CHEMISTRY
COVALENT BONDING
NAME ______________________
12-3-14
COVALENT BONDS
 Recently we worked with ___________________________________________ which form when positive
____________________ combine with negative _________________________.
 Not _________ compounds involve ions.
 In ______________________________________, valence electrons are shared between two atoms.
 Generally form between _____________________________________________________________ from
___________________________________________ but can involve elements ___________________________.
 Covalent compounds are also called ______________________________________________.
EXAMPLE
Two Hydrogen atoms move close together to __________________________ valence electrons.

•
•
The ________________________________________ can share___________________________________ of
electrons.
• There is ____________________________________________ possible formula combination for
the same group of atoms.
•
For example, _____________________________________________ can form several different compounds:
If we named this ______________________________________, which one would we be talking about?
NAMING COVALENT (MOLECULAR) COMPOUNDS
In order to name a ____________________ compound, we follow the same basic rules as for ______________________
compounds….with one added step.

Since the same group of atoms can bond in different proportions, we must indicate
________________________________________ there is in the compound.
 1. Name the first element by its name, adding a ___________________________________________________.
 2. Name the second element by its name, but:
 A. Change the ending to ____________.
 B. Add a ___________________________ to tell how many,___________________________________!
NUMBER PREFIXES USED IN WRITING COVALENT COMPOUND NAMES
1 - _______________________
6 - ________________________
2- _______________________
7 - ________________________
3 - _______________________
8 - ________________________
4 - _______________________
9 - ________________________
5 - _______________________
10 - _______________________
 When adding prefixes, the “______” or “______” of the prefix may need to be ________________ if the
element starts with a ________________, such as:
 Hexa added to OXIDE becomes: _____________________________
PRATICE PROBLEMS (use the PERIODIC TABLE link in the power point to find symbols as needed)
Write formulas for the following covalent compounds. Use the PREFIX to determine the SUBSCRIPT that follows each
symbol. Remember if there is NO PREFIX, it means there is only one atom and NO SUBSCRIPT IS NEEDED.
1.
2.
3.
4.
5.
carbon monoxide
carbon dioxide
phosphorus trichloride
carbon tetrachloride
dinitrogen monoxide
MORE PRACTICE PROBLEMS
Write the correct formula for the following covalent compounds.
1.
2.
3.
4.
5.
6.
7.
8.
triphosphorus monoxide
phosphorus pentoxide
diphosphorus pentoxide
dichlorine heptoxide
dichlorine tribromide
silicon tetroxide
carbon tribromide
antimony disulfide
Diatomic Elements
 Some elements, when not bonded to other elements, bond to another atom of their own kind. These are
known as ___________________________________________.
 There are ____________________________________________________ diatomic elements:
 ______________________________________________________
 ______________________________________________________
 These elements should be written as
 _______________________________________________________________________ when they are ________ part of a compound.
Pure vs Polar Covalent
 When two atoms share an electron, the _________________________________________ value of each atom
determines ________________________________ the electron is pulled ____________ one atom or the other.
 Recall ______________________________________________________ is the measure of the
attraction one atom has for another’s valence electrons.
**SEE CHART**
Determining Bond Type
 To determine the type bond between any two atoms, _____________________________________________
___________________________________________:


0 to 0.5 - __________________________________ the e- is shared at an _________________________
__________________________________both atoms.

0.51 to 1.99 –______________________________ the e- is _____________________________________
than the other.
o This gives the atom the e- is closest to a _______________________________________________
___________________________________ and the one the e- is father away from a ___________
________________________________________________________________________________
2.0 or greater – the ________________________________________________________________ from one
atom to the other and forms an____________________________________.
Practice Problems
Use Eneg values to predict the type of bond that would form between each pair of atoms:
1. Ca and Br ______________
4. Au and S ________________
7. B and H _________________
2. H and O ______________
5. Sn and I ______________
8. Fr and F _______________
3. Pb and S _______________
6. C and H _______________
9. N and Al _______________