Electronic Supplemental Material
Adaptive growth reduction in response to fish
kairomones allows mosquito larvae (Culex pipiens)
to reduce predation risk
Jonas Jourdan1,2*, Jasmin Baier2,3, Rüdiger Riesch4, Sven Klimpel5, Bruno Streit1,2, Ruth
Müller6 and Martin Plath7*
1
Biodiversity and Climate Research Centre (BiKF), Senckenberganlage 25, 60325 Frankfurt am Main, Germany
2
Goethe University of Frankfurt, Department of Ecology and Evolution, Max-von-Laue-Straße 13, D-60438 Frankfurt am Main, Germany
3
Master study program “Ecology and Evolution” at Goethe University of Frankfurt
4
School of Biological Sciences, Royal Holloway University of London, Egham, TW20 0EX, UK
5
Goethe University of Frankfurt, Department of Integrative Parasitology and Zoophysiology, Max-von-Laue-Straße 13, D-60438 Frankfurt
am Main, Germany
6
Department Environmental Toxicology and Medical Entomology, Institute of Occupational, Social and Environmental Medicine, Goethe
University, Theodor-Stern-Kai 7, D-60590 Frankfurt am Main
7
College of Animal Science and Technology, Northwest A&F University, Xinong Road no. 22, 712100 Yangling, Shaanxi, P.R. China
*Corresponding authors’ email addresses: JonasJourdan@googlemail.com and martin_plath@web.de
Supplementary Table 1
Descriptive statistics (raw data) for selected larval life-history traits of N = 135 specimens of C.
pipiens pupae that were experimentally exposed to kairomones from Gasterosteus aculeatus
(experiment 2).
Treatment
Time until
Control
pupation [days]
Gasterosteus
Total
Cephalotorax
area [mm2]
Control
Gasterosteus
Total
Abdominal
Control
Sex
male
female
total
male
female
total
male
female
total
male
female
total
male
female
total
male
female
total
male
Mean ± SD
13.21 ± 0.53
14.83 ± 0.8
13.91 ± 1.04
13.24 ± 0.51
14.92 ± 1.2
14.21 ± 1.28
13.22 ± 0.52
14.88 ± 1.04
14.06 ± 1.17
3.06 ± 0.24
4.02 ± 0.31
3.48 ± 0.55
2.79 ± 0.33
3.74 ± 0.38
3.33 ± 0.59
2.94 ± 0.31
3.86 ± 0.37
3.40 ± 0.57
0.64 ± 0.05
N
38
29
67
29
39
68
67
68
135
38
29
67
29
39
68
67
68
135
38
1
width [mm]
Gasterosteus
Total
Abdominal
length [mm]
Control
Gasterosteus
Total
Dry weight [µg]
Control
Gasterosteus
Total
female
total
male
female
total
male
female
total
male
female
total
male
female
total
male
female
total
male
female
total
male
female
total
male
female
total
0.78 ± 0.05
0.70 ± 0.08
0.62 ± 0.06
0.75 ± 0.06
0.69 ± 0.09
0.63 ± 0.06
0.76 ± 0.06
0.70 ± 0.09
2.99 ± 0.25
3.65 ± 0.23
3.27 ± 0.41
2.78 ± 0.25
3.52 ± 0.32
3.20 ± 0.47
2.90 ± 0.27
3.57 ± 0.29
3.24 ± 0.44
667 ± 66
1097 ± 130
853 ± 236
594 ± 115
947 ± 166
797 ± 228
636 ± 97
1011 ± 168
29
67
29
39
68
67
68
135
38
29
67
29
39
68
67
68
135
38
29
67
29
39
68
67
68
825 ± 233
135
Supplementary Table 2.
Descriptive statistics (raw data) for selected larval life-history traits of N = 307 specimens of C.
pipiens that were experimentally exposed to kairomones from three fish species (experiment 3).
Developmental duration
[days]
Treatment
Control
Ancistrus
Gasterosteus
Gambusia
Total
Dry weight [µg]
Control
Ancistrus
Gasterosteus
Sex
male
female
total
male
female
total
male
female
total
male
female
Total
male
female
total
male
female
total
male
female
total
male
female
Mean ± SD
13.88 ± 0.61
15.07 ± 0.66
14.32 ± 0.85
13.89 ± 0.89
14.76 ± 0.71
14.30 ± 0.92
13.88 ± 0.71
14.74 ± 0.66
14.28 ± 0.81
13.70 ± 0.63
14.75 ± 0.63
14.20 ± 0.82
13.84 ± 0.71
14.82 ± 0.67
14.27 ± 0.85
697 ± 78
1147 ± 111
863 ± 237
658 ± 89
1081 ± 106
854 ± 233
646 ± 114
1098 ± 125
N
48
28
76
38
33
71
41
35
76
44
40
84
171
136
307
48
28
76
38
33
71
41
35
2
Gambusia
Total
Wing length [mm]
Control
Ancistrus
Gasterosteus
Gambusia
Total
Fat content [%]
Control
Ancistrus
Gasterosteus
Gambusia
Total
total
male
female
total
male
female
total
male
female
total
male
female
total
male
female
total
male
female
total
male
female
total
male
female
total
male
female
total
male
female
total
male
female
total
male
female
total
854 ± 256
659 ± 94
1054 ± 165
847 ± 238
666 ± 95
1091 ± 134
855 ± 240
3.11 ± 0.14
3.72 ± 0.16
3.34 ± 0.33
3.16 ± 0.30
3.68 ± 0.13
3.4 ± 0.35
3.07 ± 0.16
3.6 ± 0.20
3.31 ± 0.32
3.11 ± 0.13
3.63 ± 0.19
3.36 ± 0.31
3.11 ± 0.19
3.65 ± 0.18
3.35 ± 0.33
33.5 ± 5.8
27.2 ± 5
31.2 ± 6.3
31.5 ± 6.8
26.1 ± 5.4
29 ± 6.7
29.8 ± 6.6
27.9 ± 5.7
28.9 ± 6.2
31.6 ± 9.7
26.2 ± 3.9
29 ± 8
31.7 ± 7.4
26.8 ± 5
29.5 ± 6.9
76
44
40
84
171
136
307
48
28
76
38
33
71
41
35
76
44
40
84
171
136
307
48
28
76
38
33
71
41
35
76
44
40
84
171
136
307
3