Wk 9 Oct. 11-15 (5) CH 3 The conservation of atoms in chemical reactions leads to the principle of conservation of matter and the ability to calculate the mass of products and reactants. As a basis for understanding this concept: 3. b. Students know the quantity one mole is set by defining one mole of carbon-12 atoms to have a mass of exactly 12 grams. The mole concept is often difficult for students to understand at first, but they can be taught that the concept is convenient in chemistry just as a dozen is a convenient concept, or measurement unit, in the grocery store. The mole is a number. Specifically, a mole is defined as the number of atoms in 12 grams of carbon-12. When atomic masses were assigned to elements, the mass of 12 grams of carbon-12 was selected as a standard reference to which the masses of all other elements are compared. The number of atoms in 12 grams of carbon-12 is defined as one mole, or 12 conversely, if one mole of C atoms were weighed, it would weigh exactly 12 grams. (Note that carbon, as found in nature, is a mixture of isotopes, including atoms of carbon-12, carbon-13, and trace amounts of carbon-14.) The definition of the mole refers to pure carbon-12. The atomic mass of an element is the weighted average of the mass of one mole of its atoms based on the abundance of all its naturally occurring isotopes. The atomic mass of carbon is 12.011 grams. If naturally occurring carbon is combined with oxygen to form carbon dioxide, the mass of one mole of naturally occurring oxygen can be determined from the combining mass ratios of the two elements. For example, the weight, or atomic mass, of one mole of oxygen containing mostly oxygen-16 and a small amount of oxygen-18 is 15.999 grams. 23 3. c. Students know one mole equals 6.02 × 10 particles (atoms or molecules). 12 A mole is a very large number. Standard 3.b describes the mole as the number of atoms in 12 grams of C. The number of atoms in a mole has been 23 found experimentally to be about 6.02 × 10 . This number, called Avogadro’s number, is known to a high degree of accuracy. 3. d. Students know how to determine the molar mass of a molecule from its chemical formula and a table of atomic masses and how to convert the mass of a molecular substance to moles, number of particles, or volume of gas at standard temperature and pressure. The molar mass of a compound, which is also called either the molecular mass or molecular weight, is the sum of the atomic masses of the constituent atoms of each element in the molecule. Molar mass is expressed in units of grams per mole. The periodic table is a useful reference for finding the atomic masses of each element. For example, one mole of carbon dioxide molecules contains one mole of carbon atoms weighing 12.011 grams and two moles of oxygen atoms weighing 2 × 15.999 grams for a total molecular mass of 44.009 grams per mole of carbon dioxide molecules. The mass of a sample of a compound can be converted to moles by dividing its mass by the molar mass of the compound. This process is similar to the unit conversion discussed in the introduction to Standard Set 3. The number of particles in the sample is determined by multiplying the number of moles by Avogadro’s number. The volume of an ideal or a nearly ideal gas at a fixed temperature and pressure is proportional to the number of moles. Students should be able to calculate the number of moles of a gas from its volume by using the relationship that at standard temperature and pressure (0°C and 1 atmosphere), one mole of gas occupies a volume of 22.4 liters. Wk 9 Oct. 11-15 (5) Vocabulary-From standards and Framework 1. 2. 3. 4. 5. 6. 7. 8. Mole Carbon-12 Atomic mass Elements Isotopes 12.011 grams Oxygen-16 23 6.02 × 10 particles or atoms or molecules 9. Avogadro’s number 10. Molar mass 11. Chemical formula 12. Molecular substance 13. Standard temperature and pressure 14. Molecules 15. Compound 16. Volume 17. Ideal gas 18. 0°C and 1 atmosphere 19. One mole of gas occupies a volume of 22.4 liters 20. Atoms Questions 1. How is the quantity one mole defined? 2. When was Carbon-12 chosen to become the standard molar mass? 3. What 3 isotopes can carbon have? 4. Which isotope does the definition of the mole refer to? 5. Explain the atomic mass of an element. 6. What is the precise atomic mass of carbon? 7. How can the mole of naturally occurring oxygen be determined? 8. What 2 isotopes of oxygen are there? 9. What is Avogadro’s number? (numerical) 10. What is Avogadro’s number? (definition) 11. What 2 items are given to determine the molar mass of a molecule? 12. How can the molar mass of a compound be determined? 13. How can the mass of a sample of compound be converted to moles? 14. What is meant by the phrase, “ideal gas”? 15. How many liters does one mole of gas occupy? Pivot Points 1. 2. 3. 4. Carbon-12 Mole Avogadro Number Molar Mass Wk 9 Oct. 11-15 (5) 1. Topic Chemistry Title Stoichiometry Wk 9 Oct. 11-15 (5) 2. Objective Understand the conservation of atoms/matter in Wk 9 Oct. 11-15 (5) chemical reactions and the ability to calculate the Wk 9 Oct. 11-15 (5) mass of products and reactants. Wk 9 Oct. 11-15 (5) 3. Standard CH 3. b, c, d Wk 9 Oct. 11-15 (5) 4. Analyzed Standard: 3 sent in own words Wk 9 Oct. 11-15 (5) HW Mon Vocab The words to define on index cards 1. 2. 3. 4. 5. 6. 7. 8. 9. 10. Moles – quantity of element Stoichiometry- the study of balanced eq Avogadro’s number – 6.02 x 1023 particles Molecular mass/weight – total grams Isotopes – proton # difference Atomic number – electron/proton # Atomic mass – grams of particles Chemical formula- reactants / products Ideal gas- atmosphere / temp STP – standard temperature and Pressure Wk 9 Oct. 11-15 (5) 5. Overview The number of atoms in 12 grams of carbon-12 is defined as one mole, or 12 conversely, if one mole of C atoms were weighed, it would weigh exactly 12 grams. If naturally occurring carbon is combined with oxygen to form carbon dioxide, the mass of one mole of naturally occurring oxygen can be determined from the combining mass ratios of the two elements. For example, the weight, or atomic mass, of one mole of oxygen containing mostly oxygen-16 and a small amount of oxygen-18 is 15.999 grams. Molar mass is expressed in units of grams per mole. The number of particles in the sample is determined by multiplying the number of moles by Avogadro’s number. The volume of an ideal or a nearly ideal gas at a fixed temperature and pressure is proportional to the number of moles. Students should be able to calculate the number of moles of a gas from its volume by using the relationship that at standard temperature and pressure (0°C and 1 atmosphere), one mole of gas occupies a volume of 22.4 liters. Wk 9 Oct. 11-15 (5) 6. Graphic Organizer Wk 9 Oct. 11-15 (5) 7. Pivot Points Balanced equation, coefficient / atom number, Percent level, Stoichiometry Wk 9 Oct. 11-15 (5) 8. Inquiry Activity Wk 9 Oct. 11-15 (5) 9. Interpreting Data Wk 9 Oct. 11-15 (5) 10. Exploration Activity Wk 9 Oct. 11-15 (5) 11. Math Skills Wk 9 Oct. 11-15 (5) 12. Critical Thinking Wk 9 Oct. 11-15 (5) 13. Notes Wk 9 Oct. 11-15 (5) 14. Dispatch Wk 9 Oct. 11-15 (5) 15. Career focus Wk 9 Oct. 11-15 (5) 16. Theme Connection Wk 9 Oct. 11-15 (5) 17. Project Connection Wk 9 Oct. 11-15 (5) 18. Pivot points Wk 9 Oct. 11-15 (5) 19. Understand and apply Wk 9 Oct. 11-15 (5) Class Topic Title Objective Standard Question Unwrapped Standard or Framework Application of Standard Rigorous Instruction & Resources Wk 9 Oct. 11-15 (5) Evidence Wk 9 Oct. 11-15 (5) M Vocabulary Vocabulary Review T Q’s from reading Reading Review W Pre-lab CST review school R Post-lab Test review class F Packet Test Pillar / ESLR / Quote Packet 1. Topic, Title 2. Objective 3. Overview 4. Standard with Framework 5. Analyzed Standard 6. Graphic Organizer 7. Pivot Points- Know-Want 8. Inquiry Activity 9. Interpreting Data 10. Exploration Activity Packet 11. Math Skills 12. Critical Thinking 13. Notes Packet Worksheet Packet 15. Dispatch 16. Career Focus 17. Theme Connection 18. Project Connection 19. Pivot Points-Learned 20. Understanding and Applying Test HW Reading w/Q’s Pre-lab Post-lab Packet Study for test HO Quiz Pre-lab Post-lab Worksheet Vocabula ry Reading w/Q’s Vocabula ry Reading w/Q’s Due Qz Test CW 14. a) b) c) d) e) f) g) Laboratory Question Purpose Hypotheses Materials Procedures Data Conclusion Wk 9 Oct. 11-15 (5) Monday’s Community Stakeholder Vision Name___________________ Per___ Grade____ Class_____ Wk Date Quote Give response relate to pillar Quote Give response relate to Quote pillarGive response Pillar relate to pillar Give Example, Quote response Pillar Relate Give to quote Pillar to pillar relate Give Example, Give Example, Relate to quote ESLR to quote Relate Give example how ESLR Pillar ESLR this relates to quote Give how Give example Example, example how this relates to quote Relate to quote this relates to quote ESLR Give example how this relates to quote Wk Date Wk Date School School Community School Community Community School Community Wk Date Wk 9 Oct. 11-15 (5) Name_______________ Per___ Grade__ Class_____ Assessments for Week___ Date______ Vocabulary Review Monday Reading Review Test Review Name_______________ Per___ Grade__ Class_____ Assessments for Week___ Date______ Vocabulary Review Monday Wk 9 Oct. 11-15 (5) Reading Review Test Review Name_____________________________ Per____ Grade___ Class______ WK# ____Date_______ Topic ___________________ 1. Title___________________________________________________ 2. Objective- write from board M ____/10 T ____/10 W ____/10 R ____/10 Q____/20 ____________________________________________________________________________________________________________ ____________________________________________________________________________________________________________ 3. Overview- write from board ____________________________________________________________________________________________________________ ____________________________________________________________________________________________________________ ____________________________________________________________________________________________________________ ____________________________________________________________________________________________________________ 4. Standard(s)- write from the handout ____________________________________________________________________________________________________________ ____________________________________________________________________________________________________________ ____________________________________________________________________________________________________________ Wk 9 Oct. 11-15 (5) ____________________________________________________________________________________________________________ 5. Analyzed Standard- (2 sentences) standards in your words ____________________________________________________________________________________________________________ ____________________________________________________________________________________________________________ ____________________________________________________________________________________________________________ ____________________________________________________________________________________________________________ 6. Graphic Organizer- write from board 7. Pivot Points- what you Know-what you Want to know Topic I. Know …Want … K W II. K W III. K W IV. K W Wk 9 Oct. 11-15 (5) 8. Inquiry Activity Developing Observation Skills: a. Give the features. 9. Interpreting Activity Developing Inferring Skills: a. What is given? 10. Exploration Activity Developing Analysis Skills: a. State observations? b. Describe the features. b. What can be reasoned? b. What can you infer? c. Uses in the scientific community. c. What does this lead to? c. Describe the action and give reason Wk 9 Oct. 11-15 (5) 11. Math Skills 12. Critical Thinking 13. Notes Pivot points I. Info Wk 9 Oct. 11-15 (5) II. III. IV. Wk 9 Oct. 11-15 (5) Summary 15. Dispatch- write from handout give statement Questions Statement 16. Career Focus How are the Careers related to: The Topic? The Title? The Topic: The Title: 1. 2. 3. 17. Theme Connection- Energy: Production, Storage, and Transfer Efficiency. Connect the pivot points to one of the three. Energy: I. II. III. IV. Connection Wk 9 Oct. 11-15 (5) 18. Project connection- For the ___________Project the student must… ____________________________________________________________________________________________________________ ____________________________________________________________________________________________________________ ____________________________________________________________________________________________________________ 19. Topic I. II. III. IV. Pivot Points-Learned Learned… 20. Understanding and Applying Wk 9 Oct. 11-15 (5) Wk 9 Oct. 11-15 (5) Wk 9 Oct. 11-15 (5)