Mouse Diseases Common Conditions (phenotypes) and Infectious Diseases TABLES only
TABLES - Table number corresponds to section in TEXT
Table Ia
Table Ib
Table Ic
Common conditions by age
Common conditions or phenotypes by strain
Some immune relevant genotypes (in common strains)
Page 2
Table Id
Table Ie
Table If
Table Ig
Table Ih
Table Ii
Immunodeficient mice: Properties of important genes & mutations
Immunodeficient mice: Effects of Background strain on phenotypes
Immunodeficient mice: Primary T cell deficient options
Immunodeficient mice: MORE nude options
Immunodeficient mice: MORE scid options
Immunodeficient mice: MORE options
Page 5
Table II
Infectious Agents by site/system
Table IV
Viruses – Test methods, prevalence
Table V
Bacteria – Test methods, prevalence
Table VI
Eukaryotes – Test methods, prevalence
Table VIa Protozoa by site
Table VIb Fur mite comparison
Table VIc Pinworm comparison
Page 9
WEB Resources
References
Page 14
TEXT SECTIONS see also [1]
Common disease conditions – Spontaneous or Non infectious
Common diseases – Infectious by system
Infectious agents, diagnostic methods
Infectious agents, Viruses
1. Comments by agent (alphabetical order)
V
Infectious agents, Bacteria
1. Comments by agent (alphabetical order)
VI
Infectious agents, Eukaryotes
1. Fungi – inc Protista – Comments by agent (alphabetical order)
2. Protozoa – Comments by agent (alphabetical order)
Metazoa - Comments by agent (alphabetical order)
a) Arthropods Comments by agent (alphabetical order)
b) Helminths Comments by agent (alphabetical order)
I
II
III
IV
cbrayton@jhmi.edu 2013
Page 1 of 14
Mouse Diseases Common Conditions (phenotypes) and Infectious Diseases TABLES only
Table Ia: Non infectious CLINICAL conditions in mice at different ages [2] [3] [4]
Usually young mice
Life threatening
Hydrocephalus
Malocclusion
Usually not life
threatening
Microphthalmia
Usually adult,
various ages
Dermatitis and wounds
Abdominal enlargement (e.g.
hydrometra,
hydronephrosis, urinary
obstruction, ascites).
‘Neurologic’ signs (e.g. paresisparalysis, seizures, vestibular
signs)
Alopecia due to barbering
Blind / deaf
Usually older mice
Neoplasia (tumors)
Wasting due to chronic
progressive
conditions (e.g.
amyloidosis,
nephropathy,
neoplasia)
Obesity
Table Ib. Non infectious conditions and neoplasms in common mouse strains [2] [3] [4] [5]
129 strains
A/J
AKR
BALB/c
BALB/cBy
C3H
C57BL/6
DBA
FVB/N
Acallosity-hypocallosity; acidophilic macrophage pneumonia, hyalinosis
Lung tumors (testicular teratomas)
Congenital anomalies; amyloidosis; muscular dystrophy
Lung tumors, rhabdomyosarcoma [6]
Thymic lymphoma
Acallosity-hypocallosity; conspecific (male) aggression; cardiac calcinosis; cardiac thrombi;
vaginal septa
Lung tumors; Harderian gland tumors; myoepithelioma; rhabdomyosarcoma,
induced plasmacytoma
Blind (rd1/rd1); cardiac calcinosis, soft tissue mineralization
Mammary tumors in females; liver tumors in males
Hydrocephalus; microphthalmia; ulcerative dermatitis; amyloidosis; acidophilic macrophage
pneumonia, hyalinosis
Lymphoma; histiocytic sarcoma
dba, Cardiac calcinosis, soft tissue mineralization; seizures; deafness; glaucoma
BLIND rd1
Blind (rd1/rd1); seizures; mammary hyperplasia
Lung tumors
Diabetes; immune alterations
Lymphoma
Blind (rd1/rd1); conspecific (male) aggression; muscular dystrophy
Radioresistant
Lymphoma
Strain stock variations in: blind due to rd1/rd1; acidophilic macrophage pneumonia;
amyloidosis; nephropathy; urinary syndrome
Lymphomas; lung tumors; liver tumors; skin tumors
C3H, CBA, FVB, SJL, SWR etc
DEAF
C57BL/6, BALB, DBA, etc
NOD
SJL/J
Swiss
Not inbred
Re tumor frequency – see also http://tumor.informatics.jax.org/mtbwi/index.do
cbrayton@jhmi.edu 2013
Page 2 of 14
Mouse Diseases Common Conditions (phenotypes) and Infectious Diseases TABLES only
Table Ic: Some immune relevant genotype variations (in common strains) [7]
Gene
symbol
H2
Gene /Locus name
Chrom
Allele name
17
Allele
Symbol
a
H2
Major
Histocompatibility
Complex (MHC) H2
haplotypes
MHC H2 haplotype
H2
H2a *
A (A/HeJ, A/J, AWySnJ)
17
b
H2b
MHC H2 haplotype
17
b2
H2b2
C57BL/6, C57BL/10
129 - all?
NZB
H2
MHC H2 haplotype
17
d
H2d
H2
MHC H2 haplotype
17
g7
H2g7
H2
MHC H2 haplotype
17
k
H2k
H2
MHC H2 haplotype
17
P
H2p
AKR,
C3H, CBA, MRL
P
H2
MHC H2 haplotype
17
q
H2q
DBA/1, FVB/N, Nu/J
H2
MHC H2 haplotype
17
r
H2r
RIII
H2
MHC H2 haplotype
17
s, s2
H2s,s2
SJL, SJL/J
H2
MHC H2 haplotype
17
z
H2z
Hc
Hemolytic
complement (c5)
2
0
(Hc0)
0 = deficient
2 base "TA"
deletion
Tlr4
Toll like receptor 4
4
Lps-d
(Tlr4Lps-)d
Rmcf
MCF sensitive
5
s
(Rmcfs)
d = defective
lipopolysaccharide
response
s = sensitive to mcf
forming leukemia viruses
C to A
substitution
in 3rd exon
recessive
Rmcf
MCF sensitive
5
Ceacam1
carcinoembryonic
antigen-related cell
adhesion molecule
1
killer cell lectin-like
receptor, subfamily
A1 (aka Ly49A)
Aka Ly49B
7
R
(Rmcfr)
Hc2-r
(Ceacam1
Hv2-r)
Resistant to mcf forming
leukemia viruses
r = resistance to Mouse
hepatitis virus (MHV-4)
Klra1
Inhibit killing activity [8]
Dominant
allele
Deletion 
23 aa
substitution
recessive
Various
B6, NOD, 129, BALB/c
Inhibit killing activity [8]
Various
B6, 129, BALB/c
Inhibit killing activity [8]
Various
B6, NOD, BALB/c
Inhibit killing activity [8]
Various
Various
Klra1
(Ly49a)
Klra2
6
Mutation
Strains
DBA/2
BALB/c, BALB/cBy,
NOD
NZW, NZN, NZO
A/HeJ, AKR/J, DBA/2J,
FVB/N; NZB/B1NJ,
SWR/J, B10.D2/SnJ
C3H/HeJ
AKR/J, C57BL/6,
BALB/c, CBA/J, NFS,
NZB, 129/J.
DBA/1, DBA/2, and
CBA/Ca
SJL/J
C57BL/6
6
etc
Klra2
C57BL/6
etc
Klra3
Aka Ly49C
6
Klra3
C57BL/6
etc
Klra5,6,9,1
5,17,19,
20,21,22
*
Aka Ly49E,F,I,O,
Q,S,T,V
6
See also http://jaxmice.jax.org/literature/catalog/mhc_h2_haplotypes.pdf
http://www.imgt.org/IMGTrepertoireMHC/Polymorphism/haplotypes/mouse/MHC/Mu_haplotypes.html
cbrayton@jhmi.edu 2013
Page 3 of 14
Mouse Diseases Common Conditions (phenotypes) and Infectious Diseases TABLES only
Gene
symbol
Klra4,8,
13,14,16,
18,21,23,
25,28,30
Mx1
Mx1
Mx1
Tcrb-V8
Tcrb-V8
Nlrp1a
Gene /Locus name
Chrom
Allele
Symbol
Allele name
Mutation
Strains
Aka Ly4D,H,M,
N,P,R,U,W
6
Activate NK etc [8]
Various
Various
myxovirus
(influenza virus)
resistance 1
myxovirus
resistance 1
16
Mx1 r
Wild type
A2G, SL/NiA, CAST/Ei
Mx1 s1
r = resistance to
Myxovirus (etc
intranuclear virus ) [9]
s1 = susceptibility 1 [10]
16
deletion
16
Mx1 s2
s2 = susceptibility 2 [10]
6
Tcrb-V8 a
A = wild type
Point
mutation
Wild type
6
Tcrb-V8 c
Most common strains
C57BL/6J, C3H/HeJ,
BALB/cJ,etc
CBA/J, CE/J, I/LnJ,
PERA/Ei
A/J, AKR/J, BALB/cJ,
C3H/HeJ, C57BL/10J,
C57BL/6J, MRL
C57L/J, SJL/J
myxovirus
resistance 1
T cell receptor beta,
variable 8
T cell receptor beta,
variable 8
NOD-like receptor
(NLR) 1a
11
Nlrp1aR/R
Nlrp1a
NOD-like receptor
(NLRs) 1a
11
Nlrp1as/s
Slc11a1
(Nramp1)
solute carrier family
11 member 1; host
resistance
1
Slc11a1 r
Slc11a1
(Nramp1)
solute carrier family
11 member 1;
pathogen
susceptibility
1
Slc11a1 s
deletion
Resistance to anthrax LT
lethal toxin [11] NLRs =
inflammasome
components
Sensitivity to anthrax LT
lethal toxin [11]
r = resistance to certain
agents – some
Mycobacterium sp,
S. typhimurium,
L donovani [12]
s = susceptibility to
certain agents – some
Mycobacterium sp,
S. typhimurium,
L donovani [12]
dominant
allele
(wild type?)
G to A
point
mutation
recessive
C57BL/6J, A/J, I/LnJ,
SPRET/EiJ, PWK/PhJ,
PWD/PhJ, AKR/J,
NOD/LtJ, DBA/2J
129S1/SvlmJ, Balb/cJ,
FVB/NJ, SWR/J,
CAST/EiJ, C57/LJ
A; C3H; CBA; DBA [12]
C3H/HeJ, 129/Sv
BALB/c; C57BL [12]
Search for gene/locus/allele updates at http://www.informatics.jax.org/
Search for mice at http://www.findmice.org/index.jsp
cbrayton@jhmi.edu 2013
Page 4 of 14
Mouse Diseases Common Conditions (phenotypes) and Infectious Diseases TABLES only
Table Id: Immunodeficient mice: properties of important genes & mutations
Gene
B2m
beta-2
microglobulin
PROPERTIES
Required for normal expression of major histocompatibility class I proteins (displaying viral and self
antigens to potentially responsive T cells) and for
CD8+ T cell maturation and NK cell development
Tm Deficiency   NK cell development/activity, CD8+ T cell activity
Foxn1
forkhead box N1,
formerly Hfh11
nu mutation known as nude.
nu/nu are ‘hypothymic’ – ‘athymic’  T cell deficient; respond poorly to thymus-dependent antigens,
should accept allogeneic and xenogeneic grafts(but may have NK activity & be leaky)
 Greatly increased susceptibility to infection.
Il2rg
interleukin 2
receptor, gamma
chain
Necessary for IL2, IL4, IL7, IL9, IL15, IL21 high affinity binding & signaling.
Role in mediating susceptibility to thymic lymphomas in mice
Myd88
myeloid
differentiation
primary response
gene 88
Tm Deficiency  NO NK development +other defects in innate immunity.
 NO thymic lymphomas on susceptible background
Myd88 is an adapter protein used by all TLRs (except TLR 3) to activate transcription factor NF-κB in
innate immunity
Tm Deficiency   innate responses – neutrophils, macrophages,
hematopoietic, molecular signaling, and apoptotic abnormalities
Prf1
perforin 1
(pore-forming
protein)
Essential in lytic pathway by which NK and CD8+ lymphocytes kill targeted cells.
Prkdc
protein kinase,
DNA-activated,
catalytic
polypeptide
Involved in repairing double-stranded DNA breaks and in recombining the variable (V), diversity (D), and
joining (J) segments of immunoglobulin and T-cell receptor genes.
scid mutation/allele ‘severe combined immunodeficient’
Rag1
recombination
activating gene 1
Ticam1
Trif
Tm Deficiency   NK cell activity, CD8+ T cell activity
scid/scid  no mature T and B cells, cannot mount cell mediated or humoral adaptive immune
responses, do not reject allogeneic and xenogeneic grafts,  useful cancer research models.
BUT leakiness  some functional B and T cells as they age.
 leakiness in non-SPF conditions,
 leakiness C57BL/6J, BALB/cByJ backgrounds > C3H/HeSnJSmn > NOD/LtSzJ background
++ radiosensitive  cannot be as thoroughly irradiated as other immunodeficient models before
being engrafted
renders NOD mice diabetes-free  useful for adoptive transfer of diabetes by T cells.
Essential for V(D)J gene rearrangements necessary  functional antigen receptors in T & B cells.
Deficient tm1Mom mutants  no mature, functional T and B cells.
Renders NOD mice diabetes-free.
+ B cell lymphomas in NOD.129S7(B6)-Rag1tm1Mom/J
Toll-like receptor adaptor molecule 1 (formerly uses TIR-domain–containing adapter-inducing interferon-b
(TRIF)). adapter protein used by TLR 3 to activate transcription factor NF-κB in innate immunity
Tm Deficiency   innate responses – esp when combined with Myd88 Tm
Tm = targeted mutation (knockout)
cbrayton@jhmi.edu 2013
Page 5 of 14
Mouse Diseases Common Conditions (phenotypes) and Infectious Diseases TABLES only
Table Ie: Immunodeficient mice: Effects of Background strain on phenotypes
adapted from Jaxnotes #501, 2006 [13] http://jaxmice.jax.org/jaxnotes/archive/501.pdf etc
Back ground
Innate
NK etc
Leaky
H2
Examples
‘common name’
Characteristics (Phenotypes)
BALB
Substrains
Normal
Yes T
d
CByJ.Cg-Foxn1nu/J
‘BALB/c Nude’
Normal B cells etc
 Extra thymic T cells with age
POOR breeders,  female fertility  nu/+ F x nu/nu M
Normal
High
d
CBySmn.CB17Prkdcscid/J
‘BALB/c scid’
NO functional B and T cells
HIGH NK, complement activity (normal APC function)
Thymic lymphomas but < NOD.CB17-Prkdcscid/SzJ
RadioSensitive
Normal

NO
b
B6.129S7Rag1tm1Mom/J
‘B6 Rag’
NO functional B and T cells
HIGH NK activity (normal APC, complement c5)
Normal

High
b
B6.CB17Prkdcscid/SzJ
‘B6 scid’
NO functional B and T cells
HIGH NK, complement activity (normal APC function)
Low
NO
g7
NOD/ShiLtJ
‘NOD’
susceptible to immune mediated insulitis + diabetes
 NK, macrophage, APC activity; Hc0  No c5
RadioResistant
Low
NO
g7
NOD.129S7(B6)Rag1tm1Mom/J
‘NOD Rag’
NO functional B and T cells
Pre-B cell > Thymic lymphomas ( 10.5mo)
Somewhat RadioResistant
Low
NO
g7
NOD.Cg-Rag1tm1Mom
Prf1tm1Sdz/SzJ
‘NOD Rag Prf’
NO functional B and T cells,
NO NK cell activity; Hc0  No c5
Thymic lymphomas (short lifespan ~8.5mo)
RadioResistant: survives up to 8 Gy
Low
Low
g7
NOD.CB17Prkdcscid/J
NO functional B and T cells
NOD background  low NK activity, Hc0  No c5,
defects in myeloid development, poor APC functions
Thymic lymphomas (short lifespan ~8.5mo)
RadioSensitive: tolerates up to 4 Gy
Low
Low
g7
NOD.Cg-Prkdcscid
B2mtm1Unc/J
‘NOD scid B2m’
NO functional B and T cells
No MHC 1 expression  ~NO NK activity
Thymic lymphomas (short lifespan ~6.3mo)
Hemochromatosis dt?
Low
NO
g7
NOD.Cg-Prkdcscid
Il2rgtm1Wjl/SzJ
‘NSG’
NO lymphocytes; NO NK cell activity
Lymphoma-resistant; long-lived > 16m
JAX
Low
NO
NOD.Cg-Prkdcscid
Il2rgtm1Sug/JicTac
‘NOG’
NO lymphoctes; NO NK cell activity
Lymphoma-resistant; long-lived > 16m
TAC
Normal
Yes T
NU/J
NIH outbred nude stock  inbred at TJL
C57BL/6J
NOD
NIH stock
cbrayton@jhmi.edu 2013
q
(Foxn1nu)
Page 6 of 14
Mouse Diseases Common Conditions (phenotypes) and Infectious Diseases TABLES only
Table If: Immunodeficient mice: Primary T cell deficient options
T
Cells
B
Cells
Innate
NK
Leaky
Foxn1nu (nude)
D
N
N
yes
Prkdcscid (scid)
D
D
N-
yes
Thymic
lymphoma
PrkdcscidLystbg
(scid-bg)
D
D
N
Reduced by
bg
Thymic
lymphoma
NOD-Prkdcscid
(NOD-scid)
D
D
D
Minimal
Thymic
lymphoma
NOD, Prkdcscid,
Il2rgtm… (NSG, NOG)
D
D
D
No
Mutations
Tumors
D = Deficient, N = ‘normal’
Table Ig: Immunodeficient mice: MORE NUDE options
Source
Background
Name
INbred
AKA
Tac Bom
B6N/Tac
B6.Cg/NTac-Foxn1nu
+
B6 nude
BALB/cAnN
C.Cg/AnNTac-Foxn1nu
+
BALB/c nude
BALB/cBom
C.Cg/AnBomTac-Foxn1nu
+
BALB/cA nude
BALB x NIH(S)
CrTac:NCr-Foxn1nu
NIH Nude
NMRI (S)
BomTac:NMRI-Foxn1nu
Swiss nude
NIH(S)
NTac:NIHS-Foxn1nu
Swiss Nude
BALB/cAnN
CAnN.Cg-Foxn1nu/Crl
CD1 (S)
Crl:CD1-Foxn1nu
CD1 nude
NIH Nu
Crl:NU-Foxn1nu
Nu/nu NIH nude
NIH Nu
Hsd:Athymic Nude-Foxn1nu
NIH nude
NMRI (S)
HsdCpb:NMRI-Foxn1nu
Swiss Nude
CD1 (S)
HsdHli:CD1-Foxn1nu
CD1 nude
ICR (S)
HsdOla:ICRF-Foxn1nu
Swiss Nude
MF1
HsdOla:MF1-Foxn1nu
MF1 nude
BALB/cOla
BALB/OlaHsd-Foxn1nu
Crl
Hsd Ola
cbrayton@jhmi.edu 2013
+
+
BALB/c Nude
BALB nude
Page 7 of 14
Mouse Diseases Common Conditions (phenotypes) and Infectious Diseases TABLES only
Table Ih: Immunodeficient mice: MORE scid options
Source
Background
Name
INbred
AKA
Tac Bom
C.B17
C.B-Igh-1b/IcrTac-Prkdcscid
+
CB17 scid
IcrTac
IcrTac:ICR-Prkdcscid
C.B-17
C.B-Igh-1b/GbmsTac-Prkdcscid-Lystbg
+
scid-beige
NOD +
NOD/MrkBomTac-Prkdcscid
+
NODscid
NOD
NOD.Cg-Prkdcscid Il2rgtm1Sug/JicTac
+
CIEA NOG
C.B17
CB17/Icr-Prkdcscid/IcrCrl
+
CB17 scid
Crl
Scid - Swiss
Crl:SHO-PrkdcscidHrhr
Hsd Ola
Scid hairless outbred
BALB/cJ
BALB/cJHan™Hsd-Prkdcscid
+
BALB/c Scid
C.B-17
C.B-17/IcrHsd-Prkdcscid
+
CB17 scid
C3H
C3H.C-Prkdcscid/IcrSmnHsd
+
C3H scid
ICR (S)
HsdIcr:Ha(ICR)-Prkdcscid
NOD CB17
NOD.CB17/JHliHsd-Prkdcscid
Scid
+
NODscid
Table Ii: Immunodeficient mice: MORE options
Source
Background
Name
INbred
AKA
Tac Bom
C.B17
C.B-Igh-1b/IcrTac-Prkdcscid
+
CB17 scid
IcrTac
IcrTac:ICR-Prkdcscid
C.B-17
C.B-Igh-1b/GbmsTac-Prkdcscid-Lystbg
+
scid-beige
NOD +
NOD/MrkBomTac-Prkdcscid
+
NODscid
NOD
NOD.Cg-Prkdcscid
+
CIEA NOG
C.B17
CB17/Icr-Prkdcscid/IcrCrl
+
CB17 scid
Crl
Il2rgtm1Sug/JicTac
Scid - Swiss
Crl:SHO-PrkdcscidHrhr
Hsd Ola
Scid hairless outbred
BALB/cJ
BALB/cJHan™Hsd-Prkdcscid
+
BALB/c Scid
C.B-17
C.B-17/IcrHsd-Prkdcscid
+
CB17 scid
C3H
C3H.C-Prkdcscid/IcrSmnHsd
+
C3H scid
ICR (S)
HsdIcr:Ha(ICR)-Prkdcscid
NOD CB17
NOD.CB17/JHliHsd-Prkdcscid
cbrayton@jhmi.edu 2013
Scid
+
NODscid
Page 8 of 14
Mouse Diseases Common Conditions (phenotypes) and Infectious Diseases TABLES only
Table II Infectious agents in mice, listed by site or by primary disease phenotype when there are
pathology findings
Viruses
ENTERIC-HEPATIC
Calicivirus (MNV)
Coronavirus (MHV)
Reovirus 3 (Reo3)
Rotavirus EDIM
Bacteria
ENTERIC-HEPATIC
Citrobacter rodentium
Escherichia coli
Clostridium piliforme
Cl difficile, Cl perfringens
Helicobacters
Salmonella enterica Ssp typhimurium
Segmented Filamentous Bacteria (SFB)
Eukaryotes
ENTERIC-HEPATIC
Fungi
Gastric yeasts
Protozoa
Eimeria sp.
Cryptosporidia
Entamoebae
Flagellates
Nematodes
Aspiculuris tetraptera
Syphacia muris
Syphacia obvelata
RESPIRATORY
Paramyxovirus (MPV,Sen)
IMMUNE or MULTISYSTEM
Adenovirus (MAV1,2)
Arterivirus (LDV)
Ectromelia virus (ECT)
Herpesvirus (MCMV, MTV)
LCM virus (LCMV)
LDH virus (LDV)
Papova (K, MPyV)
Parvoviruses (MMV, MPV)
CNS
PicoRNAvirus (TMEV etc)
OTHER
Hantavirus (HAN)
Retrovirus
Papillomavirus
cbrayton@jhmi.edu 2013
RESPIRATORY
Bordetella avium, hinzii, etc,
CAR bacillus
Klebsiella pneumoniae
Mycoplasma pulmonis
Pasteurella pneumotropica
SKIN (or abscesses)
Corynebacterium bovis
Corynebacterium kutscheri
Staphylococcus aureus
Staphylococcus species
Streptobacillus moniliformis
Bacteremia, Septicemia
Klebsiella oxytoca etc spp
Proteus mirabilis
Pseudomonas aeruginosa
Streptococcus, Enterococcus spp.
OTHER
Chlamydiae
Mycobacterium spp
Mycoplasmas Haemotrophic
Cestodes
Cysticercus fasciolaris
Hymenolepis diminuta
Rodentolepis microstoma
Rodentolepis nana
RESPIRATORY
Fungi
Pneumocystis murina
SKIN/HAIR
Fungi
Dermatophytes
Arthropods
Lice
Mites – Fur, Follicles
OTHER
Fungi
Encephalitozoon cuniculi
Protozoa
Klossiella muris
Sarcocystis muris
Arthropods
Mesostigmatid mites
NON parasitic arthropods
Psocids
Page 9 of 14
Mouse Diseases Common Conditions (phenotypes) and Infectious Diseases TABLES only
Table IV Viruses in mice: test methods and results from Pritchett-Corning, Cosentino, Clifford (2009) [14]
(see also [15] [16] [17] [18]), and survey results from Carty 2008. [19] The most common agents are in
boldface. The final column indicates if PCR testing is commercially available on feces (F) or biological
materials (B) such as serum or cultured cells.
Agent (common abbreviations)
Primary
test [14]
Confirmatory test
%Pos
Results
[14]
[14]
Adenoviridae
MFIA/
IFA
Mouse Adenovirus (MAV1, MAV2)
ELISA
Arenaviridae
MFIA/
Lymphocytic choriomeningitis virus
IFA
ELISA
(LCMV)
Arteriviridae
Lactate dehydrogenase-elevating virus
Enzyme*
PCR
(LDHV, LDV)
Caliciviridae
MFIA/
IFA
Murine norovirus (MNV)
ELISA
Coronaviridae
MFIA/
IFA
Mouse Hepatitis virus (MHV)
ELISA
Bunyaviridae
MFIA/
IFA
Hantavirus (HAN, HNT)
ELISA
Herpesviridae
MFIA/
IFA
Mouse Cytomegalovirus (MCMV)
ELISA
Herpesviridae
IFA
PCR
Mouse Thymic virus (MTV, MTLV)
Paramyxoviridae
MFIA/
IFA, HAI
Pneumonia virus of mice (PVM)
ELISA
Paramyxoviridae
MFIA/
IFA, HAI
Sendai virus (SEND, SEN)
ELISA
Parvoviridae
MFIA/
IFA, HAI
Parvovirus (MVM, MMV)
ELISA
Parvoviridae
MFIA/
IFA
Parvovirus (MPV 1,2)
ELISA
Picornaviridae (Cardiovirus)
MFIA/
Theiler's murine encephalomyelitis virus
IFA
ELISA
(TMEV, GD-VII)
Polyomaviridae
MFIA/
IFA
Mouse Pneumonitis virus (K)
ELISA
Polyomaviridae
MFIA/
IFA
Polyoma virus (POLY)
ELISA
Poxviridae (Othopoxvirus)
MFIA/
IFA
Ectromelia virus (ECTRO, ECT))
ELISA
Reoviridae
MFIA/
IFA, HAI
Reovirus (REO, REO3)
ELISA
Reoviridae
MFIA/
IFA
Mouse Rotavirus (EDIM, MRV)
ELISA
Abbreviations in the table – see also section diagnostic methods
%Pos
inst. [19]
Comment
0.02
FB
0.01
Zoonotic
B
Chem
B
32.3
1.6
PCR?
FB
>40%
0
FB
Zoonotic
0.04
B
B
B
0.01
B
0
B
0.3
~40%
FB
1.8
>90%
FB
0.26
FB
0
B
0.02
B
0.02
B
0.01
B
0.56
~30%
FB
Chem – plasma chemistry test for elevated lactate dehydrogenase activity
ELISA - Enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay
IFA - Indirect immunofluorescence assay
MFIA - multiplexed fluorometric immunoassay
HAI - Hemagglutination inhibition assay
PCR - Polymerase Chain reaction
cbrayton@jhmi.edu 2013
Page 10 of 14
Mouse Diseases Common Conditions (phenotypes) and Infectious Diseases TABLES only
Table V Bacteria in mice: Test methods and results (expressed as % positive results) from PritchettCorning, Cosentino, Clifford (2009),[14] and survey results from Carty 2008.[19] Agents in boldface were
detected in > 1% of specimens. Gram positive bacterial agents are shaded. The final column indicates if
PCR testing is commercially available for specimens from feces, oral or lung swab, or skin/fur swab.
% POS
Results[14]
% Pos
institution[19]
Agent
Method[14]
PCR?
Bordetella bronchiseptica
Culture
0.00
Feces
Cilia-associated respiratory bacillus
Serology
0.01
Oral/lung
Citrobacter rodentium
Culture
0.00
Feces
Culture
2
PCR
9
Skin swab
Feces
Corynebacterium bovis
Corynebacterium kutscheri
Culture
0.00
Helicobacter genus (any sp.)*
PCR
16.08
- Helicobacter hepaticus
PCR
12.37
Feces
- Helicobacter bilis
PCR
2.17
Feces
Klebsiella oxytoca
Culture
0.38
> 40%
Feces
Klebsiella pneumoniae
Culture
0.10
>30%
Feces
Culture
0.00
Serology
0.01
PCR
0.00
Pasteurella multocida
Culture
0.00
Pasteurella pneumotropica
Culture
12.90
Other Pasteurella species
Culture
0.31
Any Salmonella species
Culture
0.00
Feces
Staphylococcus aureus
Culture
6.07
Feces
Streptobacillus moniliformis
Culture
0.00
Feces
Streptococcus pneumoniae
Culture
0.00
Feces
Streptococcus sp. – β-haemolytic, Group B
Culture
0.24
Feces
Streptococcus sp. – β-haemolytic, Group G
Culture
0.00
Feces
Mycoplasma pulmonis
cbrayton@jhmi.edu 2013
~80%
Feces
<10%
Feces
>70%
Feces
Page 11 of 14
Mouse Diseases Common Conditions (phenotypes) and Infectious Diseases TABLES only
Table VI: Eukaryotes: Test methods and results from Pritchett-Corning, Cosentino, Clifford (2009),[14]
and survey results from Carty 2008. [19] The most common agents are in boldface. The final column
indicates if PCR testing is available for specimens from feces, oral or lung swab, or skin/fur swab.
Agent
Fungi
Encephalitozoon cuniculi
Pneumocystis spp (submissions from
immunodeficient mice)
Enteric Protozoa
Chilomastix sp.
Entamoeba sp.
Giardia sp.
Hexamastix sp.
Monocercomonoides sp.
Retortamonas sp.
Spironucleus sp.
Trichomonads
Metazoa – enteric
Oxyurids (pinworms)
Aspiculuris tetraptera
Syphacia muris
Syphacia obvelata
Metazoa – Surface, external
Lice
Fur Mites
Method[14]
%Pos
Results [14]
Serology
0.00
PCR
1
%Pos
institutions[19]
PCR?
Oral/ lung
Not evaluated
Wet mount
Wet mount
Wet mount
Wet mount
Wet mount
Wet mount
Wet mount
Wet mount
3.74
8.08
0.00
4.45
0.04
0.03
0.08
8.88
Feces
Feces
>70%
Direct
Direct
Direct
0.19
0.25
0.11
Direct
Direct
0.00
0.12
Feces
Feces
Feces
~40%
Fur swab
Table VIa protozoa in mice by type and by site of infection
Flagellates
Coccidia
Other
Stomach
Cryptosporidium muris
Duodenum
Giardia sp.
Spironucleus sp.
Large Intestine
Chilomastix sp.
Hexamastix sp.
Monocercomonoides sp.
Retortamonas sp.
Trichomonads
T muris, T diminuta etc
cbrayton@jhmi.edu 2013
Jejunum
Eimeria spp.
Ileum
Cryptosporidium parvum
Large Intestine
Entamoeba muris
Kidney
Klossiella muris
Muscle
Sarcocystis muris
Various tissues
Toxoplasma gondii
Kidney / Brain
[E cuniculi – now a fungus]
Page 12 of 14
Mouse Diseases Common Conditions (phenotypes) and Infectious Diseases TABLES only
Table VIb Features of common fur mites (oversimplified) [20]
Elongate body with
bulges between
the legs
1st pair of legs (tarsi)
are specialized for
hair clasping;
2nd pair of legs has
single empodial
claw
300-500u long
Elongate body with
bulges between the
legs
1st pair of legs (tarsi)
are specialized for
hair clasping;
2nd pair of legs has 2
unequal claws
Rounded-oval
T romboutsi
(formerly
M romboutsi)
Rounded-oval
3rd and 4th pairs of
legs (tarsi) are
short thick and
specialized for hair
clasping
3rd and 4th pairs of
legs (tarsi) are
short thick and
specialized for hair
clasping
300-500u long
Oval up to 250u long
Base of hair shaft
Feeds on interstitial
fluids
Deep among hairs
especially of dorsal
head neck
shoulders flank
Probably similar to
M musculi
Probably similar to
M musculi
Females oval 130x
350u
Males rounded <
200u diameter
Oval up to 450u long
Distal hair shaft
Feeds on superficial
keratin layer
Among hairs
especially of
inguinal skin and
ventrum
Females oval < 300u
long
Males rounded <
200u diameter
Probably similar to
M musculinus
Probably similar to
M musculinus
R affinis
(formerly M affinis)
M. musculi
Body shape
Distinguishing
features
Adult size
Eggs
Diet
Site on mouse
M. musculinus
TABLE VIc Comparison of features of Syphacia obvelata and Aspiculuris tetraptera [20] [21] [22]
Prepatent period
(egg to egg)
Infectious form
Larvae hatch from eggs
Adult Size
Aspiculuris tetraptera
21-25 days
Syphacia obvelata
11–15 days
S muris
7-8 days
Embryonated eggs
Cecum
2-4mm long,
< 200u wide
Embryonated eggs
Cecum
1-6mm long,
(males are shorter)
< 400u wide
Cecum lumen; females
transit colon to
deposit eggs at anus
350 per female all at
once
Not embryonated;
On perineum;
Embryonate within 24hr
~36u wide`, 134u long;
crescentic, flattened
on 1 side, pointed
ends
~ S obvelata
~ S obvelata
1-4mm long,
(males are shorter)
< 200u wide
~ S obvelata but eggs
deposited after
noon
all at once in
afternoon
Not embryonated;
On perineum;
Embryonate within
few hours
~30u wide, 75u long;
flattened on 1 side
Adult location
Colon lumen
# eggs
17 per female per day,
intermittently
Not embryonated
Shed in feces;
Embryonate in 5-8days
~40u wide, 90u long;
symmetric,
Unembryonated in fresh
feces
Eggs
cbrayton@jhmi.edu 2013
Page 13 of 14
Mouse Diseases Common Conditions (phenotypes) and Infectious Diseases TABLES only
WEB RESOURCES
1. Frith, C. H. and Ward, J. M. A Color Atlas of Neoplastic and Non Neoplastic Lesions in Aging Mice. 1988.
http://www.informatics.jax.org/frithbook/ also print on Demand from CL Davis Foundation
http://store.cldavis.org/
2. IMSR - FIND MICE AND ES CELL LINES http://www.findmice.org/index.jsp
3. Mouse (rat) and Gene NOMENCLATURE & apply for a laboratory code http://www.findmice.org/index.jsp
4. Mouse Phenome database - mouse data and protocols http://phenome.jax.org/
5. Mouse Tumor Biology (MTB) Database & tumor frequency grid
http://www.informatics.jax.org/mtbwi/index.do
6. Pathbase: European mutant mouse pathology database http://www.pathbase.net/
7. RENI Tissue trimming guide http://reni.item.fraunhofer.de/reni/trimming/index.php
8. Treuting’s virtual / digital slides corresponding to Treuting & Dintzis 2012.
http://repository.aperio.com/c/201/2/
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