connor v Donaldson US 563 Faretta v California US 806 US v Brignoni-Ponce US 873 Rose v Locke US 48 Rizzo v Goode US 362 (1976) Buckley v Valeo US 1 the 14th Amendment. presidential war power 4th Amendment, Search and seizure, "co-occupant consent rule" administrative law, Bureau of Indian Affairs improperly limited eligibility for general assistance benefits different benefits for combat veterans and conscientious objectors does not violate equal protection or the free exercise clause 11th Amendment and disability payments political campaign laws upholding a zoning ordinance which prevented multiple unrelated people from living together mootness A private university, notified by the IRS, about a new policy of denying tax-exempt status for private schools with racially discriminatory admissions policies. Petitioner sued for injunctive relief to prevent revocation Denial of benefits for work loss resulting from normal pregnancy does not violate the Equal Protection Clause hiring preferences given by Congress to Native Americans at the Bureau of Indian Affairs are not violative of the Due Process Clause of the 5th Amendment. Income tax, capitalization of costs related to acquisition of capital assets obscenity; motion picture Carnal Knowledge freedom of speech 1st Amendment and defamation—narrowing NY Times v Sullivan judicial review, executive privilege, separation of powers segregation, busing women cannot be excluded from a jury pool, overturning Hoyt v Florida Due process in suspending a student from school The Weingarten rights--rights of union members facing disciplinary proceedings guilty pleas in state court and federal habeas corpus proceeding mens rea requirement for conspiracy is no greater than that for the substantive crime scope and jurisdiction of courts martial different ages of majority in the context of child support did not pass review regarding equal protection judicial power and judicial review criminal liability of chief executive officer of a corporation for the misdeeds of the company private damages actions under Rule 10b-5 is confined to actual purchasers or sellers of securities st 1 Amendment and commercial speech election law, implied cause of action city ordinance prohibiting the showing of films containing nudity by a drive-in theater violated 1st Amendment A case that limited Richmond, Virginia's right to annex land from surrounding counties law of standing Exclusionary Rule Not Applicable when officer relied on statute subsequently ruled unconstitutional institutionalization of a non-dangerous mentally ill person criminal defendants have the constitutional right to refuse counsel The 4th Amendment requires reasonable suspicion for border patrol agents to stop vehicles near the border and ask about citizenship and immigration status; apparent Mexican ancestry does not qualify vagueness of a law against cunnilingus federalism and injunctions against city officials 1st Amendment and campaign finance reform Mathews v Eldridge US 319 Imbler v Pachtman US 409 Time, Inc v Firestone US 448 Colorado River Water Conservation District v US US 800 Dann v Johnston US 219 Hills v Gautreaux US 284 Hampton v US US 484 Estelle v Williams US 501 Virginia State Pharmacy Bd v Virginia Citizens Consumer Council US 748 Washington v Davis US 229 Bryan v Itasca County US 373 TSC Industries, Inc v Northway, Inc US 438 Kleppe v NM US 529 Doyle v Ohio US 610 Serbian Orthodox Diocese v Milivojevich US 696 Hughes v Alexandria Scrap Corp US 794 National League of Cities v Usery US 833 Young v American Mini Theatres US 50 Runyon v McCrary US 160 New Orleans v Dukes US 297 Fitzpatrick v Bitzer US 445 Nebraska Press Association v Stuart US 529 Planned Parenthood of Central Missouri v Danforth US 52 Gregg v Georgia US 153 Mathews v Eldridge US 319 Woodson v NC US 280 SD v Opperman US 364 US v Janis US 433 Stone v Powell US 465 US v Martinez-Fuerte US 543 Estelle v Gamble US 97 Craig v Boren US 190 Arlington Heights v Metropolitan Housing Corp US 252 (1977) Mount Healthy City School Dist Bd of Ed v Doyle US 274 Whalen v Roe US 589 Califano v Goldfarb US 199 Complete Auto Transit, Inc. v Brady US 274 Brewer v Williams US 387 Ingraham v Wright US 651 Wooley v Maynard US 705 procedural due process for termination of Social Security benefits immunity of prosecutors when acting within their official capacity rights of the media and public figures in defamation suits Abstention doctrine early case on the patentability of Business method patent 5th Amendment and Civil Rights Act of 1964 entrapment and drug distribution trying a criminal defendant while he is clad in prison garb violates due process commercial speech—advertising prescription drug prices equal protection State taxation of Indians materiality of false or misleading statements in proxy statements under the Securities Exchange Act of 1934 protection of animals on land held by the Bureau of Land Management impeaching a defendant with his silence in response to the warnings required by Miranda v. Arizona violates the 5th Amendment judicial determination of internal disputes of church governance violates the Establishment Clause "market participant exception" to the Dormant Commerce Clause 10th amendment sufficient to invalidate federal Fair Labor Standards Act; overruled by Garcia upholding Detroit's ordinance regulating location of adult-oriented businesses race discrimination in private school admissions under 42 U.S.C. § 1981 equal protection does not limit a state's regulatory power regarding grandfather clauses limitations imposed by the 11th Amendment on damages paid by states under Title VII standards for regulating publicity in advance of a criminal trial constitutionality of various abortion regulations; the 1st such challenge after Roe v Wade capital punishment does not per se violate the 8th Amendment procedural due process for termination of Social Security benefits mandatory death penalties and capital punishment searching an impounded vehicle is permissible under the 4th Amendment the exclusionary rule does not apply in civil forfeiture proceedings violations of the exclusionary rule may not be asserted in federal corpus proceedings routine stops of vehicles entering the US made by the Border Patrol do not violate the 4th Amendment deliberate indifference to prisoner medical needs is required to make out a violation of the 8th sex discrimination in drinking ages discriminatory intent required to make out a violation of the Equal Protection Clause retaliatory adverse employment action that rises to the level of a constitutional violation and42 U.S.C. § 1983 The NY Controlled Substances Act's requirement that doctors send a copy of prescriptions to the state department of health did not violate privacy rights differing Social Security benefits for widows and widowers violates equal protection constitutional requirements for imposing state business privilege taxes on out-of-state corporations 6th Amendment requires criminal defendants to have counsel during police interrogation conducted after indictment corporal punishment of public school students State cannot compel citizens to display the state motto upon their vehicle license plates Bounds v Smith US 817 Linmark Associates, Inc., v Township of Willingboro US 85 Abood v Detroit Bd of Ed US 209 Moore v City of East Cleveland US 494 Carey v Population Services International US 678 National Socialist Party of America v Village of Skokie US 43 Hunt v Washington State Apple Advertising Commission US 333 Beal v Doe US 438 US v Chadwick US 1 Shaffer v Heitner US 186 Bates v State Bar of Arizona US 350 Nixon v Administrator of General Services US 425 Zacchini v Scripps-Howard Broadcasting Co US 562 Coker v Georgia US 584 Commissioner v Kowalski US 77 Pennsylvania v Mimms US 106 Moore v Illinois US 220 Browder v Director, Dept of Corrections US 257 (1978) Pfizer, Inc. v Government of India US 308 Bordenkircher v Hayes US 357 Zablocki v Redhail US 374 Oliphant v Suquamish Indian Tribe US 191 Ballew v Georgia US 223 Lakeside v Oregon US 333 Stump v Sparkman US 349 Vermont Yankee Nuclear Power Corp. v Natural Resources Defense Council, Inc US 519 Frank Lyon Co v US US 561 McDaniel v Paty US 618 Elkins v Moreno US 647 1st National Bank of Boston v Bellotti US 765 Landmark Communications, Inc v Virginia US 829 Santa Clara Pueblo v Martinez US 49 the right of prisoners to access the courts requires prisons to furnish legal assistance municipality's ban on real estate signs unconstitutionally inhibited commercial speech compelling nonunion members to support union political activities violates the 1st Amendment zoning ordinances forbidding extended families to live in the same house violate due process availability of contraceptives to girls under the age of 16 procedure to be afforded those denied the right to march Dormant Commerce Clause right of a state to restrict use of federal funds for abortion warrantless search of double-locked luggage just placed in the trunk of a parked vehicle is not justified under the automobile exception to the 4th Amendment quasi in rem jurisdiction and minimum contacts 1st Amendment constraints on advertising by lawyers papers of President Nixon 1st Amendment limitations on suits for invasion of privacy death penalty for rape unconstitutional under the 8th Amendment taxation of meals furnished by an employer. [1]In this case, the Court interpreted Internal Revenue Code §119(a)-(b)(4) and (d) and Treas. Reg. §1.119-1 applying Terry v Ohio to passengers in an automobile 6th Amendment requires a criminal defendant to counsel at a lineup conducted after being indicted federal courts of appeals lack jurisdiction to hear untimely filed appeals foreign nations, who may sue in federal court, may also obtain triple damages for violations of the Clayton Act prosecutors may threaten defendants with more serious charges in order to induce a guilty plea marriage as a fundamental right Indian tribal courts do not have inherent criminal jurisdiction to try and to punish non-Indians juries in criminal trials may not have fewer than 6 members Jury instructions regarding the right against self incrimination and refusal to testify judicial immunity judicial deference to government agencies ownership of realty in sale-leaseback for tax deduction for depreciation purposes. qualification of ministers to hold political office in-state tuition at state universities for non-citizen students 1st Amendment and corporate political contributions press freedom in judicial discipline proceedings sovereign immunity of Indian tribes Flagg Bros., Inc v Brooks US 149 upholding section of NY Uniform Commercial Code permitting repossession of goods by warehouse Baldwin v Fish and Game Commission of Montana US 371 affirmed the right of the state of Montana to charge higher fees for out of state elk hunters Taylor v Kentucky US 378 instructing the jury in a criminal trial on the presumption of innocence and the meaning of proof beyond a reasonable doubt Ohralik v Ohio State Bar Association US 447 Zurcher v Stanford Daily US 547 Monell v Department of Social Services US 658 state regulation of in-person solicitation of clients by lawyers standards for issuing search warrants to 3rd parties; special 1st Amendment protections for the press in keeping evidence of possible crimes liability of municipal officials for violations of constitutional rights; they are not liable for merely employing the person who violated the person's rights, and do not enjoy absolute immunity for their actions Exxon Corp v Governor of Maryland US 117 TVA v Hill US 153 Owen Equipment & Erection Co v Kroger US 365 Mincey v Arizona US 385 Parker v Flook US 584 City of Philadelphia v NJ US 617 Duke Power Co. v Carolina Environmental Study Group US 59 Penn Central Transp Co v NYC US 104 Franks v Delaware US 154 Regents of the University of California v Bakke US 265 Lockett v Ohio US 586 FCC v Pacifica Foundation US 726 Rakas v Illinois US 128 Marquette Nat. Bank of Minneapolis v 1st of Omaha Service Corp US 299 Parklane Hosiery Co, Inc. v Shore US 322 (1979) Colautti v Franklin US 379 Thor Power Tool Co v Commissioner US 522 Hisquierdo v Hisquierdo US 572 Scott v Illinois US 367 Nevada v Hill US 410 National Labor Relations Bd v Catholic Bishop of Chicago US 490 NYC Transit Authority v Beazer US 568 Dormant Commerce Clause and state petroleum regulation interpretation of the Endangered Species Act joinder and diversity jurisdiction 4th Amendment does not provide a "murder scene exception" to the warrant-and-probablecause requirement Algorithms and patent law Dormant Commerce Clause prohibits banning importation of trash into a state constitutionality of Price-Anderson Nuclear Industries Indemnity Act substantive due process, taking clause, landmarks preservation challenging false statements made in support of issuing a search warrant racial discrimination, affirmative action mitigating evidence required by the 8th Amendment in capital sentencing proceedings obscenity, FCC policing of obscenity asserting the 4th Amendment rights of third persons State anti-usury laws cannot be enforced against nationally-chartered banks located out of state preclusion doctrine Pennsylvania's Abortion Control Act held void for vagueness Income tax in the United States; depreciation of a publisher's inventory dividing federal railroad retirement benefits under state community property laws 6th Amendment right to counsel applies only to crimes for which the actual penalty is imprisonment states are not immune from suit in the courts of other states the National Labor Relations Act does not extend to teachers employed by church-operated schools Civil Rights Act of 1964 and legality of discrimination against methadone users th Delaware v Prouse US 648 US v Caceres US 741 Burch v Louisiana US 130 Addington v Texas US 418 US v 564.54 Acres of Land US 506 Bell v Wolfish US 520 Cannon v University of Chicago US 677 Greenholtz v Inmates of the Nebraska Penal and Correctional Complex US 1 Personnel Administrator of 4 Amendment forbids stopping a motorist to check for a driver's license in the absence of reasonable suspicion to believe the driver has violated a traffic law th 4 Amendment does not require exclusion of evidence seized in violation of governmental regulation at a criminal trial, a 6-member trial must be unanimous involuntarily committing a person to a mental hospital requires a clear and convincing standard of proof Takings Clause only requires payment of fair market value to landowner rights of accused persons being held in prison pending trial. gender discrimination, implied cause of action due process liberty interest in parole government employment preferences for veterans do not constitute sex discrimination Massachusetts v Feeney US 256 Torres v Puerto Rico US 465 Sandstrom v Montana US 510 Wilson v Omaha Tribe US 653 Califano v Yamasaki US 682 Fare v Michael C. US 707 Smith v Maryland US 735 Arkansas v Sanders US 753 United Steel Workers of America v Weber US 193 Gannett Co. v DePasquale US 368 Bellotti v Baird US 622 Ybarra v Illinois US 85 Goldwater v Carter US 996 Vance v Terrazas US 252 (1980) World-Wide Volkswagen Corp v Woodson US 286 Village of Schaumburg v Citizens for a Better Environment US 620 Trammel v US U.S. 40 Rummel v Estelle US 263 Vitek v Jones US 380 Payton v NY US 573 Owen v City of Independence US 622 Mobile v Bolden US 55 RI v Innis US 291 Cuyler v Sullivan US 335 Godfrey v Georgia US 420 US v Mendenhall US 544 Walker v Armco Steel Corp US 740 Pruneyard Shopping Center v Robins US 74 Jenkins v Anderson US 231 Agins v City of Tiburon US 255 Diamond v Chakrabarty US 303 Consolidated Edison Co. v Public Service Commission US 530 Central Hudson Gas & Electric Corp. v Public Service Commission US 557 Beck v Alabama US 625 US v Raddatz US 667 US v Payner US 727 Maine v Thiboutot US 1 Adams v Texas US 38 Ohio v Roberts US 56 4th Amendment applies to Puerto Rico instructing the jury on the burden of proof in criminal trials federal law governs an Indian tribe's right of possession to land procedural due process and the Social Security Act invocation of the Miranda rights by asking for a probation officer leaves call detail records outside the protection of the 4th Amendment. absent exigency, the warrantless search of personal luggage merely because it was located in an automobile lawfully stopped by the police is not justified under the automobile exception to the 4th Amendment regarding affirmative action, reverse discrimination standing of the press to assert violations of the right to a public trial parental notification requirements for abortion are constitutional with a judicial bypass provision a person's mere presence at a place for which the police have a warrant to search does not allow the police to search that person justiciability, political question doctrine a US citizen cannot have his or her US citizenship taken away without proof, by a preponderance of evidence, that he or she acted with an intention to relinquish that citizenship. Personal jurisdiction, strict liability 1st Amendment protection for door-to-door soliciting marital privilege under the Federal Rules of Evidence life in prison with possibility of parole is not cruel and unusual punishment for a habitual offender convicted of passing bad checks due process liberty interest in forcible commitment to a mental hospital 4th Amendment prohibits warrantless entry into a home to effect a routine felony arrest municipal liability under the Civil Rights Act At-Large voting system and the 15th Amendment meaning of "interrogation" under Miranda v Arizona criminal defendant's right to counsel not saddled by a conflict of interest 8th Amendment overbreadth of an aggravating circumstance required for imposing the death penalty police may obtain consent to detain a person and search them under the 4th Amendment Erie Doctrine – state statute of limitations vs. Federal Rules of Civil Procedure federalism, freedom of speech criminal defendant's silence prior to arrest may be held against him in court zoning and regulatory takings patentability of genetically modified organisms freedom of speech (companies including information inserts with bills) commercial speech—energy company advertising lesser-included instructions in capital murder cases federal district court review of determinations by federal magistrate judges Court's supervisory power does not allow application of exclusionary rule even where third party's 4th Amendment rights were clearly violated 42 U.S.C. § 1983 allows suits for violations of federal statutory law juror oaths regarding factual deliberations in capital cases hearsay is admissible under the 6th Amendment if it bears particular guarantees of trustworthiness; overruled by Crawford v Washington White Mountain Apache Tribe v Bracker US 136 Harris v McRae US 297 US v Sioux Nation of Indians US 371 Fullilove v Klutznick US 448 Industrial Union Department v American Petroleum Institute US 607 Stone v Graham US 39 Upjohn Co. v US US 383 (1981) Minnesota v Clover Leaf Creamery Co US 456 Fedorenko v US US 490 Diamond, Commissioner of Patents and Trademarks v Diehr et al US 175 HL v Matheson US 398 Michael M v Superior Court of Sonoma County US 464 Kassel v Consolidated Freightways Corp US 662 Thomas v Review Bd of the Indiana Employment Security Div US 707 Estelle v Smith US 454 Edwards v Arizona US 477 Parratt v Taylor US 527 Lassiter v Dept of Social Services US 18 Connecticut Brd of Pardons v Dumschat US 458 Rostker v Goldberg US 57 City of Newport v Fact Concerts, Inc US 247 Haig v Agee US 280 California v Prysock US 355 NY v Belton US 454 Metromedia, Inc v City of San Diego US 490 Dames & Moore v Regan US 654 Piper Aircraft Co v Reyno US 235 Widmar v Vincent US 263 Polk County v Dodson US 312 Cabell v Chavez-Salido US 432 (1982) Valley Forge Christian College v Americans United for Separation of Church and State US 464 Community Communications Co. v City of Boulder US 40 state is not allowed to tax a non-Indian contractor who works exclusively on a reservation states are not required to fund abortions seizure of Native American lands Equal protection, government contract set-aside for minority owned businesses administrative law, determining OSHA's powers to regulate toxic chemicals in the workplace requiring privately-funded posting of the 10 Commandments in public school classrooms violates the Establishment Clause attorney-client privilege ban on nonreturnable milk containers under the rational basis test of equal protection law revoking the citizenship of a naturalized former concentration camp guard patentability of machines controlled by computer software upholding parental notification law for minors' abortions sex discrimination in statutory rape laws Iowa state restriction on tractor trailer length violated Dormant Commerce Clause religious pacifism and unemployment benefits under the Free Exercise Clause statements taken in violation of the 5th and 6th Amendment rights to counsel may not be admitted at a capital sentencing proceeding police may not initiate questioning once a suspect has invoked his rights under Miranda v Arizona mere negligence does not state a claim for a due process violation under 42 U.S.C. § 1983 right to counsel in parental termination proceedings due process right to commutation of life sentences Equal Protection Clause, women exempt from Selective Service registration punitive damages against municipalities in suits under 42 U.S.C. § 1983 power of Executive Branch to revoke passports phrasing of the warnings required by Miranda v Arizona scope of a lawful search incident to the arrest of a passenger in an automobile includes things inside the passenger compartment municipal regulation of billboards under the 1st Amendment executive authority over foreign affairs, International Emergency Economic Powers Act forum non conveniens doctrine use of state university classroom space by religious student groups liability under 42 U.S.C. § 1983 for violations of constitutional rights allegedly committed by public defenders citizenship requirements for probation officers standing to sue for alleged violations of the Establishment Clause municipalities may not allow monopolies under home rule and instead must rely on policies enacted at the state level. Eddings v Oklahoma US 104 Merrion v Jicarilla Apache Tribe US 130 US v Lee US 252 Rose v Lundy US 509 Santosky v Kramer US 745 Connecticut Bd of Pardons v Dumschat US 458 (1981) American Society Of Mechanical Engineers v Hydrolevel Corp US 556 (1982) Oregon v Kennedy US 667 US v Ross US 798 Plyler v Doe US 202 Youngberg v Romeo US 307 Nixon v Fitzgerald US 731 Harlow v Fitzgerald US 800 Bd of Ed, Island Trees School Dist v Pico US 853 Northern Pipeline Co v Marathon Pipe Line Co US 50 Loretto v Teleprompter Manhattan CATV Corp US 419 Mississippi University for Women v Hogan US 718 NY v Ferber US 747 Enmund v Florida US 782 US v Valenzuela-Bernal US 858 NAACP v Claiborne Hardware Co US 886 Sporhase v Nebraska ex rel. Douglas US 941 Larkin v Grendel's Den, Inc US 116 Hewitt v Helms US 460 (1983) SD v Neville US 553 scope of mitigation evidence presented at a sentencing hearing in a capital case required by the 8th Amendment tribal sovereignty, an Indian tribe is authorized to impose a severance tax on non-Indian oil companies drilling on reservation land religious opposition to participation in Social Security exhaustion requirement in federal habeas proceedings standard of proof in parental termination proceedings must be at least clear and convincing evidence due process right to commutation of life sentences non-profit associations are liable for treble damages under the Sherman Antitrust Act due to antitrust violations double jeopardy protections for retrial after a mistrial is granted acceptable scope of a warrantless search of an automobile that has been legitimately stopped and that the police have probable cause to believe contains contraband illegal immigrants and public education rights of the involuntarily committed and mentally retarded qualified immunity of executive branch officials absolute immunity for executive branch officials right to remove "objectionable" books from school libraries Article III of the US Constitution and the Bankruptcy Code per se rule of takings clause single-sex nursing schools and the Equal Protection Clause States may ban sexual images of minors even where material does not meet existing tests of obscenity felony murder and the death penalty constitutionality of deporting aliens who might give testimony in criminal alien smuggling prosecutions 1st Amendment protection for boycotts Nebraska statute forbidding commercial exportation of water violated the Dormant Commerce Clause allowing churches to veto nearby liquor licenses violates the Establishment Clause procedural due process protections for prisoners transferred to administrative segregation admitting evidence of refusal to submit to field sobriety tests does not violate the 5th Amendment privilege against self-incrimination Moses H. Cone Memorial Hospital v Mercury Constr. Corp US 1 Colorado River abstention and enforcement of arbitration clauses in diversity Briscoe v LaHue US 325 A case where the court held that Title 42 U.S.C. § 1983 did not authorize a convicted state defendant to assert a claim for damages against a police officer for giving perjured testimony at the defendant's criminal trial. DC Court of Appeals v Feldman US 462 Florida v Royer US 491 Metropolitan Edison Co. v People Against Nuclear Energy US 766 Minneapolis Star Tribune Company v Commissioner US 575 Anderson v Celebrezze US 780 City of Los Angeles v Lyons US 95 (1982) Connick v Myers US 138 (1983) review of state court decisions by US District Courts search and seizure of an airline passenger walking through an airport environmental law; psychological effects do not need to be evaluated as part of an Environmental Special taxes on ink and paper violate the 1st Amendment Filing deadlines for independent candidates may not be extraordinarily early. standing, requirement of plausible threat of future injury for an injunction to issue Free speech rights of public employees for public speech at work Pacific Gas & Electric v State Energy Resources Conservation of Development Commission US 190 Commissioner v Tufts US 300 Kolender v Lawson US 352 Heckler v Campbell US 458 Regan v Taxation with Representation of Washington US 540 Bob Jones University v US US 574 Illinois v Gates US 213 City of Akron v Akron Center for Reproductive Health US 416 US v Place US 696 INS v Chadha US 919 Oregon v Bradshaw US 1039 Bolger v Youngs Drug Products Corp US 60 Solem v Helm US 277 Jones v US US 354 Dirks v Securities & Exchange Commission US 646 Marsh v Chambers US 783 Barefoot v Estelle US 880 Michigan v Long US 1032 Sony Corp v Universal City Studios (Betamax case) US 417 (1984) Southland Corp v Keating US 1 McKaskle v Wiggins US 168 Grove City College v Bell US 555 Lynch v Donnelly US 668 Calder v Jones US 783 United Building & Construction Trades Council v Mayor and Council of Camden US 208 Oliver v US US 170 Immigration and Naturalization Service v Delgado US 210 Helicopteros Nacionales de Colombia, S. A. v Hall US 408 Bose Corp v Consumers Union of US, Inc US 485 Strickland v Washington US 668 Members of the City Council of the City of Los Angeles v Taxpayers for Vincent US 789 Waller v Georgia US 39 South-Central Timber Development, Inc v Wunnicke Preemption, Nuclear Power unanimous decision on when a taxpayer sells or disposes of property encumbered by a nonrecourse obligation exceeding the fair market value of the property sold, the Commissioner of Internal Revenue may require him to include in the “amount realized” the outstanding amount of the obligation; the fair market value of the property is irrelevant to this calculation. requiring loiterers or wanderers on the streets to present identification and to account for their presence when requested by a police officer is unconstitutional HHS Secretary's power to promulgate guidelines defining disability restricting 501(c)(3) nonprofit organizations from engaging in political activity does not violate the First Amendment freedom of religion and tax exemptions validity of searches conducted pursuant to warrants predicated on an informant's tip requiring abortions to be performed in a hospital, restricting abortion to girls over 16, and requiring a doctor to impart certain information before performing an abortion are all unconstitutional dog sniff is not a search under the 4th Amendment unconstitutionality of the legislative veto protections of Miranda v Arizona when the suspect reinitiates conversation with the police 1st Amendment, definition of commercial speech life without parole for passing bad checks is cruel and unusual punishment verdict of not guilty by reason of insanity is sufficiently probative of mental illness and dangerousness to justify involuntary commitment Insider trading, interpretation of Rule 10b-5 of the Securities Exchange Act of 1934 Establishment Clause does not forbid state legislatures from employing chaplains Admissibility of psychiatrist's testimony about a criminal's future dangerousness “adequate and independent state ground” copyright, VCR "time-shifting", fair use Federal Arbitration Act applies to actions in state courts standby counsel does not violate criminal defendant's 6th Amendment right to present his own case in a criminal trial acquiescence to federal anti-discrimination regulations through acceptance of federal funds public religious display on private property minimum contacts for personal jurisdiction based on a libelous publication Privileges and Immunities clause reaffirmed open fields doctrine in a case where the defendant grew marijuana in his field 4th Amendment requirements for administrative searches Purchases in the US by a non-resident corporation are insufficient under the minimum test to establish in personam jurisdiction appellate courts may make finding of "actual malice" required for libel claims against public figures by the 1st Amendment standard for ineffective assistance of counsel under the 6th Amendment 1st Amendment regulation of posting of campaign signs 6th Amendment right to a public trial market participant exception to the Dormant Commerce Clause US 82 US v Gouveia US 180 Bernal v Fainter US 216 Hawaii Housing Authority v Midkiff US 229 Immigration and Naturalization Service v Stevic US 407 California v Trombetta US 479 NY v Quarles US 649 Chevron USA v Natural Resources Defense Council US 837 FCC v League of Women Voters of California US 364 Brown v Hotel and Restaurant Employees US 491 Roberts v US Jaycees US 609 Regan v Time, Inc US 641 Allen v Wright US 737 US v Leon US 897 Mills Music, Inc v Snyder US 153 (1985) NJ v T L O US 325 Evitts v Lucey US 387 Wainwright v Witt US 412 US v Maine US 504 Garcia v San Antonio Metropolitan Transit Authority US 528 Ake v Oklahoma US 68 Supreme Court of NH v Piper US 274 Oregon v Elstad US 298 Cleveland Bd of Ed v Loudermill US 532 Winston v Lee US 753 Heckler v Chaney US 821 Tennessee v Garner US 1 Burger King v Rudzewicz US 462 Harper & Row v Nation Enterprises US 539 Landreth Timber Co v Landreth US 681 Wallace v Jaffree US 38 Superintendent, Mass. Correctional Institute at Walpole v Hill US 445 McDonald v Smith US 479 Brockett v Spokane Arcades, Inc US 491 Mitchell v Forsyth US 511 Aspen Skiing Co v Aspen Highlands Skiing Corp US 585 Thornton v Caldor US 703 Dun & Bradstreet, Inc v right to counsel for prisoners under administrative segregation citizenship of notaries public land use law, takings to redistribute private property aliens must establish a clear probability of persecution to avoid deportation preservation of breath samples in DUI cases not required under the Due Process Clause Miranda rights judicial review of the interpretation of statutes by government agencies revert regulation on "editorializing" by government funded broadcasters NJ Casino Control Act was not preempted by the National Labor Relations Act 1st Amendment freedom of association and excluding women as members of a private club artistic depictions of US currency standing to sue for executive action alleged to promote racial discrimination by 3rd parties search and seizure, "good faith" exception to exclusionary rule assignment of royalties under the Copyright Act search & seizure at a public high school effective assistance of counsel in appeals in criminal cases selection of jurors in death penalty cases Long Island is an extension of the mainland and the bordering sounds are therefore under state regulatory control application of minimum wage laws to state governments right of the accused asserting insanity to a state-appointed psychiatrist residency requirements for membership in the state bar applying the exclusionary rule to violations of the Miranda rights due process right of public employees to be heard before termination compelled surgical intrusion into an individual's body for evidence violates suspect's 4th Amendment rights forcing the Food and Drug Administration to determine whether it is legal to use certain drugs for lethal injection Restriction on the use of deadly force as part of the Fleeing felon rule. personal jurisdiction, "purposeful availment" fair use of copyrighted material The Securities Act of 1933 and the "sale of business" doctrine school sponsorship of voluntary religious observances prison disciplinary decisions to revoke good-time credits must be supported by "some evidence" Petition Clause of 1st Amendment does not provide absolute immunity to charges of defamation regulation of adult bookstores civil liability for conducting warrantless wiretaps antitrust and alteration of marketing cooperation agreement constitutionality of Sabbath laws 1 Amendment, libel in credit reporting st Greenmoss Builders, Inc US 749 Dowling v US US 207 Aguilar v Felton US 402 City of Cleburne v Cleburne Living Center, Inc US 432 US v Montoya de Hernandez US 531 Thomas v Union Carbide Agricultural Products Co US 568 US v Bagley US 667 Heath v Alabama US 82 Witters v Washington Dept of Services For the Blind US 481 Vasquez v Hillery US 254 (1986) Cabana v Bullock US 376 Nix v Whiteside US 157 Fisher v City of Berkeley US 260 Goldman v Weinberger US 503 Michigan v Jackson US 625 Philadelphia Newspapers, Inc v Hepps US 767 Batson v Kentucky US 79 Poland v Arizona US 147 California v Ciraolo US 206 Dow Chemical Co v US US 227 Brown-Forman Distillers Corp v NY State Liquor Authority US 573 Bowen v Roy US 693 Thornburgh v American College of Obstetricians and Gynecologists US 747 Meritor Savings Bank v Vinson US 57 McMillan v Pennsylvania US 79 Maine v Taylor US 131 Anderson v Liberty Lobby US 242 Celotex Corp v Catrett US 317 Ford v Wainwright US 399 Press-Enterprise Co v Superior Court US 1 Bowers v Hardwick US 186 Posadas de Puerto Rico Associates v Tourism Company of Puerto Rico US 328 Allen v Illinois US 364 Bethel School Dist v Fraser US 675 Bowsher v Synar US 714 Merrell Dow Pharmaceuticals Inc v Thompson US 804 copyright infringement as theft using federal funds to pay teachers in parochial schools under the Establishment Clause equal protection for the mentally disabled constitutionality of body cavity searches at the border under the 4th Amendment Article III and the arbitration provisions of FIFRA prosecutors must disclose information useful for impeaching government witnesses under Brady the double jeopardy clause of the 5th Amendment does not prevent one state from trying and punishing someone for an act for which he has already been convicted and sentenced by another state constitutionality of public aid paid directly to students of Christian colleges race discrimination in selecting grand juries appellate courts may make the finding required by Enmund v Florida in the first instance presentation of perjured testimony at a criminal trial; 6th Amendment right to counsel rent control ordinances and the Sherman Antitrust Act religious headwear for military personnel under the Establishment Clause suspect confessions and the Sixth Amendment right to counsel 1st Amendment constraints on libel actions; private-figure plaintiffs must show falsity of statements peremptory challenge, racial discrimination reimposing the death penalty after the underlying murder conviction has been vacated naked-eye aerial observation of defendant's backyard by police does not violate the 4th Amendment aerial photography of industrial facilities by the EPA does not violate 4th Amendment--decided same day as Ciraolo price controls on alcoholic beverages and the Commerce Clause freedom of religion and Social Security numbers requiring "informed consent" before an abortion "hostile work environment" as sexual harassment mandatory minimum sentences are not elements of crimes subject to proof beyond a reasonable doubt exception to Dormant Commerce Clause standard for summary judgment standard for summary judgment competence to be executed 1st Amendment free press guarantee and the right to a transcript of a preliminary hearing sodomy and substantive due process; overruled by Lawrence v Texas (2003) Central Hudson test and 1st Amendment commercial speech statements made in civil commitment proceedings for sex offenders are not subject to the 5th privilege against self-incrimination censorship of obscene speech at a school assembly Gramm–Rudman–Hollings Balanced Budget Act, office of Comptroller General, separation of powers Federal courts cannot claim original jurisdiction for violation of a statute which does not provide a private cause of action Commodity Futures Trading Commission v Schor US 833 Colorado v Connelly US 157 Griffith v Kentucky US 314 (1987) Commissioner v Groetzinger US 23 Maryland v Garrison US 79 Asahi Metal Industry Co. v Superior Court of California US 102 Arizona v Hicks US 321 US v Dunn US 294 Immigration and Naturalization Service v Cardoza-Fonseca US 421 Keystone Bituminous Coal Ass'n v Debenedictus US 470 O'Connor v Ortega US 709 Tison v Arizona US 137 McCleskey v Kemp US 279 Pennsylvania v Finley US 551 Saint Francis College v al-Khazraji US 604 Hodel v Irving US 704 US v Salerno US 739 Turner v Safley US 78 1st English Evangelical Lutheran Church v Los Angeles County US 304 O'Lone v Estate of Shabazz US 342 Bd of Airport Commissioners of Los Angeles v Jews for Jesus, Inc US 569 Edwards v Aguillard US 578 SD v Dole US 203 Puerto Rico v Branstad US 219 Rankin v McPherson US 378 US v Stanley US 669 Nollan v California Coastal Commission US 825 Hazelwood v Kuhlmeier US 260 (1988) Hustler Magazine v Falwell US 46 Immigration and Naturalization Service v Abudu US 94 Basic Inc v Levinson US 224 Lying v Northwest Indian CPA US 439 SC v Baker US 505 Huddleston v US US 681 Jurisdiction of Article I and Article III tribunals, waiver of Article III jurisdiction Rehnquist Court (September 26, 1986 – September 3, 2005) the involuntary statement of a criminal suspect uttered during a schizophrenic episode but not coerced by the Government is not precluded from admission in court by the due process clause criminal defendants receive the benefit of new constitutional rules announced before their cases are final on direct review addressed the issue of what qualifies as being either a trade or business under Section 162(a) of the Internal Revenue Code reasonable belief by police in the validity of a search warrant due process, personal jurisdiction, Minimum contacts probable cause relating to the plain view doctrine under the 4th Amendment open fields doctrine Asylum applicants must show "well-founded fear" of persecution to establish their eligibility substantive due process, the takings clause of the 5th Amendment 4th Amendment rights of public employees Felony murder and the death penalty: death penalty is constitutional for major participants in felonies who exhibit extreme indifference to human life, even if someone else personally kills the victim race discrimination and the death penalty right to counsel in post-conviction proceedings persons of Arabian ancestry may make claims for race discrimination under 42 U.S.C. § 1981 5th Amendment taking of fractional interests in Native American lands upholding Bail Reform Act of 1984 as not violating Due Process or Excessive Bail clauses free speech and marriage rights of prison inmates substantive due process, temporary taking not a violation of the Free Exercise Clause to deprive an inmate of attending a religious service for "legitimate penological interests." constitutionality of broad free speech prohibitions constitutionality of mandating teaching of creation science in conjunction with evolution use of federal funding to encourage changes in state laws—here, raising the drinking age in all states from 18 to 21 Federal court enforcement of extradition of fugitives free speech rights of federal employees soldier's tort claim related to Project MKULTRA barred substantive due process, the takings clause freedom of speech in secondary school newspapers 1st Amendment; parody, emotional distress Federal courts of appeals must review denials of motions to reopen immigration proceedings for abuse of discretion interpretation of SEC Rule 10b-5, market price manipulation religious rights of Native American vs. public interest Federal requirement that state and local bonds be issued in registered form did not violate the 10th Amendment admissibility of prior "bad acts" under the Federal Rules of Evidence California v Greenwood US 35 Maynard v Cartwright US 356 Webster v Doe US 592 Schweiker v Chilicky US 412 Frisby v Schultz US 474 Morrison v Olson US 654 Thompson v Oklahoma US 815 Arizona v Youngblood US 51 Mistretta v US US 361 (1989) Florida v Riley US 445 City of Richmond v JA Croson Co US 469 Bonito Boats, Inc v Thunder Craft Boats, Inc US 141 DeShaney v Winnebago County Dept of Social Services US 189 Teague v Lane US 288 Blanton v North Las Vegas US 538 Skinner v Railway Labor Executives’ Ass’n US 602 National Treasury Employees Union v Von Raab US 656 Bd of Estimate of City of NY v Morris US 688 US Dept of Justice v Reporters Committee for Freedom of the Press US 749 Mississippi Band of Choctaw Indians v Holyfield US 30 Graham v Connor US 386 Lauro Lines srl v Chasser et al US 495 Finley v US US 545 Wards Cove Packing Co v Atonio US 642 Hernandez v Commissioner US 680 Community For Creative NonViolence v Reid US 730 Martin v Wilks US 755 Will v Michigan Dept of State Police US 58 Texas v Johnson US 397 Ward v Rock Against Racism US 781 Granfinanciera v Nordberg US 33 Penry v Lynaugh US 302 Stanford v Kentucky US 361 Webster v Reproductive Health Services US 490 County of Allegheny v ACLU US 573 University of Pennsylvania v EEOC US 182 (1990) 4th Amendment; even absent a warrant, the search and seizure of garbage left for collection outside the curtilage of a home cruel and unusual punishment, death penalty ability for CIA firings and hirings to be judicially reviewed no implied cause of action in the Social Security Act 1st Amendment, privacy, restrictions on abortion protests independent counsel's office 8th Amendment; cruel and unusual punishment; capital punishment for juveniles under 16 state's failure to preserve evidence in a criminal case, absent bad faith, is not a due process violation US Sentencing Commission, separation of powers aerial surveillance and the 4th Amendment Affirmative action, constitutionality of minority business set-aside programs for municipal contracts state anti-plug molding law struck down under preemption doctrine for interfering with federal patent law child welfare department's failure to protect a child from known child abuse does not violate due process new constitutional rules do not generally apply retroactively to cases on collateral review Jury trial is unnecessary for petty offenses requiring drug tests for railroad employees is not an unreasonable search under the 4th Amendment requiring drug tests for customs inspectors is not an unreasonable search under the 4th Amendment NY City Board of Estimate representation scheme was held to violate Equal Protection Clause FBI rap sheets may not be disclosed to third parties under the Freedom of Information Act held that the Indian Child Welfare Act governed the adoption of Indian children, and clarified the jurisdiction of the tribal court standard for claims for violations of the 4th Amendment interlocutory appeals pendent party jurisdiction, later overturned by statute standard of evidence for disparate impact employment discrimination cases Scientology courses do not qualify as charitable deductions under the Internal Revenue Code copyright, work for hire civil procedure in employment affirmative action States and their officials acting in their official capacity are not persons under Section 1983 freedom of speech (flag burning) freedom of speech, excessive noise 7th Amendment right to jury trials in bankruptcy proceedings 8th Amendment permits executing the mentally retarded; overruled by Atkins v Virginia th 8 Amendment permits executing offenders who were 16 or 17 years old at the time of the offense; overruled by Roper v Simmons state funding for abortion rights holiday displays and state endorsement of religion peer review privilege not required by Federal Rules of Evidence or 1st Amendment Commissioner v Indianapolis Power & Light Co US 203 FW/PBS v City of Dallas US 215 Sullivan v Zebley US 521 Washington v Harper US 210 US v Verdugo-Urquidez U.S. 259 Chauffeurs, Teamsters, & Helpers Local No. 391 v Terry US 558 Employment Division v Smith US 872 Missouri v Jenkins US 33 Osborne v Ohio US 103 Stewart v Abend US 207 Grady v Corbin US 508 Taylor v US US 575 Burnham v Superior Court of California US 604 Duro v Reina US 676 Westside School Dist v Mergens US 226 US v Eichman US 310 Perpich v Dept of Defense US 334 Eli Lilly & Co v Medtronic, Inc US 661 Milkovich v Lorain Journal Co US 1 Illinois v Rodriguez US 177 Cruzan v Director, Missouri Dept of Health US 261 Hodgson v Minnesota US 417 Walton v Arizona US 639 Maryland v Craig US 836 Perry v Louisiana US 38 Cheek v US US 192 (1991) Bd of Ed of Oklahoma City Public Schools v Dowell US 237 Oklahoma Tax Comm'n v Citizen Band of Potawatomi Tribe of Okla US 505 Feist Publications v Rural Telephone Service Co US 340 Cottage Savings Ass'n v Commissioner US 554 Carnival Cruise Lines, Inc v Shute US 585 County of Riverside v McLaughlin US 44 Rust v Sullivan US 173 Hernandez v NY US 352 Lehnert v Ferris Faculty Ass’n US 507 California v Acevedo US 565 customer deposits constituting taxable income to a utility company regulation of "sexually oriented businesses" determination of SSI benefits for children permissibility of involuntary treatment of psychotic inmates search and seizure of nonresident alien in foreign country scope of 7th Amendment right to jury trial in civil cases religious freedom with respect to drug use power of federal courts to order taxation by state or local governments states have the power to ban possession of child pornography without violating the 1st Amendment rights of the successor of a copyright interest double jeopardy and subsequent prosecutions definition of "burglary" under certain sentence enhancement provisions of the federal criminal code physical presence as a requirement for personal jurisdiction Indian tribes have no jurisdiction over nonmember Indians Bible study clubs in schools freedom of speech (flag burning) Congressional powers over U.S. National Guard premarketing activity conducted to gain approval of a device under the Federal Food, Drug, and Cosmetic Act is exempt from a finding of patent infringement 1st Amendment and defamation--no "opinion privilege" 4th Amendment, "co-occupant consent rule" incompetent persons may not refuse medical treatment under the 14th Amendment requiring parental notification for abortion is constitutional with a judicial bypass provision Capital punishment and sentencing procedure, partially overruled by Ring v Arizona the right of criminal defendants to confront witnesses forcibly medicating a death row inmate with a mental disorder in order to make sure he is competent is impermissible mistake of law is a valid defense to criminal tax evasion because of mens rea case "hasten[ing] the end of federal court desegregation orders. an Indian tribe was not subject to state sales tax for sales to tribal members minimal quantum of creativity is required for copyright protection income tax consequences of mortgage interest exchange, examination of the consequences of the Savings and Loan crisis enforcement of forum selection clauses suspects arrested without a warrant must be brought into court for a probable cause determination within 48 hours government is not required to fund abortion prosecutor may use peremptory challenge against bilingual Latino jurors based on his doubts about the ability of such jurors to defer to the official translation of Spanish-language testimony unions may compel contributions from nonmembers only for the costs of performing its duties as exclusive bargaining agent police may search a container in a car without a warrant if they have probable cause to believe it contains contraband Edmonson v Leesville Concrete Company US 614 Connecticut v Doehr US 1 Toibb v Radloff US 157 McNeil v Wisconsin US 171 Florida v Bostick US 429 Barnes v Glen Theatre, Inc US 560 Cohen v. Cowles Media Co. U.S. 663 Payne v Tennessee US 808 Peretz v US US 923 Harmelin v Michigan US 957 Simon & Schuster v Crime Victims Bd US 105 Immigration and Naturalization Service v Doherty US 314 (1992) INS v Elias-Zacarias US 478 Lechmere, Inc v National Labor Relations Board US 527 Hudson v McMillian US 1 INDOPCO, Inc v Commissioner US 79 US v Felix US 378 US Dept of Commerce v Montana US 442 Jacobson v US US 540 Foucha v Louisiana US 71 Riggins v Nevada US 127 Quill Corp v ND US 298 US v Thompson-Center Arms Company US 505 Lujan v. Defenders of Wildlife US 555 US v Alvarez-Machain US 655 Morgan v Illinois US 719 Georgia v McCollum US 42 Gade v National Solid Wastes Mgmt Ass’n US 88 Forsyth County, Georgia v The Nationalist Movement US 123 NY v US US 144 Wisconsin Dept of Revenue v William Wrigley, Jr., Co US 214 R A V v City of St. Paul US 377 Lee v Weisman US 577 Planned Parenthood v Casey Batson's prohibition on race-based use of peremptory challenges applies in civil trials Connecticut state statute that authorizes prejudgment attachment of real estate without prior notice or hearing violated the 14th Amendment right to due process holding that individual debtors may file for bankruptcy under Chapter 11 of the Bankruptcy Code differences between the rights secured by the 5th Amendment and the 6th Amendment random bus searches routinely conducted pursuant to passenger's consent 1st Amendment and the restriction of nude dancing 1st Amendment, freedom of the press admissibility of victim impact statements, stare decisis could be disregarded where fairness to victim's rights had priority over the demands of consistency in the common law. role of magistrate judges in jury selection in a felony trial life imprisonment for cocaine possession holding that NY's Son of Sam law violated the 1st Amendment U.S. Attorney General has broad discretion to reopen deportation proceedings asylum on account of political opinion must be based on the refugee's political opinion employer can exclude nonemployee union organizers from private company property excessive force against prison inmates, 8th Amendment Expenditures incurred by a target corporation in the course of a friendly takeover are nondeductible capital expenditures under the Internal Revenue Code conviction of a defendant for a crime and for a conspiracy to commit the same offense does not create double jeopardy formula used for reapportionment entrapment occurs when government creates predisposition to commit offense where it did not exist criteria for the continued involuntary commitment of an individual who had been found not guilty by reason of insanity Forced psychiatric medication during trial violated defendant's rights under 6th and 14th Amendments Requiring out-of-state mail order vendor to collect use tax unconstitutionally burdened interstate commerce taxation of firearms Standing in a suit to enforce the Endangered Species Act application of the Ker-Frisbie doctrine A defendant facing the death penalty may challenge for cause a prospective juror who would automatically vote to impose the death penalty in every case standard on peremptory challenges from Batson v Kentucky applied to criminal defendant federal preemption of state labor safety laws 1st Amendment protection and police protection the take title provision of the Low-Level Radioactive Waste Policy Amendments Act of 1985 violated the 10th Amendment permissible scope of taxation of out-of-state corporations doing business within a particular state. fighting words, hate speech 1st Amendment, establishment of religion (prayer at high school graduations) abortion; reaffirming the "core holding" of Roe v Wade US 833 US v Fordice US 717 Lucas v SC Coastal Council US 1003 Commissioner v Soliman US 168 (1993) Nixon v US US 224 Bray v Alexandria Women's Health Clinic US 263 Herrera v Collins US 390 Spectrum Sports, Inc v McQuillan US 447 Shaw v Reno US 630 Reno v Flores US 292 Saudi Arabia v Nelson US 349 Cincinnati v Discovery Network, Inc US 410 US Dept of Justice v Landano US 165 Mertens v Hewitt Associates US 248 Wisconsin v Mitchell US 476 Church of Lukumi Babalu Aye v City of Hialeah US 520 Minnesota v Dickerson US 366 Lamb's Chapel v Center Moriches Union Free School Dist US 384 segregation of colleges and universities per se rule of takings clause "principal place of business" under the Internal Revenue Code judicial impeachment, political question doctrine Civil Rights Act of 1871 could not be used to halt blockades of abortion clinics claim of actual innocence is not grounds for federal habeas corpus relief quantum of proof required for a claim of attempted monopolization under § 2 of the Sherman Antitrust Act appropriateness of considering race in redistricting procedures for detaining juvenile aliens awaiting deportation jurisdiction in an action based upon a "commercial activity" under the Foreign Sovereign Immunities Act 1st Amendment protections against restrictions on distributing handbills Freedom of Information Act and confidentiality Preemption, non-fiduciary liability under ERISA enhanced sentencing for hate crimes and the 1st Amendment animal cruelty, freedom of religion seizure of contraband during stop & frisk access by religious groups to public school facilities SD v Bourland US 679 an Indian tribes hunting and fishing rights were terminated on land the Federal government acquired for a reservoir Sale v Haitian Centers Council US 155 illegal immigration Godinez v Moran US 389 Alexander v US US 544 Daubert v Merrell Dow Pharmaceuticals US 579 Hartford Fire Insurance Co v California US 764 Fogerty v Fantasy US 517 (1994) Campbell v Acuff-Rose Music, Inc US 569 Oregon Waste Systems, Inc v Dept of Environmental Quality of Ore. US 93 JEB v Alabama ex rel TB US 127 Central Bank of Denver v 1st Interstate Bank of Denver US 164 Landgraf v USI Film Products US 244 C&A Carbone, Inc v Town of Clarkstown US 383 Farmer v Brennan US 825 Dolan v City of Tigard US 374 TBS v FCC US 622 Bd of Ed of Kiryas Joel Village School Dist v Grumet US 687 competency standard for pleading guilty or waiving the right to counsel is the same as the competency standard for standing trial RICO's forfeiture provision does not violate the 1st Amendment federal judges as gatekeepers for allowing expert witnesses to testify in trials; see also Daubert Standard application of Sherman Antitrust Act to foreign companies attorney's fees in copyright litigation copyright, commercial fair use is possible, parody Commerce Clause peremptory jury challenges based on sex violate equal protection clause private plaintiffs may not maintain an aiding and abetting lawsuit under the Securities Exchange Act of 1934 retroactive application of statutory amendments effective while cases are pending in court Dormant Commerce Clause civil liability under the 8th Amendment for rape of a transgender prison inmate substantive due process, takings clause upholding must-carry rules against cable television provider's 1st Amendment challenge school district coinciding with religious community Madsen v Women's Health Center, Inc US 753 United Mine Workers of America v Bagwell US 821 US v Shabani US 10 US v X-Citement Video, Inc US 64 Schlup v Delo US 298 (1995) Arizona v Evans US 1 Qualitex Co v Jacobson Products Co, Inc US 159 Plaut v Spendthrift Farm, Inc US 211 McIntyre v Ohio Elections Commission US 334 US v Lopez US 549 US Term Limits, Inc v Thornton US 779 First Options v Kaplan US 938 Adarand Constructors v Peña US 200 Witte v US US 389 Hurley v. Irish-American Gay, Lesbian, and Bisexual Group of Boston US 557 Florida Bar v Went For It, Inc US 618 Vernonia School Dist 47J v Acton US 646 Capitol Square Review & Advisory Bd v Pinnette US 753 Rosenberger v University of Virginia US 819 Miller v Johnson US 900 Bailey v US US 137 Lotus Dev Corp v Borland Int'l, Inc US 233 Behrens v Pelletier US 299 (1996) Hercules, Inc v US US 417 Bennis v Michigan US 442 Seminole Tribe v Florida US 44 Markman v Westview Instruments, Inc US 370 44 Liquormart, Inc v State of RI US 484 BMW of North America, Inc v Gore US 559 Smiley v Citibank US 735 Romer v Evans US 620 Jaffee v Redmond US 1 1st amendment, restrictions on abortion protests constitutional limitations on the contempt powers of courts elements of criminal conspiracy (i.e., requirement for an overt act) conviction under federal child pornography laws requires proof that the defendant knew the subjects were minors Standard of proof required for a habeas corpus petition to reopen a case in light of new evidence of innocence Exclusionary rule does not require suppressing evidence obtained through good-faith reliance on a search warrant that contains a clerical error color trademarks are appropriate subject matter under the Lanham Act separation of powers and finality of judgments anonymous campaign literature under the 1st Amendment interstate commerce, gun-free school zones preventing states from enacting term limits to the US House and Senate independent judicial review of arbitration clause constitutionality of race-based set-asides (strict scrutiny test) using "relevant conduct", as defined by the Federal Sentencing Guidelines, at sentencing does not violate double jeopardy principles 1st Amendment freedom of association as applied to a private parade organizer seeking to exclude a group inconsistent with its stated message under the commercial speech doctrine of the 1st Amendment, states may forbid lawyers from directly soliciting personal injury cases for short periods of time after an accident or a disaster constitutionality of public school drug testing; 4th and 14th Amendments display of religious symbols on government property discrimination by state universities against student religious organizations racial gerrymandering meaning of "use" in federal statute imposing a five-year prison sentence on anyone who "uses" a firearm during or in relation to a drug crime or a crime of violence scope of software copyrights appeal over ruling on qualified immunity liability for producing Agent Orange held that innocent owner defense is not constitutionally mandated by 14th Amendment Due Process in cases of civil forfeiture Article I and the 11th Amendment claim construction of patents restrictions on commercial speech whether punitive damages are limited by substantive due process; 14th Amendment Credit card late fees can be considered interest and thus not subject to regulation by states other than those of bank's location when charged by national banks. equal protection limitation on forbidding elimination of discrimination on the basis of homosexuality federal evidentiary privilege for medical confidentiality Gasperini v Center For Humanities, Inc US 415 US v Virginia US 515 Ohio v Robinette US 33 Caterpillar, Inc v Lewis US 61 MLB v SLJ US 102 Old Chief v US US 172 Schenck v Pro-Choice Network of Western NY US 357 (1997) Auer v Robbins US 452 Warner-Jenkinson Company, Inc v Hilton Davis Chemical Co US 17 Clinton v Jones US 681 Agostini v Felton US 203 Kansas v Hendricks US 346 City of Boerne v Flores US 507 Washington v Glucksberg US 702 Vacco v Quill US 793 Raines v Byrd US 811 Printz, Sheriff/Coroner, Ravalli County, Montana v US US 898 Reno v ACLU US 844 State Oil Co v Khan US 3 Alaska v Native Village of Venetie Tribal Government US 520 (1998) NCUA v 1st National Bank & Trust US 479 Lexecon Inc v Milberg Weiss Bershad Hynes & Lerach US 26 Oncale v Sundowner Offshore Services US 75 Quality King Distributors Inc, v L'anza Research International Inc US 135 7th Amendment, modern interpretation of the Erie doctrine separate but equal gender discrimination informing motorists that a traffic stop has ended and the motorist is "free to go" is not required under the 4th Amendment diversity of citizenship must exist at the time of entry of judgment states must provide transcripts to poor litigants wishing to appeal adverse parental termination decisions admitting evidence of prior convictions and the danger of "unfair prejudice" under Rule 403 of the Federal Rules of Evidence protesters at abortion clinics FLSA and overtime pay of police officers patent law, doctrine of equivalents Executive privilege and immunity reexamination of Establishment Clause jurisprudence as it applies schools procedures for involuntary indefinite civil commitment of dangerous persons scope of Congressional enforcement power under § 5 of the 14th Amendment constitutionality of state law forbidding assisted suicide right to die and assisted suicide line item veto, legal standing; redirects to Clinton v City of NY background checks before purchasing handguns free speech, obscenity, CDA rule of reason applied to vertical maximum price fixing, overturned Albrecht v Herald Co native rights over tribal lands intent of Congress wrt the Federal Credit Union Act of 1934 pretrial procedures in multi-district litigation applicability of sexual harassment laws to same sex harassment application of first-sale doctrine of U.S. copyright law to reimported goods Almendarez-Torres v US US 224 prior convictions used to enhance a sentence need not be proved to a jury beyond a reasonable doubt Feltner v Columbia Pictures Television, Inc US 340 7th Amendment right to jury trial in a copyright infringement case Breard v Greene US 371 Miller v Albright US 420 Stewart v Martinez-Villareal US 637 Kiowa Tribe of Okla v Manufacturing Technologies, Inc US 751 County of Sacramento v Lewis US 833 Federal Election Commission v Akins US 11 US v Bajakajian US 321 Swidler & Berlin v US US 399 Clinton v City of NY US 417 Eastern Enterprises v Apfel criminal defendant could not raise a defense under the Vienna Convention on Consular Relations on federal habeas corpus review citizenship of a child born outside the US to a citizen father and an alien mother proper timing of a claim under Ford v Wainwright, regarding competency to be executed, in federal habeas proceedings an Indian tribe is entitled to sovereign immunity to contract lawsuits, whether made on or off the reservation liability of police under 42 U.S.C. § 1983 for causing death during high-speed chases standing conferred by statute excessive fines death of an attorney's client does not terminate the attorney-client privilege constitutionality of the Line Item Veto Substantive Due Process, Economic Liberties US 498 National Endowment for the Arts v Finley US 569 Bragdon v Abbott US 624 Marquez v Screen Actors Guild Inc US 33 Pfaff v Wells Electronics, Inc US 55 Knowles v Iowa US 113 Dept of Commerce et al v US House of Representatives et al US 316 (1999) Holloway v US US 1 Federal Republic of Germany v US US 111 Kumho Tire Co v Carmichael US 137 Minnesota v Mille Lacs Band of Chippewa Indians US 172 Jones v US US 227 Wyoming v Houghton US 295 Immigration and Naturalization Service v Aguirre-Aguirre US 415 Saenz v Roe US 489 Hunt v Cromartie US 541 Chicago v Morales US 41 Olmstead v LC US 581 Florida Prepaid Postsecondary Education Expense Bd v College Savings Bank US 627 College Savings Bank v Florida Prepaid Postsecondary Education Expense Bd US 666 Alden v Maine US 706 Kimel v Florida Bd of Regents US 62 (2000) Illinois v Wardlow US 119 Reno v Condon US 141 Friends of the Earth, Inc. v Laidlaw Environmental Services, Inc US 167 Nixon v Shrink Missouri Government PAC US 377 Rice v Cayetano US 495 FDA v Brown & Williamson Tobacco Corp US 120 Bd of Regents of the University of Wisconsin System v Southworth US 217 Christensen v Harris County US 576 US v Morrison US 598 1st amendment, government funding application of the Americans with Disabilities Act to an asymptomatic HIV patient union shop contracts on-sale bar of US patent law search subsequent to a traffic citation without consent Census figures adjusted for undercount based on sampling may not be used for Congressional federal carjacking statute applies to carjacking crimes committed by defendants with the "conditional intent" of harming drivers who resist the highjacker. application of the Vienna Convention on Consular Relations to death penalty cases non-scientists as expert witnesses in federal trials usufructuary rights of Native Americans on certain lands subsections of federal carjacking statute define separate crimes subject to 6th Amendment jury trial requirement warrantless search of a passenger's container capable of holding the object of a search for which there is probable cause is not justified under the automobile exception to the 4th Amendment application of Chevron deference standard to Board of Immigration Appeals actions welfare benefits to new state citizens and the right to travel gerrymandering loitering as gang activity undue institutionalization of mental patients violates Americans With Disabilities Act sovereign immunity of the States Congress's enforcement powers under the 14th Amendment do not extend to the abrogation of state sovereign immunity under the 11th Amendment where the discrimination is rationally based on age reasonable suspicion for a Terry stop upholding the Driver's Privacy Protection Act of 1994 against a 10th Amendment challenge standing, mootness, "voluntary cessation" campaign contributions to state political parties race-based voting restrictions for state government offices administrative agency power over an area heavily regulated by Congress compulsory student fees to support political campus groups; 1st Amendment county's policy of requiring that employees schedule time off so that they do not accrue time off was not prohibited by the Fair Labor Standards Act limits of Congress's power under the commerce clause US v Playboy Entertainment Group US 803 US v Hubbell US 27 Troxel v Granville US 57 Santa Fe Ind School Dist v Doe US 290 Crosby v National Foreign Trade Council US 363 Dickerson v US US 428 Apprendi v NJ US 466 California Dem Party v Jones US 567 Boy Scouts of America v Dale US 640 Stenberg v Carhart US 914 City of Indianapolis v Edmond US 32 Eastern Associated Coal Corp v Mine Workers US 57 Bush v Gore US 98 Brentwood Academy v Tennessee Secondary School Athletic Ass’n US 288 (2001) Bd of Trustees of the University of Alabama v Garrett US 356 Whitman v American Trucking Associations, Inc US 457 Semtek International Inc v Lockheed Martin Corp US 497 TrafFix Devices, Inc v Marketing Displays, Inc US 23 Ferguson v City of Charleston US 67 Egelhoff v Egelhoff US 141 Texas v Cobb US 162 Easley v Cromartie US 234 Alexander v Sandoval US 275 Atwater v City of Lago Vista US 318 C & L Enterprises, Inc v Citizen Band Potawatomi Tribe of Okla US 411 Cooper Industries v Leatherman Tool Group, Inc US 424 Rogers v Tennessee US 451 US v Oakland Cannabis Buyers' Cooperative US 483 Bartnicki v Vopper US 514 PGA Tour, Inc v Martin US 661 Kyllo v US US 27 Good News Club v Milford Central School US 98 Saucier v Katz US 194 US v Mead Corp US 218 scrambling of adult material on cable channels; 1st Amendment criminal charges based on subpoenaed documents fundamental rights of parents to raise their children, third-party visitation rights prayer in public schools federal preemption of state foreign trade regulation legislative abrogation of Miranda right Juries must decide all elements of a crime beyond reasonable doubt freedom of association and political primary elections right of free association, homosexuality "late term" or "partial birth" abortions use of dogs at random traffic stops public policy considerations do not require courts to refuse to enforce an award ordering an employer to reinstate an employee truck driver who twice tested positive for marijuana vote recounts in presidential election, the only court decision to determine the winner of a presidential election expansion of state action to include "public entwinement" 11th Amendment sovereign immunity and Equal Protection in a disability case determining the scope of the EPA's power to set air quality standards res judicata effect of federal judgments in state court trademark protection for patented designs private hospitals that test pregnant women for drugs without their consent and then turn the results over to the police violate the 4th Amendment preemption of state law by ERISA 6th Amendment right to counsel is "offense specific," it does not necessarily extend to offenses that are "factually related" to those that have actually been charged racial discrimination, gerrymandering no private right of action for disparate impact under Title VI of Civil Rights Act of 1964 Tribal sovereign immunity, waiver by contract to arbitration The correct standard of review to use on appeals for excessive punitive damages due process, "year and a day rule" in murder cases necessity defense under the Controlled Substances Act for medical use of marijuana 1st Amendment and the Electronic Communications Privacy Act the Americans with Disabilities Act allows reasonable accommodations of handicaps in professional golf defining 'search' under the 4th Amendment with respect to heat sensors free speech, establishment clause qualified immunity of a police officer to a civil rights case brought through a Bivens action Court declines to extend Chevron doctrine to US Customs Service decisions Immigration and Naturalization Service v St Cyr US 289 NY Times Co v Tasini US 483 Palazzolo v RI US 606 Correctional Services Corp v Malesko US 61 Chickasaw Nation v. US US 84 US v Knights US 112 Toyota Motor Manufacturing, Kentucky, Inc v Williams US 184 (2002) Kansas v Crane US 407 Owasso Ind School Dist v Falvo US 426 (2001) Ashcroft v Free Speech Coalition US 234 (2002) Tahoe-Sierra Preservation Council, Inc v Tahoe Regional Planning Agency US 302 City of Los Angeles v Alameda Books US 425 Festo Corp v Shoketsu Kinzoku Kogyo Kabushiki Co US 722 The Antiterrorism and Effective Death Penalty Act and the Illegal Immigration Reform and Immigrant Responsibility Act, and their effect on habeas corpus petitions copyright in databases substantive due process, takings clause civil rights lawsuits against privately run prisons Indian tribes are liable for Federal taxes on gambling revenue warrantless searches of probationers meaning of the phrase "substantially impairs" under the Americans with Disabilities Act of 1990 as-applied challenge to Kansas' involuntary indefinite civil commitment of dangerous persons, different result from Kansas v Hendricks peer grading does not violate the Family Educational Rights and Privacy Act 1st Amendment protection for simulated child pornography substantive due process, takings clause zoning of adult bookstores prosecution history estoppel McKune v Lile US 24 mandatory treatment for imprisoned sex offenders does not violate the Amendment privilege against self-incrimination Watchtower Society v Village of Stratton US 150 door-to-door religious advocacy and the 1st Amendment Gonzaga University v Doe US 273 Atkins v Virginia US 304 Rush Prudential HMO, Inc v Moran US 355 Utah v Evans US 452 Harris v US US 545 Ring v Arizona US 584 Zelman v Simmons-Harris US 639 Hope v Pelzer US 730 Rep Party of Minnesota v White US 765 Bd of Ed of Ind School Dist No 92 of Pottawatomie County v Earls US 822 Sattazahn v Pennsylvania US 101 (2003) Barnhart v Peabody Coal Co US 149 Eldred v Ashcroft US 186 Scheidler v National Organization for Women US 393 Moseley v V Secret Catalogue, Inc US 418 US v White Mountain Apache Tribe US 465 Family Educational Rights and Privacy Act does not create a right which is enforceable under 42 U.S.C. § 1983 imposing the death penalty on the mentally retarded; overruling Penry v Lynaugh no preemption of Illinois insurance statute under ERISA use of statistical sampling in the decennial census 6th Amendment does not require a jury determination of facts necessary to support the minimum punishment for using or carrying a firearm during or in relation to a drug crime or a crime of violence under 18 U.S.C. § 924 6th Amendment requires that aggravating factors necessary for eligibility for a death sentence must be found by a jury beyond a reasonable doubt; overruling Arizona in part constitutionality of school voucher program use of the hitching post in prisons is prohibited by the 8th Amendment election of state judges, freedom of speech constitutionality of drug testing of high school students who participate in competitive interscholastic activities the Double Jeopardy Clause does not forbid seeking the death penalty after an acquittal on firstdegree murder charges Social Security benefit assignment for coal industry workers extending the duration of the term of copyright under US law applying RICO to activities of abortion clinic protesters claims of trademark dilution require proof of actual dilution the Federal government has a duty to maintain land held in trust for an Indian tribe US v Navajo Nation US 488 Connecticut Dept of Public Safety v Doe US 1 Ewing v California US 11 Lockyer v Andrade US 63 Smith v Doe US 84 Virginia v Black US 343 State Farm v Campbell US 408 Nevada Dept of Human Resources v Hibbs US 721 Dastar Corp v 20th Century Fox Film Corp US 23 Sell v US US 166 US v American Library Association US 194 Gratz v Bollinger US 244 Grutter v Bollinger US 306 American Insurance Ass’n v Garamendi US 396 Wiggins v Smith US 510 Lawrence v Texas US 558 McConnell v FEC US 93 Verizon Comm v Law Offices of Curtis V Trinko, LLP US 398 (2004) Illinois v Lidster US 419 Fellers v US US 519 Doe v Chao US 614 Locke v Davey US 712 Crawford v Washington US 36 National Archives and Records Administration v Favish US 157 US v Flores-Montano US 149 Vieth v Jubelirer US 267 Tennessee v Lane US 509 Nelson v Campbell US 637 Republic of Austria v Altmann US 677 Central Laborers' Pension Fund v Heinz US 739 Dept of Trans v Public Citizen US 752 Elk Grove Unified School Dist v Newdow US 1 US v Dominguez Benitez US 74 Hiibel v 6th Judicial District Court of Nevada US 177 Aetna Health Inc v Davila US 200 Intel Corp v Advanced Micro Devices, Inc US 241 Blakely v Washington US 296 Schriro v Summerlin US 348 compensation for modification a lease of mining rights to land on an Indian reservation holding that Connecticut's sex offender registration statute did not violate due process clause California's Three strikes law is not cruel and unusual punishment retroactive application of sex offender registration program is not an ex post facto law constitutionality of laws forbidding cross burning for purposes of intimidation due process limits on punitive damages Family and Medical Leave Act of 1993 validly abrogated state sovereign immunity "reverse passing off" and rights to public domain works Forced psychiatric medication by lower federal courts is permissible under some circumstances Congressional requirement that libraries install web-filtering software held not to violate 1st Amendment racial discrimination, affirmative action, equal protection California state insurance statute struck down for interfering with Presidential foreign policy ineffective assistance of counsel at sentencing finding laws restricting sodomy between consenting adults unconstitutional; overruling Bowers 1st Amendment; political speech the Sherman Antitrust Act and requirements of telecommunications companies under the Telecommunications accident investigation checkpoints do not violate the 4th Amendment once judicial proceedings have been initiated against a defendant, police officers cannot elicit information from the defendant without the defendant's counsel present governmental violation of privacy rights a religion clauses case upholding a Washington state scholarship program which excluded funding devotional studies. prior testimony exception to hearsay in criminal trials, 6th Amendment right to confront witnesses; abrogating Ohio v Roberts availability of death-scene images under the Freedom of Information Act over the objection of family members; investigation into the suicide of Vince Foster reasonableness of removing a gas tank from a vehicle crossing the border under the 4th Amendment justiciability of suit to enjoin gerrymandering Congress's power under the 14th amendment, section 5; Americans With Disabilities Act challenging lethal injection protocols under 42 U.S.C. § 1983 retroactive application of the Foreign Sovereign Immunities Act an ambiguity in the Employee Retirement Income Security Act Presidential foreign affairs and foreign trade actions validity of “under God” in Pledge of Allegiance; standing to bring suit on another’s behalf appellate review standard for violations of Rule 11 of the Procedure governing the taking of guilty pleas constitutionality of state law requiring citizens to identify themselves to police ERISA's effect on federal jurisdiction of cases involving utilization review foreign tribunals jury must find all elements of a criminal sentence beyond a reasonable doubt retroactively applying the rule set in Ring v Arizona that a jury must find the aggravating factors in a capital murder case Rumsfeld v Padilla US 426 Rasul v Bush US 466 Hamdi v Rumsfeld US 507 Missouri v Seibert US 600 Leocal v Ashcroft US 1 Koons Buick, Inc v Nigh US 50 KP Permanent Make-Up, Inc v Lasting Impression I, Inc US 111 US v Booker US 220 (2005) Clark v Martinez US 371 Illinois v Caballes US 405 Commissioner v Banks US 426 Johnson v California US 499 Roper v Simmons US 551 Cherokee Nation of Okla v Leavitt US 631 Tenet v Doe US 1 Shepard v US US 13 City of Sherrill v Oneida Indian Nation of NY US 197 Exxon Mobil Corp v Saudi Basic Industries Corp US 280 Dura Pharmaceuticals, Inc v Broudo US 336 Small v US US 385 Granholm v Heald US 460 Deck v Missouri US 622 Arthur Andersen LLP v US US 696 Cutter v Wilkinson US 709 Tory v Cochran US 734 Gonzales v Raich US 1 Spector v Norwegian Cruise Line Ltd US 119 Merck KGaA v Integra Lifesciences I, Ltd US 193 Wilkinson v Austin US 209 Miller-El v Dretke US 231 Kelo v City of New London US 469 Van Orden v Perry US 677 Town of Castle Rock v Gonzales US 748 McCreary County v ACLU of Kentucky US 844 MGM Studios, Inc v Grokster, Ltd US 913 National Cable and Telecomm Assn v Brand X Internet Services US 967 Gonzales v Oregon US 243 (2006) Ayotte v Planned Parenthood of Northern New England US 320 detention of American citizens jurisdiction over foreign nationals detained in Guantanamo Bay detention of American citizens Missouri's practice of interrogating suspects without reading them a Miranda warning, then reading them the warning and asking them to repeat their confession is unconstitutional DUI is not a "crime of violence" requiring deportation of an alien Truth in Lending Act imposes a $1000 limit on statutory damages for violations of the Act involving personal-property loans. fair use defense to a trademark infringement action does not require proof that there is no likelihood of confusing the marks applying Blakely v Washington to the Federal Sentencing Guidelines detention of aliens awaiting deportation 4th Amendment search and seizure Whether or not the portion of a money judgment or settlement paid to a taxpayer's attorney under a contingent-fee agreement is income to the taxpayer for federal income tax purposes. proper standard for reviewing constitutional race-discrimination claim in sorting prison inmates imposing the death penalty on juvenile murderers; overruling Stanford v Kentucky a Federal contract with an Indian tribe is binding, even if Congress did not appropriate funds enforceability of contracts between the government and spies (undercover CIA agents) proving prior convictions obtained through guilty pleas under Taylor v US the repurchase of tribal land by an Indian tribe does not restore tribal sovereignty to the land state court decisions and the application of the Rooker-Feldman doctrine standard for pleading loss causation in a securities fraud claim resolution of split appeals court decisions on inclusion of foreign courts in the term "any court" interstate shipment of wine under the Dormant Commerce Clause shackling a defendant during the penalty phase of a capital murder trial legality of document destruction in the face of likely government investigation religious freedom for prison inmates defamation, enjoinment of speech; continuity of injunction after death legitimacy of using marijuana as a medicine, and power of the federal government to regulate intrastate activities applicability of the Americans with Disabilities Act to foreign-held companies applicability of patents in preclinical studies due process requirements for placing prisoners in Supermax prisons clarification of Batson v. Kentucky standard for peremptory challenges eminent domain; takings of private property for private development legality of a 10 Commandment display liability of police departments under 42 U.S.C. § 1983 for failing to respond to domestic violence calls constitutionality of a 10 Commandments display; potential reformulation of the Lemon test Copyright infringement in P2P file-sharing; re-examination of Sony Corp v Universal City Studios allowing small internet service providers to lease bandwidth from privately-owned coaxial cable lines Roberts Court (September 29, 2005 to the present) Attorney General did not permissibly construe Controlled Substances Act to prohibit the distribution of drugs for physician-assisted suicide Invalidating statute and lower courts rendering narrower declaratory and injunctive relief Rice v Collins US 333 Central Virginia Community College v Katz US 356 Gonzales v O Centro Espirita Beneficente Uniao do Vegetal US 418 Buckeye Check Cashing, Inc v Cardegna US 440 Domino's Pizza, Inc v McDonald US 470 Dolan v US Postal Service US 481 Arbaugh v Y & H Corporation US 500 Oregon v Guzek US 517 Texaco, Inc v Dagher US 1 Scheidler v National Organization for Women US 9 Illinois Tool Works, Inc v Independent Ink, Inc US 28 Rumsfeld v Forum for Academic and Institutional Rights US 47 US v Grubbs US 90 Georgia v Randolph US 103 Day v McDonough US 198 Northern Ins. Co of NY v Chatham County US 268 Jones v Flowers US 220 Hartman v Moore US 250 Ark. Dep't of Human Servs v Ahlborn US 268 Marshall v Marshall US 293 Holmes v SC US 319 DaimlerChrysler Corp v Cuno US 332 Sereboff v Mid Atlantic Medical Services, Inc US 356 eBay Inc. v MercExchange, LLC US 388 SD. Warren Co v Maine Bd of Env Protection US 370 Brigham City v Stuart US 398 Garcetti v Ceballos US 410 Anza v Ideal Steel Supply Corp US 451 Zedner v US US 489 House v Bell US 518 Hill v McDonough US 573 Hudson v Michigan US 586 Habeas corpus relief may not be granted on the basis of debatable inferences used to overturn the trial court's finding vis-á-vis peremptory challenges state sovereign immunity under the 11th Amendment and the Bankruptcy Clause Federal government could not bar religious use of hallucinogenic tea Arbitrator must decide legality of contract unless arbitration clause is itself being challenged agent of a party to a contract cannot state a claim under 42 U.S.C. § 1981 because he himself does not have rights to make or enforce under the contract scope of immunity of the US Postal Service under the Federal Tort Claims Act "Employee-numerosity" requirement of Title VII of the Civil Rights Act of 1964 is substantive, rather than jurisdictional in nature States may constitutionally limit the evidence of innocence a defendant convicted of a capital offense may present at his sentencing hearing to the evidence already presented at his trial. joint venture was not a price-fixing scheme under antitrust law physical violence unrelated to robbery or extortion falls outside the scope of the Hobbs Act patented products involved in product tying arrangements are not presumed to have market power under antitrust law law schools receiving federal funds may not ban military recruiters anticipatory search warrant did not violate the particularity clause of the 4th Amendment police cannot conduct a warrantless search in a home where one occupant consents and the other objects A State's unintentional failure to object to the filing of a habeas corpus petition after the statute has expired does not prevent a district court from dismissing the petition on its own initiative sovereign immunity does not apply to admiralty suit against county sufficiency of notice for tax sale A plaintiff in a retaliatory-prosecution action against federal officials must plead and show the absence of probable cause for pressing the underlying criminal charges. state liens on personal injury settlements federal bankruptcy court binding state court on inheritance question limitations on exclusion of evidence in murder case, 6th Amendment taxpayer standing in a Dormant Commerce Clause case fiduciary's recovery of personal injury settlement under ERISA nature of patent injunctions - revisiting Continental Paper Bag Co. v Eastern Paper Bag Co. interpreting scope of activities covered by the Clean Water Act reasonableness of officers' warrantless entry into a home to stop a fight under the "emergency aid exception" extent of public employees' 1st Amendment right to free speech in the workplace activities subject to RICO a criminal defendant may not prospectively waive his rights under the Speedy Trial Act Post-conviction DNA forensic evidence can be considered in death penalty appeals a challenge to lethal injection as violating the 8th Amendment properly raised a claim under 42 U.S.C. § 1983, and is not barred by previous habeas corpus petition evidence obtained with a search warrant is admissible even when police violate 'knock-andannounce' rule Rapanos v US US 715 Davis v Washington US 813 Samson v California US 843 Dixon v US US 1 Burlington Northern & Santa Fe Railway Co v White US 53 Woodford v Ngo US 81 US v Gonzalez-Lopez US 140 Kansas v Marsh US 163 Randall v Sorrell US 230 Arlington Central School Dist. Bd. of Ed. v Murphy US 291 Sanchez-Llamas v Oregon US 331 League of United Latin American Citizens v Perry US 399 Hamdan v Rumsfeld US 557 Clark v Arizona US 735 Lopez v Gonzales US 47 Carey v Musladin US 70 BP America Production Co v Burton US 84 (2007) Medimmune, Inc v Genentech, Inc US 118 Cunningham v California US 270 Philip Morris USA v WilliamsUS 346 Marrama v Citizens Bank of Massachusetts US 365 Sinochem International Co, Ltd. v Malaysia International Shipping Corporation US 422 Massachusetts v EPA US 497 Gonzales v Carhart US 124 James v US US 192 Microsoft v AT&T US 437 Scott v Harris US 372 KSR v Teleflex US 398 Ledbetter v Goodyear Tire & Rubber Co US 618 Davenport v Washington Education Association US 117 Permanent Mission of India v City of NY US 193 Bowles v Russell US 205 whether wetlands are part of the "navigable waters of the US” and thus regulated by the Clean Water Act whether a 911 call is "testimonial" under Crawford v Washington evidence obtained in a suspicionless search of parolees is admissible, and not prohibited under the 4th Amendment burden of proof for duress as a defense to Federal firearms law violations a job reassignment which is dirtier and more strenuous may constitute retaliatory discrimination under the Civil Rights Act of 1964, as may a month of suspension without pay even when the employee receives back pay the Prison Litigation Reform Act requires proper remedies before an inmate can file a lawsuit trial court's erroneous deprivation of a criminal defendant's choice of counsel entitles him to reversal of his conviction statute allowing the death penalty in cases where the aggravating and mitigating evidence are equal does not violate the 8th Amendment campaign finance laws which limit expenditures violate the 1st Amendment, and the anticorruption benefits of contribution limits must be weighed against their 1 st Amendment costs The Individuals with Disabilities Education Act does not authorize the award of experts' fees to prevailing plaintiffs informing a suspect of his rights under the Vienna Convention on Consular Relations Texas's 2003 redistricting of District 23 constituted a violation of Latinos' rights under the Voting of 1965, however mid-decade redistricting is constitutional as long as it is not solely motivated by partisan gain Guantanamo Bay detainees may not be tried by a military commission under the Detainee Treatment Act of 2005, and said military commission violates the Uniform Code of Military Justice and the Geneva Conventions, both of which apply to the detainees, in that accused and their counsels may be excluded from their trial and knowing what evidence has been put against them constitutionality of Arizona's insanity defense statute misdemeanor drug crimes as aggravated felonies spectator publicity and the right to a fair trial; "clearly established" law under the AEDPA Statute of limitations on contract actions by the Federal Government under 28 U.S.C. § 2415 is not applicable to administrative proceedings enforceability of patents before infringement applicability of Blakely v. Washington to California's determinate sentencing law constitutional limitations on punitive damages bad-faith exception to the right to convert Chapter 7 bankruptcy case to a Chapter 13 case District Court may respond immediately to defendant's forum non conveniens motion before resolving jurisdictional or other threshold concerns power to regulate carbon dioxide emissions Partial-Birth Abortion Ban Act attempted burglary as a predicate crime under the Armed Career Criminal Act copying software in a foreign country cannot violate US patent law 4th Amendment seizure in a high speed chase, qualified immunity Patent law, nonobviousness statute of limitations on employment discrimination claims A state may require that its public-sector unions receive authorization from nonmembers before spending their agency fees for election-related purposes whether a municipality can sue other countries to collect unpaid taxes Federal Courts of Appeals lack jurisdiction to hear habeas appeals that are filed late, even if the district court said the petitioner had additional time to file Brendlin v California US 249 Credit Suisse v Billing US 264 Rita v US US 338 Tellabs, Inc. v Makor Issues & Rights, Ltd US 308 Hein v Freedom From Religion Foundation US 587 Morse v Frederick US 393 Federal Election Commission v Wisconsin Right to Life, Inc US 449 Parents Involved in Community Schools v Seattle School District No. 1 Meredith v Jefferson County Board of Education (companion case) U.S. 701 Panetti v Quarterman US 930 Leegin Creative Leather Products, Inc v PSKS, Inc US 877 CBOCS West v Humphries US 442 (2008) Watson v US US 74 (2007) Kimbrough v US US 85 Gall v US US 38 Stoneridge Investment Partners v Scientific-Atlanta US 147 (2008) Ali v Federal Bureau of Prisons US 214 Riegel v Medtronic, Inc US 312 Preston v Ferrer US 346 Snyder v Louisiana US 472 Medellín v Texas US 491 NJ v Delaware US 597 MeadWestvaco Corp v Illinois Dept. of Revenue US 16 Baze v Rees US 35 Virginia v Moore US 164 Crawford v Marion County Election Board US 181 Department of Revenue of Kentucky v Davis US 328 US v Williams US 285 Gomez-Perez v Potter US 474 whether a passenger in an automobile is "detained" so that he may assert a 4th Amendment violation stemming from the traffic stop itself Whether Congress's creation of the SEC implicitly exempted regulated industries from antitrust lawsuits "reasonableness" of a federal prison sentence under US v Booker; continuing application of the Federal Sentencing Guidelines The proper standard for determining whether a plaintiff has alleged a "strong inference" of scienter under the PSLRA taxpayer standing to pursue an Establishment Clause claim against President Bush's faith-based initiative free speech rights of high school students ("Bong Hits 4 Jesus") Bipartisan Campaign Reform Act's restriction on issue ads in election campaigns affirmative action; using race as a tie-breaker in assigning students to public schools executing the mentally ill applying rule of reason under Section 1 of the Sherman Act race retaliation claims under 42 U.S.C. § 1981 whether trading drugs for a gun constitutes use of a firearm under 18 U.S.C. § 924 and Bailey whether the 100:1 ratio between powder and crack cocaine imposed by the US Sentencing Commission yields "reasonable" sentences "reasonableness" of a federal prison sentence under United States v Booker; continuing application of the Federal Sentencing Guidelines 3rd parties, such as investment banks, accounting firms and suppliers, can be shielded from liability if they engage in business with companies that are involved in securities fraud. Case upholding the US’ sovereign immunity against tort claims brought when "any law enforcement officer" loses a person's property. Medical Device Amendment’s preemption clause bars common-law claims challenging the safety or effectiveness of a medical device marketed in a form that received premarket approval from the FDA. the Federal Arbitration Act preempts state laws declaring that certain disputes must be resolved by a state administrative agency racial discrimination in jury selection; playing the "O.J. card" whether the president may direct state courts to obey an order of the World Court ruling regarding the Vienna Convention on Consular Relations boundary dispute between NJ and Delaware involving the 19-Mile Circle determination of state tax liability for corporation operating in multiple states according to the "unitary business rule" constitutionality of lethal injection protocols under the 8th Amendment whether the 4th Amendment requires suppression of evidence discovered in a search conducted in violation of state law constitutionality of requiring voters to show ID before voting Kentucky statute providing a preferential tax break to Kentucky residents who invest in bonds issued by the state and its municipalities does not discriminate against interstate commerce constitutionality of the PROTECT Act, a 2003 law intended to bolster federal restriction against child pornography, in the wake of Ashcroft v. Free Speech Coalition Federal employees who face retaliation after filing an age discrimination claim are authorized to sue under the federal-sector provision of the Age Discrimination in Employment Act of 1967. Quanta v LG Electronics US 617 Boumediene v Bush US 723 Munaf v Geren US 674 Indiana v. Edwards U.S. 164 Greenlaw v US US 237 Rothgery v Gillespie County US 191 Exxon Shipping Co v Baker US 471 Kennedy v Louisiana US 407 Giles v California US 353 DC v Heller US 570 Davis v Federal Election Commission US 724 Winter v Natural Resources Defense Council US 7 Altria Group, Inc v Good US 70 Herring v US US 135 (2009) Oregon v Ice US 160 patent exhaustion and its applicability to certain types of method patents whether the Military Detainee Treatment Act of 2006 unconstitutionally suspends the writ of habeas habeas corpus statute extends to American citizens held overseas by American forces operating subject to an American chain of command may a criminal defendant be competent to stand trial yet simultaneously not competent to represent at that trial? may a federal appeals court sua sponte increase a defendant's sentence on appeal, without a formal appeal by the government? does a criminal defendant have a right to counsel at an ex parte arraignment? legality of punitive damages award under federal maritime law for the Exxon Valdez oil spill does the 8th Amendment forbid the death penalty for rape of a child? the forfeiture by wrongdoing exception to out of court statements by a witness only applies where the defendant caused the witness's absence in order to eliminate their testimony at trial does the 2nd Amendment allow a state or local government to outlaw the private possession of handguns? "Millionaire's amendment" to the Bipartisan Campaign Reform Act of 2002 violates the 1st Amendment military preparedness outweighs environmental concerns, as Navy needs to train its crews to detect modern, silent submarines federal law does not preempt the states' prerogative to regulate the advertisement of tar and nicotine rates in cigarettes evidence obtained during a search the police conducted as a result of an isolated act of negligence not related to the search is not subject to the exclusionary rule the facts necessary for imposing consecutive prison terms need not be submitted to a jury in accordance with Apprendi v NJ Decided, but not yet reported The cases listed in this section may be up to a year and a half old; however, they are not yet included in the U.S. Reports. They are listed in order of the date on which they were decided, and a link is included to the Supreme Court's opinion. Case name/ Decided Summary Waddington v Sarausad on federal habeas review, courts must accept state court determinations that jury instructions fully 1/21/09 and correctly set out state law with regard to accomplice liability Saucier v Katz is overruled; courts need not determine whether a civil-rights plaintiff's Pearson v Callahan constitutional rights were violated if they determine that the right was not clearly established at 1/21/09 the time of the injury Crawford v Nashville employees who cooperate with an internal investigation of alleged sexual harassment are 1/26/09 protected against retaliation under Title VII of the 1964 Civil Rights Act. Van de Kamp v Goldstein prosecutors are immune from suit under 42 U.S.C. § 1983 for improperly supervising the 1/26/09 disclosures made by line prosecutors pursuant to Brady v Maryland under 18 U.S.C. § 922(g)(9) people who have been convicted of misdemeanor domestic violence US v Hayes crimes may not possess firearms as long as the government proves that the underlying offense 2/24/09 involved a domestic relationship Pleasant Grove City v Summum a municipality that allows a privately donated 10 Commandments monument to be displayed 2/25/09 on public property need not permit the religion of Summum to put up its own statue of similar size under Chevron v Natural Resources Defense Council, the Board of Immigration Appeals must Negusie v Mukasey decide in the first instance whether the so-called "persecutor bar" applicable to asylum applicants 3/3/09 applies to those who were forced to persecute others in their home country Wyeth v Levine federal drug labeling requirements do not preempt state drug labeling requirements enacted to 3/4/09 ensure that the public knew certain drugs are safe Fitzgerald v Barnstable School Earlier decision overruled. Parents have the right to sue a school committee based on sexual Committee 3/4/09 harassment 14 Penn Plaza LLC v Pyett an employer and a union can agree that employees must resolve discrimination claims in 4/1/09 arbitration instead of court Arizona v Gant police power to search an arrested person's vehicle is limited to safety concerns and evidence 4/21/09 related to the actual arrest AT&T Corp v Hulteen Held that maternity leave taken before the passage of the 1978 Pregnancy Discrimination Act is 5/18/09 FCC v Fox Television Stations 4/28/09 Dean v US 4/29/09 Caperton v AT Massey Coal Co. 6/8/09 US ex rel Eisenstein v City of NY 6/8/09 Allison Engine Co v US ex rel Sanders 6/9/08 District Attorney's Office v Osborne 6/18/09 Safford Unified School Dist v Redding 6/25/09 Ricci v DeStefano 6/29/09 Melendez-Diaz v Massachusetts 6/25/09 Entergy v Riverkeeper 4/1/09 Ashcroft v Iqbal 5/18/09 Cone v Bell 4/28/09 Harbison v Bell 4/1/09 Citizens United v FEC 1/21/10 Flores-Figueroa v US 5/4/09 Northwest Austin Municipal Utility Dist #1 v Mukasey 6/22/09 Padilla v Kentucky 3/31/09 Salazar v Buono 4/28/10 Reed Elsevier, Inc v Muchnick 3/2/10 Graham v Florida 5/17/10 Ontario v Quon 6/17/10 McDonald v Chicago 6/28/10 Abbott v US 11/15/2010 Los Angeles County v Humphries 11/30/10 Premo, Superintendent, Oregon State Penitentiary v Moore 01/19/11 Swarthout v Cooke 01/24/11 not retroactive and cannot be considered in calculating employee pension benefits. upheld regulation of the FCC to ban "fleeting expletives" on television broadcasts Upheld sentence for discharging a firearm during a violent crime, Congress intended a defendant to be held strictly liable for such an offense Due process requirements for judges' recusal Where the Government has not intervened or actively participated, private plaintiffs under the False Claims Act must filed an appeal within 30 days of the judgment or order being appealed, according to the Federal Rules of Appellate Procedure Plaintiffs under the False Claims Act must demonstrate that the defendants intended to deceive the government, not simply that government money was used to pay the claim. Found no due process, post conviction right to access to the state's evidence for DNA testing. strip search of a middle schooler violated the 4th Amendment where the school lacked reasons to suspect either that the drugs presented a danger or that they were concealed in her underwear White firefighters in New Haven suffered unfair discrimination because of their race when the city scrapped the results of a promotional exam. are forensic laboratory reports admissible under the Confrontation Clause as interpreted in Crawford? may the EPA require power companies to engage in a cost-benefit analysis when selecting the "best technology available for minimizing adverse environmental impact" at cooling water intake structures? whether top government officials can be held personally liable for allegedly knowing or condoning of racial and religious mistreatment of suspected terrorists whether a death row inmate has forfeited the opportunity to argue that prosecutors withheld evidence important to his defense whether the federal government must provide lawyers to death row inmates seeking clemency in state proceedings whether federal campaign finance laws apply to a critical film about Senator Hillary Clinton intended to be shown in theaters and on-demand to cable subscribers whether the law enhancing the sentence for identity theft requires proof that an individual knew that the identity card or number he had used belonged to another, actual person whether Section 5 of the Voting Rights Act of 1965, which gives the US government authority to oversee state electoral-law changes, is no longer needed and is unconstitutional must a criminal defendant's lawyer advise him of the immigration-related consequences of a criminal conviction? 1st Amendment restrictions on displaying a cross on public property settlement of copyright infringement claims relating to an electronic database whether Roper v Simmons should also apply to sentences of life without the possibility of parole Privacy rights of public employees over text messages on employer-issued pagers. whether the 2nd Amendment should also apply against state and local governments Mandatory minimum sentences under federal sentencing law § 1983 actions are limited to those caused by a municipality's "policy or custom" regardless of whether the plaintiff seeks monetary or prospective relief Habeas relief may not be granted with respect to any claim a state-court has found on the merits unless the state-court decision denying relief involves an "unreasonable application" of "clearly established federal law, as determined by" the Court. State prisoners have no Constitutional right to parole