OIE Reference Laboratory Reports
Activities in 2012
Name of disease (or topic) for which you
are a designated OIE Reference
Laboratory:
Bovine Tuberculosis
Address of laboratory
AHVLA, New Haw, Addlestone, Surrey, UK KT15 3NB
Tel.:
01932 341111
Fax:
01932 357260
e-mail address:
Glyn.Hewinson@ahvla.gsi.gov.uk
website:
www.defra.gsi.gov.uk/ahvla
Name (including Title) of Head of
Laboratory (Responsible Official):
Chris Hadkiss
Name (including Title and Position) of OIE
Reference Expert:
Prof Glyn Hewinson, Chief Scientist
Date of submission to the OIE
25/01/13
Instructions
This form should be used by an OIE Reference Laboratory to report activities that took place from January
through December of the past year (2012), unless otherwise stated, and must be submitted by the end of
January every year.
Only those activities that concern the disease (or topic) for which the laboratory is recognised by the OIE
should be mentioned. The questionnaire structure follows the Terms of Reference (ToRs) for OIE Reference
Laboratories, available at:
http://www.oie.int/en/our-scientific-expertise/reference-laboratories/introduction/
Each ToR (blue italicised text) has been placed as a heading covering the group of questions related to it.
Please note the red italicised text is given as guidance and should be deleted from your report and substitute
with your data. Examples are based on past Annual Reports or have been invented.
The questionnaire represents a means of gathering information on activities carried out by OIE Reference
Laboratories and making it available to OIE Member Countries and to the OIE Reference Laboratory network.
This annual report will remain available for consultation on the OIE web site:
(http://www.oie.int/en/our-scientific-expertise/reference-laboratories/annual-reports/):
Annual reports of OIE Reference Centres, 2012
1
OIE RL for « Bovine Tuberculosis » – « Prof Glyn Hewinson » – « United Kingdom »
ToR: To use, promote and disseminate diagnostic methods validated according to OIE
Standards
Test recommended by the OIE
Total number of test performed last year
Indirect diagnostic tests
Nationally
Internationally
Lateral flow serology test - camelid
361
5
Lateral flow serology test - badger
511
0
Gamma interferon micro (2Ag) assay (cattle)
45,313
0
Gamma interferon extended micro (3Ag) assay
(cattle)
238
0
Direct diagnostic tests
Nationally
Internationally
Culture (bovine)
13477
0
Culture (non bovine)
808
0
HAIN & Multiplex PCRs
15
0
DNA testing of cattle to confirm identity tallies
with ear tag
224
0
Spoligotyping
3984
0
VNTR
3984
0
ToR: To develop reference material in accordance with OIE requirements, and implement
and promote the application of OIE Standards.
To store and distribute to national laboratories biological reference products and any
other reagents used in the diagnosis and control of the designated pathogens or
disease.
2.
Did your laboratory produce or store imported standard reference reagents officially recognised by
the OIE or other international bodies?
Yes
3.
Did your laboratory supply standard reference reagents to OIE Member Countries?
Yes
4.
No
No
Did your laboratory produce diagnostic reagents other than the OIE-approved standard reference
reagents?
Yes
No
DIVA antigens (synthetic peptide and recombinant proteins for skin testing and Gamma-Interferon
assay:
NZ (3 mg)
Spain (75 mg)
Denmark (6 mg)
5.
Did your laboratory produce vaccines?
Yes
2
No
Annual reports of OIE Reference Centres, 2012
OIE RL for « Bovine Tuberculosis » – « Prof Glyn Hewinson » – « United Kingdom »
6.
Did your laboratory supply vaccines to OIE Member Countries?
Yes
No
Vaccine name
Amount supplied nationally (ml,
mg) (including for own use)
Amount supplied to other
countries (ml, mg)
Name of recipient
OIE Member
Countries
Badger BCG
3060 doses
N/A
Great Britain
ToR: To develop, standardise and validate, according to OIE Standards, new procedures for
diagnosis and control of the designated pathogens or diseases
7.
Did your laboratory develop new diagnostic methods validated according to OIE Standards for the
designated pathogen or disease?
Yes
8.
No
Did your laboratory develop new vaccines according to OIE Standards for the designated pathogen
or disease?
Yes
No
Name of the new test or diagnostic
method or vaccine developed
TB DIVA blood test
Description and References (Publication, website, etc.)
A dossier detailing the DIVA blood test was circulated to the OIE
experts on TB, and their comments have been received and
documented
ToR: To provide diagnostic testing facilities, and, where appropriate, scientific and
technical advice on disease control measures to OIE Member Countries
9.
Did your laboratory carry out diagnostic testing for other OIE Member Countries?
Yes
No
Name of OIE
Member Country
seeking assistance
Date
(dd/mm)
No. samples received for
provision of diagnostic support
(i.e. from surveillance campaign)
No. samples received for
provision of confirmatory
diagnoses
Sweden
06/06
0
5 (alpaca sera for TB StatPak testing)
10.
Did your laboratory provide expert advice in technical consultancies on the request of an OIE
Member Country?
Yes
No
Name of the OIE Member Country
receiving a technical consultancy
Purpose
Ireland
Delivery of oral vaccine to badgers
Preparation of vaccine
doses and local training
EURL (Madrid)
Diagnosis of TB in camelids
Training in camelid IFNgamma assay
Annual reports of OIE Reference Laboratories, 2012
How the advice was
provided
3
OIE RL for « Bovine Tuberculosis » – « Prof Glyn Hewinson » – « United Kingdom »
ToR: To carry out and/or coordinate scientific and technical studies in collaboration with
other laboratories, centres or organisations
11.
Did your laboratory participate in international scientific studies in collaboration with OIE Member
Countries other than the own?
Yes
No
OIE Member
Countries
involved other
than your country
Title of the study
Duration
Purpose of the study
Partners (Institutions)
European 2 – a
clonal complex of
Mycobacterium
bovis dominant in
the Iberian
Peninsula.
1 year
To determine the
population structure
of M. bovis in the
Iberian Peninsula
European Union
Reference Laboratory
(EURL)
Spain
The effect of
repeat BCG
vaccination on
the specificity of a
blood based DIVA
test
6 months
To determine if
repeat BCG
vaccination effects
the specificity of a
blood based DIVA
test
European Union
Reference Laboratory
(EURL)
Spain
To assess the
suitability of the IFNgamma test as a
stand-alone test for
gaining, maintaining,
suspending,
withdrawing or
regaining official
BTB-free status
AHVLA (UK),
CVI Lelystad,
UCD,
Ag. Academy, Lublin,
Fed. Res. Inst. For An.
Health,
Madrid TB Ref. Lab,
Fed. Vet. Office,
National TB Ref. Lab. ,
IZSLER,
Vet. Agro. Research
Centre.
EFSA: Scientific
Opinion on the
use of the IFNgamma test for
the diagnosis of
BTB
~ 4 months
Netherlands,
Ireland,
Poland,
Germany,
Spain,
Switzerland,
France,
Italy,
Belgium
Evaluation of oral
vaccine efficacy in
badgers
Ongoing
To evaluate vaccine
efficacy in a low dose
challenge model
UCD
Ireland
Field evaluation
of BCG
vaccination in
cattle
ongoing
See study title
Armauer Hansen
Research Institute and
Addis Ababa University
Ethiopia
Evaluation of
DIVA skin test
reagents in cattle
Ongoing
To evaluate the
performance of DIVA
skin test reagents in
cattle
AgResearch
New Zealand
4
Annual reports of OIE Reference Centres, 2012
OIE RL for « Bovine Tuberculosis » – « Prof Glyn Hewinson » – « United Kingdom »
ToR: To collect, process, analyse, publish and disseminate epizootiological data relevant to
the designated pathogens or diseases
12.
Did your Laboratory collect epizootiological data relevant to international disease control?
Yes
13.
No
Did your laboratory disseminate epizootiological data that had been processed and analysed?
Yes
No
Descriptive bTB epidemiological data for GB that are collated and presented every year in the form of
annual bTB surveillance reports for GB and Wales. Links are given below to the 2010 reports. (The 2011
reports are in preparation.)
http://www.defra.gov.uk/animal-diseases/files/Surveillance-annual-report-2010.pdf
http://www.defra.gov.uk/animal-diseases/files/Surveillance-mid-year-report-Jul-10-Jun-11.pdf
http://new.wales.gov.uk/topics/environmentcountryside/ahw/disease/bovinetuberculosis/researchand
evidence/bovinetbannualsurvreport10/;jsessionid=B8CA2FBDA7E4B3475F9865CD8DBC6310?lang=en
14.
What method of dissemination of information is most often used by your laboratory?
(Indicate in the appropriate box the number by category)
a)
Articles published in peer-reviewed journals: ................. 34
b)
International conferences: .............................................. 4
c)
National conferences: ...................................................... 5
d)
Other: ............................................................................... 1
1. Ameni G, Cockle P, Lyashchenko K, Vordermeier M. T-cell and antibody responses to mycobacterial
antigens in tuberculin skin-test-positive Bos indicus and Bos taurus cattle in Ethiopia. Veterinary Medicine
International 2012; 2012: 457872.
2. Aranday-Cortes E, Hogarth PJ, Kaveh DA, et al. Transcriptional profiling of disease-induced host responses
in bovine tuberculosis and the identification of potential diagnostic biomarkers. PLoS One 2012; 7(2):
e30626.
3. Bhuju S, Aranday-Cortes E, Villarreal-Ramos B, Xing Z, Singh M, Vordermeier HM. Global gene
transcriptome analysis in vaccinated cattle revealed a dominant role of IL-22 for protection against bovine
tuberculosis. PLoS Pathog 2012; 8(12): 3077.
4. Carter SP, Chambers MA, Rushton SP, et al. BCG vaccination reduces risk of tuberculosis infection in
vaccinated badgers and unvaccinated badger cubs. PLoS One 2012; 7(12): e49833.
5. Casal C, Bezos J, Diez-Guerrier A, et al. Evaluation of two cocktails containing ESAT-6, CFP-10 and Rv-3615c
in the intradermal test and the interferon-gamma assay for diagnosis of bovine tuberculosis. Prev Vet Med
2012; 105(1-2): 149-54.
6. Conlan AJK, McKinley TJ, Karolemeas K, et al. Estimating the hidden burden of bovine tuberculosis in Great
Britain. PLoS Comput Biol 2012; 8(10): e1002730.
7. Corner LAL, O'Meara D, Costello E, Lesellier S, Gormley E. The distribution of Mycobacterium bovis
infection in naturally infected badgers. Vet J 2012; 194(2): 166-72.
8. Firdessa R, Tschopp R, Wubete A, et al. High prevalence of bovine tuberculosis in dairy cattle in central
Ethiopia: implications for the dairy industry and public health. PLoS One 2012; 7(12): e52851.
9. Flores-Villalva S, Suarez-Guemes F, Espitia C, Whelan AO, Vordermeier M, Gutierrez-Pabello JA. Specificity
Annual reports of OIE Reference Laboratories, 2012
5
OIE RL for « Bovine Tuberculosis » – « Prof Glyn Hewinson » – « United Kingdom »
of the tuberculin skin test is modified by use of a protein cocktail containing ESAT-6 and CFP-10 in cattle
naturally infected with Mycobacterium bovis. Clin Vaccine Immunol 2012; 19(5): 797-803.
10. Gavier-Widen D, Chambers M, Gortazar C, Delahay R, Cromie R, Linden A. Mycobacteria infections. In:
Gavier-Widen D, Duff JP, Meredith A, eds. Infectious diseases of wild mammals and birds in Europe.
Chichester: Wiley-Blackwell; 2012: 265-92.
11. Gideon HP, Wilkinson KA, Rustad TR, et al. Bioinformatic and empirical analysis of novel hypoxia-inducible
targets of the human antituberculosis T cell response. J Immunol 2012; 189(12): 5867-76.
12. Goodchild AV, Watkins GH, Sayers AR, Jones JR, Clifton-Hadley RS. Geographical association between the
genotype of bovine tuberculosis in found dead badgers and in cattle herds. Vet Rec 2012; 170(10): 257.
13. Gumi B, Schelling E, Berg S, et al. Zoonotic transmission of tuberculosis between pastoralists and their
livestock in South-East Ethiopia. EcoHealth 2012; 9(2): 139-49.
14. Hogan L, Bhuju S, Jones DC, et al. Characterisation of bovine leukocyte Ig-like receptors. PLoS One 2012;
7(4): e34291.
15. Jones GJ, Whelan A, Clifford D, Coad M, Vordermeier HM. Improved skin test for differential diagnosis of
bovine tuberculosis by the addition of Rv3020c-derived peptides. Clin Vaccine Immunol 2012; 19(4): 6202.
16. Karolemeas K, de la Rua-Domenech R, Cooper R, et al. Estimation of the relative sensitivity of the
comparative tuberculin skin test in tuberculous cattle herds subjected to depopulation. PLoS One 2012;
7(8): e43217.
17. Kaveh DA, Whelan AO, Hogarth PJ. The duration of antigen-stimulation significantly alters the diversity of
multifunctional CD4 T cells measured by intracellular cytokine staining. PLoS One 2012; 7(6): e38926.
18. Khatri BL, Coad M, Clifford DJ, Hewinson RG, Whelan AO, Vordermeier HM. A natural-transmission model
of bovine tuberculosis provides novel disease insights. Vet Rec 2012; 171(18): 448.
19. Palgrave CJ, Benato L, Eatwell K, Laurenson IF, Smith NH. Mycobacterium microti infection in two
meerkats (Suricata suricatta). J Comp Pathol 2012; 146(2-3): 278-82.
20. Pérez de Val B, Nofrarias M, Lopez-Soria S, et al. Effects of vaccination against paratuberculosis on
tuberculosis in goats: diagnostic interferences and cross-protection. BMC Vet Res 2012; 8: 191.
21. Pérez de Val B, Villarreal-Ramos B, Nofrarias M, et al. Goats primed with Mycobacterium bovis BCG and
boosted with a recombinant adenovirus expressing Ag85A show enhanced protection against
tuberculosis. Clin Vaccine Immunol 2012; 19(9): 1339-47.
22. Pirson C, Jones GJ, Steinbach S, Besra GS, Vordermeier HM. Differential effects of Mycobacterium bovis derived polar and apolar lipid fractions on bovine innate immune cells. Vet Res 2012; 43: 54.
23. Rhodes S, Holder T, Clifford D, et al. Evaluation of gamma interferon and antibody tuberculosis tests in
alpacas. Clin Vaccine Immunol 2012; 19(10): 1677-83.
24. Thom ML, McAulay M, Vordermeier HM, et al. Duration of immunity against Mycobacterium bovis
following neonatal vaccination with bacillus Calmette-Guerin Danish: significant protection against
infection at 12, but not 24, months. Clin Vaccine Immunol 2012; 19(8): 1254-60.
25. Tomlinson A, Chambers M, Delahay R. Mycobacterium bovis infection in badger cubs: re-assessing the
evidence for maternally derived immunological protection from advanced disease. Vet Immunol
Immunopathol 2012; 148(3-4): 326-30.
26. Tree JA, Smith S, Baker N, et al. Method for assessing IFN-gamma responses in guinea pigs during TB
vaccine trials. Lett Appl Microbiol 2012; 55(4): 295-300.
27. Turner C, Knobloch H, Richards J, et al. Development of a device for sampling cattle breath. Biosyst Eng
2012; 112(2): 75-81.
28. Twomey DF, Collins R, Cranwell MP, et al. Controlling tuberculosis in a llama (Lama glama) herd using
clinical signs, tuberculin skin testing and serology. Vet J 2012; 192(2): 246-8.
29. Vordermeier HM, Hewinson RG, Wilkinson RJ, et al. Conserved immune recognition hierarchy of
6
Annual reports of OIE Reference Centres, 2012
OIE RL for « Bovine Tuberculosis » – « Prof Glyn Hewinson » – « United Kingdom »
mycobacterial PE/PPE proteins during infection in natural hosts. PLoS One 2012; 7(8): e40890.
30. Vordermeier M, Ameni G, Berg S, et al. The influence of cattle breed on susceptibility to bovine
tuberculosis in Ethiopia. Comp Immunol Microbiol Infect Dis 2012; 35(3): 227-32.
31. Vordermeier M, Ameni G, Glass EJ. Cytokine responses of Holstein and Sahiwal zebu derived monocytes
after mycobacterial infection. Trop Anim Health Prod 2012; 44(3): 651-5.
32. Vordermeier M, Whelan AO. ELISPOT assays to enumerate bovine IFN-gamma-secreting cells for the
development of novel vaccines against bovine tuberculosis. Methods in Molecular Biology 2012; 792: 21927.
33. Waters WR, Palmer MV, Buddle BM, Vordermeier HM. Bovine tuberculosis vaccine research: historical
perspectives and recent advances. Vaccine 2012; 30(16): 2611-22.
34. Waters WR, Thacker TC, Nonnecke BJ, et al. Evaluation of gamma interferon (IFN-gamma)-induced protein
10 responses for detection of cattle infected with Mycobacterium bovis: comparisons to IFN-gamma
responses. Clin Vaccine Immunol 2012; 19(3): 346-51.
35. Whelan A, Court P, Xing Z, et al. Immunogenicity comparison of the intradermal or endobronchial
boosting of BCG vaccinates with Ad5-85A. Vaccine 2012; 30(44): 6294-300.
ToR: To provide scientific and technical training for personnel from OIE Member Countries
To recommend the prescribed and alternative tests or vaccines as OIE Standards
15.
Did your laboratory provide scientific and technical training to laboratory personnel from other OIE
Member Countries?
Yes
No
a)
Technical visits: ................................................................ 7
b)
Seminars: ......................................................................... 1
c)
Hands-on training courses: .............................................. 1
d)
Internships (>1 month): ...................................................
Type of technical training
provided (a, b, c or d)
Country of origin of the expert(s)
provided with training
No. participants from the
corresponding country
a
Afghanistan
1
a
Korea
3
a
Sweden
1
a,b,c
Ethiopia
1, 24, 24
a
Spain
1
ToR: To maintain a system of quality assurance, biosafety and biosecurity relevant for the
pathogen and the disease concerned
16.
Does your laboratory have a Quality Management System certified according to an International
Standard?
Yes
Annual reports of OIE Reference Laboratories, 2012
No
7
OIE RL for « Bovine Tuberculosis » – « Prof Glyn Hewinson » – « United Kingdom »
Quality management system adopted
ISO 17025 – accreditation standard
ISO 9001 – certification standard
Good Distribution Practice (GDP) 94/C63/03
Good Laboratory Practice (GLP)
17.
Is your laboratory accredited by an international accreditation body?
Yes
No
Test for which your laboratory is accredited
Accreditation body
Culture (bovine & non bovine)
UKAS
Gamma Interferon Elisa
UKAS
Culture (bovine & non bovine)
GLP
Spoligotyping
UKAS
18. Does your laboratory maintain a “biorisk management system” for the pathogen and the disease
concerned? (See Manual of Diagnostic Tests and Vaccines for Terrestrial Animals 2012, Chapter 1.1.3 or
Manual of Diagnostic Tests for Aquatic Animals 2012, Chapter 1.1.1)
Yes
No
ToR: To organise and participate in scientific meetings on behalf of the OIE
19.
Did your laboratory organise scientific meetings on behalf of the OIE?
Yes
20.
No
Did your laboratory participate in scientific meetings on behalf of the OIE?
Yes
No
ToR: To establish and maintain a network with other OIE Reference Laboratories
designated for the same pathogen or disease and organise regular inter-laboratory
proficiency testing to ensure comparability of results
21.
Did your laboratory exchange information with other OIE Reference Laboratories designated for the
same pathogen or disease?
Yes
22.
No
Was your laboratory involved in maintaining a network with OIE Reference Laboratories designated
for the same pathogen or disease by organising or participating in proficiency tests?
Yes
No
Purpose of the proficiency tests:
(validation of a diagnostic protocol:
specify the test; quality control of
vaccines: specify the vaccine type, etc.)
Role of your
Reference Laboratory
(organiser/
participant)
No.
participants
A dossier detailing the DIVA blood test
that could be used in the face of BCG
vaccination in cattle was circulated to the
OIE experts on TB, and their comments
have been received and documented
organiser
2
8
Participating OIE Ref.
Labs/ organising OIE
Ref. Lab.
Gerencia de
Laboratorios (GELAB)
del Servicio Nacional
de Sanidad y Calidad,
ARGENTINA
Annual reports of OIE Reference Centres, 2012
OIE RL for « Bovine Tuberculosis » – « Prof Glyn Hewinson » – « United Kingdom »
Agence Nationale de
Sécurité Sanitaire de
l'Alimentation, de
l'Environnement et du
Travail (Anses)
FRANCE
23.
Did your laboratory collaborate with other OIE Reference Laboratories for the same disease
on scientific research projects for the diagnosis or control of the pathogen of interest?
Yes
No
ToR: To organise inter-laboratory proficiency testing with laboratories other than OIE
Reference Laboratories for the same pathogens and diseases to ensure equivalence of
results.
24.
Did your laboratory organise or participate in inter-laboratory proficiency tests with
laboratories other than OIE Reference Laboratories for the same disease?
Yes
No
No. participating
laboratories
Participating OIE Member
Countries
N/A
N/A – only a participant
MIRU-VNTR comparative test – July 2012
N/A
N/A – only a participant
2011 Ring trial DNA extraction and culture –
submitted March 2012
N/A
N/A – only a participant
Evaluation of the DIVA skin test
2
New Zealand, USA
Inter-laboratory reproducibility of the DIVA blood test
2
Spain (EURL)
The effect of repeat BCG vaccination on the specificity
of the DIVA blood test
2
Spain (EURL)
Inter-laboratory reproducibility of the DIVA blood test
2
Spain (EURL)
Purpose for inter-laboratory test comparisons1
Comparative test INTERFERON GAMMA –
2012
Dec
ToR: To place expert consultants at the disposal of the OIE
25.
Did your laboratory place expert consultants at the disposal of the OIE?
Yes
1
No
Kind of consultancy
Location
Subject (facultative )
Member of Biological Standards Commission
Paris and AHVLA
Responding to requests for consultancy on test
validation
Attendance at BSC meetings, comments
on papers etc
AHVLA
Test validatio
See Interlaboratory test comparisons in: Laboratory Proficiency Testing at:
www.oie.int/en/our-scientific-expertise/reference-laboratories/proficiency-testing see point 1.3
Annual reports of OIE Reference Laboratories, 2012
9