TABLE OF CONTENTS
Section A: Environmental, Safety, Health and Quality Assurance Policy
Section B: Safety Policy
Section C: Communications
Section D: Drug-Free Work Place
Section E: Possession of Prohibited Items While Working
Section F: Smoking
Section G: Safety Training
Section H: Compliance
Section I: General Safety Rules
Sub-Section 1: Environmental, Safety, Health and Quality Assurance Policy
Personal Behavior.................................................................................1-1
Dress Code............................................................................................1-2
Equipment and Tools............................................................................1-3
Hand Tools............................................................................................1-4
Bench Grinder.......................................................................................1-5
Drill Press..............................................................................................1-6
Hydraulic Jacks and Porta-Powers........................................................1-7
Pneumatic Tools....................................................................................1-8
Portable Power Tools............................................................................1-9
Shop Fans, Heaters and Extension Cords.............................................1-10
Battery Chargers...................................................................................1-11
Slings.....................................................................................................1-12
Rigging..................................................................................................1-13
Hoisting Equipment..............................................................................1-14
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Compressed Air....................................................................................1-15
Compressed Gas Cylinders...................................................................1-16
Welding and Burning............................................................................1-17
Fire Protection.......................................................................................1-18
Barricades.............................................................................................1-19
Ladders..................................................................................................1-20
Scaffolds...............................................................................................1-21
Signs......................................................................................................1-22
Danger Tags..........................................................................................1-23
Permits..................................................................................................1-24
Excavations...........................................................................................1-25
Flammables...........................................................................................1-26
Safety Instructions................................................................................1-27
Housekeeping........................................................................................1-28
Job-Site Safety Audit (form).................................................................1-29
Sub-Section 2: Personal Protective Equipment (PPE)
Purpose..................................................................................................2-1
General Policy.......................................................................................2-2
Responsibilities.....................................................................................2-3
Management……………………………………………………………………… 2-3.1
Supervisors…………………………………………………………………………. 2-3.2
Employees..............................................................................2-3.3
General Rules .......................................................................................2-4
Design .....................................................................................2-4.1
Hazard assessment and equipment selection ........................2-4.2
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Defective and damaged equipment .......................................2-4.3
Training...................................................................................2-4.4
PPE Selection .......................................................................................2-5
Controlling hazards.................................................................2-5.1
Selection Guidelines...............................................................2-5.2
Fitting the Device....................................................................2-5.3
Devices with adjustable features............................................2-5.4
Eye and Face Protection ........................................................2-5.5
Typical hazards.......................................................................2-5.6
Eye / Face Protection Specifications......................................2-5.7
Eye & Face Protector Use ....................................................................2-6
Safety Spectacles ...................................................................2-6.1
Single Lens Goggles ................................................................2-6.2
Welders/Chippers Goggles .....................................................2-6.3
Face Shields ............................................................................2-6.4
Welding Shields ......................................................................2-6.5
Head Protection ....................................................................................2-7
Selection guidelines for head protection ................................2-7.1
Foot Protection .....................................................................................2-8
General Requirements .............................................................2-8.1
Selection guidelines for foot protection ..................................2-8.2
Hand Protection ...................................................................................2-9
General Requirements .............................................................2-9.1
Selection guidelines for hand protection .................................2-9.2
Selection of gloves for chemical hazards .................................2-9.3
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Sub-Section 3: LEAD/CADMIUM SAFETY PROGRAM
Purpose..................................................................................................3-1
Responsibilities......................................................................................3-2
Management............................................................................3-2.1
Supervisors................................................................................3-2.2
Employees.............................................................................................3-2.3
Process, Control & Technical Information.............................................3-3
Hazards..................................................................................................3-4
Short-term................................................................................3-4.1
Long-term.................................................................................3-4.2
Monitoring.............................................................................................3-5
Initial Determination.................................................................3-5.1
Monitoring Requirements.........................................................3-5.2
Monitoring Frequency............................................................................3-6
At or Above Action Level and Below PEL………………………………….3-6.1
Above PEL...............................................................................................3-6.2
Additional Monitoring.................................................................3-6.3
Employee Notification of Monitoring Results............................3-6.4
Observation of Monitoring.........................................................3-6.5
Observation procedures.............................................................3-6.6
Engineering Controls................................................................................3-7
Mechanical Ventilation.............................................................................3-8
Recirculation of air.......................................................................3-8.1
Administrative Controls...............................................................3-8.2
Respirators................................................................................................3-9
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Respirators must be used during.................................................3-9.1
Protective Clothing & Equipment..............................................................3-10
Cleaning and Replacement...........................................................3-10.1
Housekeeping............................................................................................3-11
Hygiene Facilities and Practices.................................................................3-12
Change Rooms...........................................................................................3-13
Showers.....................................................................................................3-14
Lunch rooms..............................................................................................3-15
Lavatories..................................................................................................3-16
Signs...........................................................................................................3-17
Employee Training.....................................................................................3-18
Employee training consists of ......................................................3-18.1
Medical Surveillance Program...................................................................3-19
Record Keeping.........................................................................................3-20
Exposure monitoring....................................................................3-20.1
Medical Surveillance.....................................................................3-20.2
Medical removals ……………………………………………………………………….3-20.3
Lead Health Hazard Information for Employees........................................3-21
Reporting Signs and Symptoms....................................................3-21.1
Exposure Levels.............................................................................3-21.2
Formula........................................................................................3-21.3
Sub-Section 4: CADMIUM AND OTHER HEAVY METALS SAFETY PROGRAM
Purpose…………………………………………………………………………………………….…4-1
Scope ....................................................................................................4-2
Responsibilities ....................................................................................4-3
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Hazard Data .........................................................................................4-4
Cadmium ................................................................................4-4.1
Acute Exposures ........................................................4-4.1.1
Chronic Exposures .....................................................4-4.1.2
Arsenic .................................................................................................4-4.2
Acute Exposures ........................................................4-4.2.1
Chronic Exposures .....................................................4-4.2.2
PERMISSIBLE EXPOSURE LIMITS ..............................................4-4.3
Action Level ...............................................................4-4.3.1
Permissible Exposure Limit (PEL) ...............................4-4.3.2
EMPLOYEE EXPOSURE ASSESSMENTS ..................................................4-5
REDUCING EMPLOYEE EXPOSURE ........................................................4-6
Substitution ............................................................................4-6.1
Engineering .............................................................................4-6.2
Administrative Controls ..........................................................4-6.3
Personal Protective Equipment (PPE) .....................................4-6.4
Respirators ..............................................................................4-6.5
Hygiene ...................................................................................4-6.6
Emergency Eyewash and Shower ...........................................4-6.7
SIGNAGE AND LABELING ......................................................................4-7
Regulated Areas .....................................................................4-7.1
Container Labels ....................................................................4-7.2
STANDARD OPERATING PROCEDURES ................................................4-8
EMPLOYEE INFORMATION AND TRAINING .........................................4-9
MEDICAL SURVEILLANCE .....................................................................4-10
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Medical Removal ...................................................................4-10.1
SPILLS ...................................................................................................4-11
DISPOSAL .............................................................................................4-12
STORAGE .............................................................................................4-13
EMERGENCY PLAN ..............................................................................4-14
MAINTAINANCE ..................................................................................4-15
Sub-Section 5: Respiratory Protection Program
Purpose..............................................................................................5-1
Administration...................................................................................5-2
Management Responsibilities............................................................5-3
Employee Responsibilities..................................................................5-4
Definitions..........................................................................................5-5
Air-Line Supplied Air Respiratory Equipment........................5-5.1
Air Purifying Respirator.........................................................5-5.2
Approved...............................................................................5-5.3
Air Purifying Cartridge............................................................5-5.4
Emergency Respirator Use....................................................5-5.5
Hazardous Atmosphere.........................................................5-5.6
Pressure Demand...................................................................5-5.7
Sanitization.............................................................................5-5.8
Self-Contained Breathing Air Apparatus (SCBA).....................5-5.9
Single Use Respirator..............................................................5-5.10
Sorbent....................................................................................5-5.11
Time Weighed Average (TWA)................................................5-5.12
Oxygen Deficient Atmosphere................................................5-5.13
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Particulate Contaminates........................................................5-5.14
Gaseous Contaminates............................................................5-5.15
Immediately Dangerous to Life and Health.............................5-5.16
Program Requirements.........................................................................5-6
Leaving a Hazardous Area........................................................5-6.1
Respiratory Equipment Selection.............................................5-6.2
Training.....................................................................................5-6.3
Respiratory Fit Testing..............................................................5-6.4
Facial Hair.................................................................................5-6.5
Spectacles.................................................................................5-6.6
Respiratory Sealing Test...........................................................5-6.7
Inspection, Maintenance and Storage......................................5-6.8
Procedures for All Breathing Air Jobs....................................................5-7
General Guidelines....................................................................5-7.1
Pre-Job Procedures to Be Completed at Shop..........................5-7.2
Job Site Procedures...................................................................5-7.3
Post-Job Procedures to Be Completed at Site..........................5-7.4
Post-Job Procedures to be completed at Shop........................5-7.5
Supplied Air-Breathing Apparatus..........................................................5-8
Supplied Breathing Air Usage....................................................5-8.1
Supplied Breathing Air Use in a Confined Space.......................5-8.2
Self-Contained Breathing Apparatus.........................................5-8.3
5-Minute SCA-PAC Egress System.................................5-8.3.1
30-Minute SCBA............................................................5-8.3.2
45-Minute SCBA............................................................5-8.3.3
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60-Minute CBA..............................................................5-8.3.4
Physical and Medical Qualifications........................................................5-9
Medical Evaluation Required...................................................................5-10
Medical Evaluation Procedures...............................................................5-11
Follow-up Medical Examination.................................................5-11.1
Administration of the Medical Questionnaire and Exams..........5-11.2
Supplemental Information for the Physician..............................5-11.3
Medical Determination...............................................................5-11.4
Additional Medical Evaluations................................................................5-12
Sub-Section 6: Benzene Program
Purpose.....................................................................................................6-1
Policy.........................................................................................................6-2
Benzene........................................................................................6-2.1
Exposure.......................................................................................6-2.2
OSHA................................................................................6-2.2.1
NIOSH...............................................................................6-2.2.2
ACGIH...............................................................................6-2.2.3
WAYS OF REDUCING EXPOSURE................................................................6-3
WORKPLACE CONTROLS AND PRACTICES..................................................6-4
Work Practices..............................................................................6-4.1
PERSONAL PROTECTIVE EQUIPMENT........................................................6-5
Clothing........................................................................................6-5.1
Eye Protection..............................................................................6-5.2
Respiratory Protection..............................................................................6-6
IMPROPER USE OF RESPIRATORS ................................................6-6.1
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HEALTH HAZARD INFORMATION...............................................................6-7
Acute Health Effects.....................................................................6-7.1
Chronic Health Effects..................................................................6-7.2
Reproductive Hazard.....................................................................6-7.3
Other Long-Term Effects...............................................................6-7.4
MEDICAL.....................................................................................................6-8
Medical Testing .............................................................................6-8.1
Sub-Section 7: Hydrogen Sulfide Program
Purpose..................................................................................................7-1
Properties and Characteristics...............................................................7-2
Effects and Exposure..............................................................................7-3
Exposure Controls..................................................................................7-4
Emergency Procedures..........................................................................7-5
Client/Owner Facilities...........................................................................7-6
Sub-Section 8: Hazard Communication
Introduction..............................................................................8-1
Responsibilities.........................................................................8-2
Management................................................................8-2.1
Shipping & Receiving Manager.....................................8-2.2
Purchasing Agent..........................................................8-2.3
Safety Manager.............................................................8-2.4
Company Nurse..............................................................8-2.5
Supervisors....................................................................8-2.6
Employees.....................................................................8-2.7
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Contractors....................................................................8-2.8
General Program Information.....................................................8-3
Employee Training..........................................................8-3.1
Initial Orientation Training................................8-3.1.1
Job Specific Training..........................................8-3.1.2
Annual Refresher Training.................................8-3.1.3
Immediate On-the-Spot Training.......................8-3.1.4
Non-Routine Tasks.............................................8-3.1.5
Steps for Non-Routine Tasks..............................8-3.1.6
Off-site use or transportation of chemicals.................................8-4
General Chemical Safety..............................................................8-5
Assume all chemicals are hazardous...............................8-5.1
The following general safety rules..................................8-5.2
Task Evaluation...............................................................8-5.3
Chemical Storage............................................................8-5.4
Container Labels.............................................................8-5.5
Emergencies and Spills...................................................8-5.6
Housekeeping..................................................................8-5.7
Contractors......................................................................8-5.8
Definitions.......................................................................8-5.9
Chemicals...........................................................8-5.9.1
Combustible liquid..............................................8-5.9.2
Compressed Gas.................................................8-5.9.3
Container.............................................................8-5.9.4
Employee.............................................................8-5.9.5
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Employer..............................................................8-5.9.6
Explosive..............................................................8-5.9.7
Exposure or exposed...........................................8-5.9.8
Flammable............................................................8-5.9.9
Flash point...........................................................8-5.9.10
Hazardous chemical.............................................8-5.9.11
Hazard warning....................................................8-5.9.12
Health hazard.......................................................8-5.9.13
Identity..................................................................8-5.9.14
Immediate use......................................................8-5.9.15
Label......................................................................8-5.9.16
Material safety data sheet (MSDS).......................8-5.9.17
Mixture..................................................................8-5.9.18
Oxidizer..................................................................8-5.9.19
Physical hazard......................................................8-5.9.20
Pyrophoric..............................................................8-5.9.21
Specific chemical identity......................................8-5.9.22
Unstable (reactive)................................................8-5.9.23
Use..........................................................................8-5.9.24
Water-reactive.......................................................8-5.9.25
Work area..............................................................8-5.9.26
Workplace...............................................................8-5.9.27
MSDS Information.............................................................................8-6
Material Safety Data Sheets................................................8-6.1
Information Chemical Users Must Know..........................................8-7
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Fire and/or Explosion Information.......................................8-7.1
Chemical Reaction Information............................................8-7.2
Control Measures.................................................................8-7.3
Health Hazards.....................................................................8-7.4
Spill & Leak Procedures........................................................8-7.5
Employee Use of MSDS.....................................................................8-8
For MSDS use to be effective, employees must...................8-8.1
Uniform Labeling System......................................................8-8.2
Hazards..............................................................................................8-9
Health Hazards......................................................................8-9.1
Fire Hazard............................................................................8-9.2
Reactivity...............................................................................8-9.3
Other Hazards........................................................................8-9.4
Hazard Controls include......................................................................8-10
Chemical Labels – HMIS......................................................................8-11
Hazards...................................................................................8-11.1
Health Hazards..........................................................8-11.1.1
Flammability...........................................................................8-11.2
Reactivity................................................................................8-11.3
Hazard Controls include......................................................................8-12
Sub-Section 9: Lockout/Tagout
The Control of Hazardous Energy........................................................9-1
General...................................................................................9-1.1
Training...................................................................................9-1.2
Procedure-Individual...........................................................................9-2
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Preparation for Lock-Out or Tag-Out......................................9-2.1
Lock-Out or Tag-Out System Procedure..................................9-2.2
Restoring Equipment to Normal Operations...........................9-2.3
Authorized Employee..............................................................9-2.4
Affected Employee..................................................................9-2.5
Client Procedures....................................................................9-2.6
Industrial Safety Training.....................................................................9-3
Annual Renewal...................................................................................9-4
Annual Inspection................................................................................9-5
Testing Equipment to Ensure Power if Off...........................................9-6
Temporary Interruption.......................................................................9-7
Procedure-Group.................................................................................9-8
Outside Service or Contractor Personnel.............................................9-9
Machine, Equipment Operation Specific List.......................................9-10
Sub-Section 10: Confined Space Entry
General..................................................................................................10-1
Preparation of Confined Space............................................................10-2
Testing Confined Space Atmosphere...................................................10-3
Confined Space Entry Permits..............................................................10-4
Key Elements for Entry Permits............................................................10-5
Personal Protective Equipment............................................................10-6
Standby Person and Rescue.................................................................10-7
Rescue Plan.............................................................................10-7.1
Employee Training..................................................................10-7.2
Duties......................................................................................10-7.3
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Attendant...................................................................10-7.3.1
Entrant.......................................................................10-7.3.2
Entry Supervisor.........................................................10-7.3.3
Sub- Section 11: Hearing Conservation
Program Requirements.......................................................................11-1
Hearing Protection..............................................................................11-2
Training Protection..............................................................................11-3
Audiometric Testing.............................................................................11-4
Sub-Section 12: Vehicle Safety
Vehicle Safety Rules.............................................................................12-1
Jump Starting a Vehicle.......................................................................12-2
Sub-Section 13: Electrical Safety
Purpose................................................................................................13-1
Responsibilities....................................................................................13-2
Management...........................................................................13-2.1
Employees...............................................................................13-2.2
Hazard Control.....................................................................................13-3
Engineering Controls...............................................................13-3.1
Administrative Controls...........................................................13-3.2
Protective Equipment..............................................................13-3.3
Electrical Equipment................................................................13-3.4
Examination................................................................13-3.4.1
Identification of Disconnecting Means and Circuits...13-4.3.2
Definition of Terms...............................................................................13-4
Qualified Worker......................................................................13-4.1
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Unqualified...............................................................................13-4.2
Training.................................................................................................13-5
Training for Unqualified Employees.........................................13-5.1
Electrical Safety Rules for Non-Qualified Workers...................13-5.2
Training for Qualified Employees.............................................13-5.3
Personal Protective Equipment................................................13-5.4
Electrical PPE Inspection Schedule...........................................13-5.5
Electrical Lockout & Tagout Requirements...........................................13-6
Working at Elevated Locations..............................................................13-7
General Protective Equipment and Tools.................................13-7.1
Warning and Barricades............................................................13-7.2
Powered Equipment Safety Rules.............................................13-7.3
Electrical Circuit Safety Procedures..........................................13-7.4
Standard Operating Procedure..............................................................13-8
Electrical Pre-Work Procedure..................................................13-8.1
Standard Operating Procedure..............................................................13-9
Working on Near Exposed Energized Circuits...........................13-9.1
Vehicular and mechanical equipment.......................................13-9.2
Standard Operating Procedure..............................................................13-10
Re-energizing Electrical Circuits ...............................................13-10.1
Assured Grounding Program.................................................................13-11
Introduction..............................................................................13-11.1
Proper Installation...................................................................13-11.2
Visual Inspections....................................................................13-11.3
Testing.....................................................................................13-11.4
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Recording.................................................................................13-11.5
Safe Practices...........................................................................13-11.6
Ground-Fault Circuit Interrupters (GFCI).................................13-11.7
Sub-Section 14: Accident and Injury Reporting
Injury Reporting....................................................................................14-1
First-Aid Injuries....................................................................................14-1.1
OSHA Recordable Injuries....................................................................14-1.2
Lost Tine Injuries...................................................................................14-1.3
Fatality..................................................................................................14-1.4
Vehicle Accidents..................................................................................14-1.5
Accident Investigation..........................................................................14-2
Purpose.................................................................................................14-2.1
Procedure..............................................................................................14-2.2
Sub-Section 15: Permit Requirements
Permits..................................................................................................15-1
Competent Person.................................................................................15-2
Designating the Competent Person.......................................................15-3
Qualifications.........................................................................................15-4
Responsibilities......................................................................................15-5
Sub-Section 16: Process Safety Management
Overview...............................................................................................16-1
Training..................................................................................................16-1.1
Reporting Near Misses or Incidents.......................................................16-1.2
Sub-Section 17: Process Safety Management of Highly Hazardous Chemicals
Reporting Near Misses or Incidents......................................................17-1
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Trade Secret Information......................................................................17-2
Sub-Section 18: Emergency Action Plan
Purpose..................................................................................................18-1
Scope.....................................................................................................18-2
Application............................................................................................18-3
Standard Guideline................................................................................18-4
Statement of Responsibility..................................................................18-5
Spill/Release.........................................................................................18-6
Fire/Explosion.......................................................................................18-7
Sub-Section 19: First Aid/CPR
First Aid................................................................................................19-1
Medical Records...................................................................................19-2
Blood Borne Diseases...........................................................................19-3
Drenching and Flushing........................................................................19-4
Exposure Controls.................................................................................19-5
Reporting and Recordkeeping...............................................................19-6
Job Safety Analysis...............................................................................19-7
First Aid Kit...........................................................................................19-8
First Aid Log (Form)...............................................................................19-9
First Aid/CPR.........................................................................................19-10
Medical Emergencies............................................................................19-11
Sub-Section 20: SCAFFOLD USER PROGRAM
Purpose..................................................................................................20-1
Training……………………………………………………………………………………………….20-2
Scaffold Types........................................................................................20-3
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Sub-Section 21: Substance Abuse Policy
Intent.....................................................................................................21-1
Scope.....................................................................................................21-2
Policy.....................................................................................................21-3
Employee Sign Sheet.............................................................................21-4
Sub-Section 22: Blood Borne Pathogen Program
Purpose..................................................................................................22-1
Responsibilities.....................................................................................22-2
Definitions.............................................................................................22-3
Biological Hazard...................................................................................22-3.1
Medical Waste/Infectious Waste.........................................................22-3.2
Universal Precautions...........................................................................22-3.3
Hazard Control......................................................................................22-4
Engineering Controls............................................................................22-4.1
Administrative Controls.......................................................................22-4.2
Reporting and Recordkeeping..............................................................22-5
Training.................................................................................................22-6
Hepatitis B Virus (HBI) Vaccine.............................................................22-7
Post Exposure Treatment and Notification Procedures.......................22-8
General Procedures..............................................................................22-9
Medical Wastes....................................................................................22-10
Cuts.......................................................................................................22-11
Blood Exposure.....................................................................................22-12
Infection Control Plan...........................................................................22-13
Universal Precautions...........................................................................22-14
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Waste Disposal Plan.............................................................................22-15
PPE for Worker Protection against HIV and HBV Transmission...........22-16
Blood Borne Pathogens........................................................................22-17
Universal Precaution and General Safety Rules...................................22-17.1
Control of Blood Borne Pathogens Program........................................22-18
Medical Waste Treatment and Disposal Procedures...........................22-18.1
Hepatitis B Vaccine Consent Form.......................................................22-19
Sub-Section 23: Conduct and Disciplinary Action Policy
Conduct and Disciplinary Action..........................................................23-1
Group I.................................................................................................23-1.1
Group II................................................................................................23-1.2
Disciplinary Procedure.........................................................................23-2
Sub-Section 24: Fall Protection Program
Background..........................................................................................24-1
General................................................................................................24-2
Responsibility......................................................................................24-3
Contents of the Fall Protection Program.............................................24-4
Written Program.....................................................................24-4.1
Statement of Policy.................................................................24-4.2
Workplace Evaluation.............................................................24-4.3
Training...................................................................................24-4.4
Fall Hazard Control Procedures..............................................24-4.5
Protective Materials and Hardware.......................................24-4.6
Fall Protection Systems..........................................................24-4.7
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Guardrail Systems..................................................................24-4.8
Safety Net Systems................................................................24-4.9
Warning Line Systems............................................................24-4.10
Controlled Access Zones........................................................24-4.11
Additional Fall Protection Requirements...............................24-4.12
Protection from Falling Objects.............................................24-4.13
Fall Protection Plan.............................................................................24-5
Subcontractor Responsibilities...........................................................24-6
Definitions...........................................................................................24-7
Anchorage..............................................................................24-7.1
Body Belt................................................................................24-7.2
Body Harness.........................................................................24-7.3
Competent person.................................................................24-7.4
Connector..............................................................................24-7.5
Deceleration device...............................................................24-7.6
Energy shock absorber...........................................................24-7.7
Failure....................................................................................24-7.8
Fall arrest system...................................................................24-7.9
Free Fall..................................................................................24-7.10
Free Fall (distance).................................................................24-7.11
Hole........................................................................................24-7.12
Lanyard...................................................................................24-7.13
Leading edge...........................................................................24-7.14
Lifeline.....................................................................................24-7.15
Opening...................................................................................24-7.16
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Personal fall arrest system......................................................24-7.17
Positioning device system.......................................................24-7.18
Qualified person......................................................................24-7.19
Retractable lifeline..................................................................24-7.20
Rope grab................................................................................24-7.21
Safety-monitoring system.......................................................24-7.22
Self-retracting lifeline/lanyard................................................24-7.23
Snaphook................................................................................24-7.24
Toeboard.................................................................................24-7.25
Walking/Working surface........................................................24-7.26
Working Line System……………………………………………………………..24-7.27
Work area.................................................................................24-7.28
Sub-Section 25: Driver Safety HM232 Security Plan
Purpose……………………………………………………………………………………………..25-1
Potential Threats…………………………………………………………………….…………25-2
Training /Background Checks……………………………………………..…………....25-3
Unauthorized Access………………………………………………………………….……..25-4
Security Measures While in Transit/Storage……………………………………..25-5
Shipping Papers………………………………………………………………………………….25-6
Proper Placarding……………………………………………………...........................25-7
Sub-Section 26: Office Safety
Purpose.................................................................................................26-1
Responsibility........................................................................................26-2
Noise Hazards........................................................................................26-3
Reducing Noise......................................................................................26-4
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Electrical Safety.....................................................................................26-5
Housekeeping........................................................................................26-6
Computer Work Stations.......................................................................26-7
Office Lighting......................................................................................26-8
Indoor Air Quality................................................................................26-9
Waste Disposal....................................................................................26-10
Chemical Safety...................................................................................26-11
Emergency Action Plans......................................................................26-12
Sub-Section 27: Heat Stress Prevention
Purpose...............................................................................................27-1
Responsibilities...................................................................................27-2
Hazard Control....................................................................................27-3
Engineering Controls..............................................................27-3.1
Administrative Controls..........................................................27-3.2
Protective Equipment..........................................................................27-4
How the Body Handles Heat................................................................27-5
Safety Problems...................................................................................27-6
Health Problems..................................................................................27-7
Heat Stroke..........................................................................................27-8
Heat Exhaustion...................................................................................27-9
Heat Cramps.........................................................................................27-10
Fainting.................................................................................................27-11
Transient Heat Fatigue.........................................................................27-12
Preparing for the Heat..........................................................................27-13
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Lessening Stressful Conditions..............................................................27-14
Number and Duration of Exposures.....................................................27-15
Thermal Conditions in the Workplace.................................................27-16
Rest Areas............................................................................................27-17
Drinking Water.....................................................................................27-18
Protective Clothing...............................................................................27-19
Employee Awareness...........................................................................27-20
Special Considerations.........................................................................27-21
Sub-Section 28: Hazwoper/RCRA Program Site Safety Plan
Subject.................................................................................................28-1
Regulatory Standard............................................................................28-2
Basis........................................................................................28-2.1
General...................................................................................28-2.2
Responsibility..........................................................................28-2.3
Contents of the Hazwoper Program....................................................28-3
Written Program.....................................................................28-3.1
Purpose...................................................................................28-3.2
Safety and health program.....................................................28-3.3
Site excavation........................................................................28-3.4
Contractors and sub-contractors............................................28-3.5
Program availability................................................................28-3.6
Organizational structure part of a site program.....................28-3.7
Comprehensive work plan part of a site program..................28-3.8
Site-specific safety and health plan........................................28-3.9
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Site characterization and analysis..........................................28-3.10
Training..................................................................................28-3.11
Staff........................................................................................28-3.12
Definitions...........................................................................................28-4
Level 1 First responder...........................................................28-4.1
Level 2 First responder...........................................................28-4.2
Level 3 HAZMAT Technician...................................................28-4.3
Level 4 HAZMAT Specialist.....................................................28-4.4
Level 5 On-scene Commander...............................................28-4.5
Qualifications of Trainers……………………………………………………28-4.6
Training Certifications…………………………………………………………28-4.7
Emergency Response…………………………………………………………28-4.8
Refresher Training………………………………………………………………28-4.9
Equivalent Training……………………………………………………………..28-4.10
Medical surveillance...........................................................................28-5
Engineering controls, work practices, and personal protective equipment for
employee protection..........................................................................28-6
General spill procedure..........................................................28-6.1
Liquid Spill Procedure.............................................................28-6.2
Definitions...........................................................................................28-7
Buddy system.........................................................................28-7.1
Clean-up operation.................................................................28-7.2
Decontamination....................................................................28-7.3
Emergency response corresponding ......................................28-7.4
Facility.....................................................................................28-7.5
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Hazardous materials response (HAZMAT)..............................28-7.6
Hazardous substance..............................................................28-7.7
Hazardous waste.....................................................................28-7.8
Hazardous waste operation....................................................28-7.9
Hazardous waste site..............................................................28-7.10
Health hazard..........................................................................28-7.11
IDLH.........................................................................................28-7.12
Oxygen deficiency...................................................................28-7.13
Permissible exposure limit......................................................28-7.14
Published exposure level.........................................................28-7.15
Post emergency response........................................................28-7.16
Qualified person.......................................................................28-7.17
Site safety and health supervisor.............................................28-7.18
Small quantity generator.........................................................28-7.19
Uncontrolled hazardous waste site.........................................28-7.20
General Site Safety Plan.......................................................................28-8
Introduction............................................................................28-8.1
Services....................................................................................28-8.2
Chemical Safety and Health Hazards.......................................28-8.3
Hot Zone..................................................................................28-8.4
Instrumentation and Monitoring.............................................28-8.5
Personnel Decontamination.................................................................28-9
Work Practices......................................................................................28-10
Personnel..............................................................................................28-11
Site Safety Review Form……………………………………………………………..……28-12
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Sub-Section 29: Safety Plan 2006
Zero Injuries/Incidents........................................................................29-1
Sub-Section 30: Fire Prevention Plan
Objective.............................................................................................30-1
Background.........................................................................................30-2
Assignment of Responsibility..............................................................30-3
Plan Administrator.................................................................30-3.1
Supervisors.............................................................................30-3.2
Employees..............................................................................30-3.3
Plan Implementation..............................................................30-3.4
Good Housekeeping............................................................................30-4
Maintenance...........................................................................30-4.1
Types of Hazards..................................................................................30-5
Electrical Fire Hazard...............................................................30-5.1
Portable Heaters......................................................................30-5.2
Office Fire Hazards...................................................................30-5.3
Cutting, Welding, and Open Flame Work.................................30-5.4
Flammable and Combustible Materials....................................30-5.5
Class A Combustibles...................................................30-5.5.1
Class B Combustibles...................................................30-5.5.2
Smoking....................................................................................30-5.6
Training.....................................................................................30-5.7
Program Review........................................................................30-5.8
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Appendix A – Fire Risk Survey (form).....................................................30-6
Appendix B – General Fire Prevention Checklist (form).........................30-7
Appendix C – Exits Checklist (form)........................................................30-8
Appendix D – Flammable and Combustible Materials Checklist (form)..30-9
Sub-Section 31: Crane & Hoist Safety
Purpose...................................................................................................31-1
Responsibilities........................................................................................31-2
Supervisors..................................................................................31-2.1
Crane and Hoist Operators..........................................................31-2.2
Engineering/Maintenance Dept..................................................31-2.3
Safety Dept..................................................................................31-2.4
Safe Operating Requirements..................................................................31-3
Crane & Hoist Operators.............................................................31-3.1
Crane & Hoist Safety Design Requirements................................31-3.2
General Safety Rules................................................................................31-4
Operation Rules.......................................................................................31-5
Pre-operational Test...................................................................31-5.1
Moving a Load............................................................................31-5.2
Parking a Crane or Hoist.............................................................31-5.3
General Rigging Safety Requirements........................................31-5.4
Rigging a Load.............................................................................31-5.5
Crane Overloading......................................................................31-5.6
Working at Heights on Cranes or Hoists.....................................31-5.7
Power Lines………………………………………………………………………………31-5.8
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Hand Signals................................................................................31-5.9
Inspection, Maintenance, and Testing........................................31-5.10
Monthly Tests and Inspections...................................................31-5.11
Annual Inspections......................................................................31-5.12
Load Testing................................................................................31-5.13
Records.......................................................................................31-5.14
References..................................................................................31-5.15
Sub-Section 32: Hot Work Safety Procedures
Purpose...................................................................................................32-1
Responsibilities........................................................................................32-2
Management...............................................................................32-2.1
Supervisors..................................................................................32-2.2
Employees...................................................................................32-2.3
Definitions................................................................................................32-3
Welding/Hot Works Procedure...................................................32-3.1
Examples of Hot Works...............................................................32-3.2
Special Hazard Occupancies........................................................32-3.3
Hazards.....................................................................................................32-4
Training.....................................................................................................32-5
Hot Works Procedures..............................................................................32-6
Welding & Hot Work fire prevention measures.......................................32-7
Welding Standard Operating Procedures.................................................32-8
SOP – Electric Welding.................................................................32-8.1
SOP: Gas Welding.........................................................................32-8.2
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Remove flammables and combustibles........................................32-8.3
Equipment Maintenance…………………………………………………………………………32-9
Sub-Section 33: Excavation
Purpose .....................................................................................................33-1
Scope..........................................................................................................33-2
References..................................................................................................33-3
Responsibilities...........................................................................................33-4
Definitions...................................................................................................33-5
Hazards........................................................................................................33-6
Hazard Controls...........................................................................................33-7
Competent Person Responsibilities..............................................................33-8
Excavation Safety Plan..................................................................................33-9
Soil Classification and Identification.............................................................33-10
Soil Test and Identification............................................................................33-11
Excavation Protection Systems......................................................................33-12
Sloping and Benching Systems.......................................................................33-13
Shoring Systems.............................................................................................33-14
Shield Systems (trench boxes)........................................................................33-15
Safety Precautions for Shield Systems............................................................33-16
Personal Protective Equipment.....................................................................33-17
Inspections.....................................................................................................33-18
Training..........................................................................................................33-19
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Sub-Section 34: Short Service Employee Program
Purpose .....................................................................................................35-1
Scope..........................................................................................................35-2
Definitions..................................................................................................35-3
Short Service Employee Program…………………………………………………………….35-4
Procedures………………………………………………………………………………….35-4.1
Responsibilities……………………………………………………………………………35-4.2
Crew Designation………………………………………………………………………..35-4.3
Sub-Section 35: VENDOR APPROVAL PROCEDURE
35-1: OBJECTIVE
35-2: SCOPE
35-3: RESPONSIBILITIES
35-4: PROCEDURE
35-5: VENDOR PERFORMANCE
35-6: CORRECTIVE ACTIONS REQUESTS
35-7: LOSS OF APPROVED STATUS
35-8: RECORD
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SECTION ‘A’: Environmental, Safety, Health, and Quality Assurance Policy
Environmental, Safety, Health, and Quality Assurance Policy Statement:
The management of Vast Construction LLC. is committed to a continuing effort to provide quality service
to our customers that meet or exceed their requirements and in a manner that is protective of the
environment and the safety and health of our employees, the customer's personnel and the general
public.
We pledge to conduct our services according to the following principles:
* Abide by all laws, rules, regulations, and procedures of all federal, state, and local
governmental agencies.
* Abide by all requirements of our customers.
* Train our employees to perform their services for our customers without undue risk to
themselves, any other person, or the environment.
* Establish procedures and guidelines for company management, employees and subcontractors to follow to prevent injuries, illnesses and damage to equipment, property, and or
the environment. These procedures and safety guidelines will be reviewed on an annual basis by
the Corporate Safety Director and Management and revised as needed.
* Maintain an effective quality assurance program to assure clients that the equipment and the
components meet or exceed the requirements of their specifications and all applicable codes,
standards, and regulations.
The obligation to fulfill this policy and the rules, regulations, and procedures issued by the various
agencies and/or customers is the responsibility of management and each employee. Any employee who
violates any of these established rules or procedures will be subjected to appropriate disciplinary action,
up to and including termination of employment.
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SECTION ‘B’: SAFETY POLICY
Safety Policy:
It is our belief that all injuries are preventable through proper training, complete job hazard analysis,
effective job execution and personal commitment to safety, we can provide each employee an accident
free work place. Vast Construction, LLC. has taken careful note of all safety requirements and recognizes
its responsibility to provide employees and subcontractors with a safe and substance abuse free facility
and to properly maintain equipment. All employees will review Vast Construction’s various safety
related policies as part of new hire orientation. Employees are required to follow these policies as a
condition of employment. Any employee desirous of additional training or explanation of these policies
should make request of any member of the safety committee or management team. It is equally the
responsibility of each employee, including subcontractors, to do everything possible to avoid injury to
himself/herself and others, to exercise prudent judgment, and to report all unsafe conditions or
potential unsafe conditions immediately to his/her immediate supervisor. It is also the responsibility of
each employee to report all accidents, incidents, or potential incidents, no matter how small,
immediately to his/her supervisor. Any accident, incident, or potential incident reported will be
investigated as soon as is practical. The review committee should consist of the person initiating the
review, job supervisor, safety committee member, management representative, and any other
interested parties. The results of these investigations shall be reviewed by the safety committee and
action plan developed to prevent future occurrence. It is the responsibility of each employee to adhere
to and familiarize themselves with Vast Construction, LLC's Safety Programs and Hazard Communication
Program, both of which are documented in manuals available for review. Employees are also expected
to make use of the Company's manuals regarding the use of equipment and tools. Employees are also
encouraged to make suggestions relating to any part of our capabilities. It is the responsibility of each
employee to report to his/her supervisor if a given task is beyond the scope of their ability or training.
Employees are encouraged to speak with their immediate supervisor if they have any questions
regarding the proper way to perform a specific task.
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SECTION ‘C’: COMMUNICATIONS
Communications:
During the initial employment orientation, workers will be informed of the importance of working safe.
A copy of the Company's accident and injury program will be given to each employee. The accident and
injury program will be continually upgraded on an as needed basis. Weekly safety meetings will be held.
Topics will include safety items particular to the work being performed. Tool box/JSA safety meetings
will be held before the start of every job. Topics will include specific job assignments, area hazards,
communication techniques, and other information relevant to the task being performed. Employees are
encouraged to make suggestions concerning safety and health practices. Suggestions may be made
directly to an immediate supervisor or to the safety staff of the Company. Employees making such
suggestions and/or reporting unsafe conditions will not be subject to reprisal. A Safety Committee has
been established for Vast Construction, LLC. The committee will:
* Meet on a regular basis, but not less than once each quarter.
* Make available to all employees written reports on the safety and health issues discussed at
each meeting.
* Review results of the periodic work site inspections, all accident investigations, and any
alleged hazardous conditions and/or unsafe work practices brought to the attention of the
committee.
* Submit recommendations to management to assist in the abatement of unsafe conditions or
to implement safe work suggestions offered by employees.
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SECTION ‘D’: DRUG FREE WORK PLACE
Drug Free Work Place:
In meeting our responsibility to our clients, it has long been Vast Construction, LLC.'s policy not to
employ persons who use illegal drugs or abuse alcohol. The Company's policy on drug use and alcohol
abuse related not only to activity occurring during working hours, but also includes drug use and alcohol
abuse occurring outside working hours which either impairs an employee's ability to perform his or her
job duties or which reflects adversely in the public's eye on the Company's ability to meet its
responsibilities to its clients. To meet our goal of drug-free workplace, if there is reason to believe an
employee is not drug free or is abusing alcohol or is having a medical problem, the employee may be
required to undergo a medical evaluation, including a drug or alcohol test as a condition of continued
employment at the Company. A positive result may result in the termination of the employee's
employment or, in appropriate circumstances, in referral to an outside agency for rehabilitation
assistance. The purpose of the Company's policy is not to penalize employees. It is to establish and
maintain a workforce free of drug and alcohol abuse.
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SECTION ‘E’: POSSESSION OF PROHIBITED ITEMS WHILE WORKING
Possession of Prohibited Items While Working:
As a necessary safety precaution and to prevent the potential injury of any Vast Construction, LLC.
employee, no illegal drugs, drug paraphernalia, alcoholic beverages, firearms, or weapons will be
permitted on or in the immediate vicinity of either Vast Construction, LLC or one of our customer's
facilities. Additionally, it is a violation of company policy to transport any of the above items in any
vehicle owned or operated by company personnel while completing work related responsibilities. The
company maintains the right to detain and search any employee or any employee's personal effects for
prohibited items. Should any prohibited item(s) be found by company officials, appropriate disciplinary
action will be made to the appropriate authorities. The purpose of forbidding certain items on company
or customer premises is to protect all employees. If you have personal knowledge that illegal drugs, drug
paraphernalia, alcoholic beverages, firearms, or weapons are being held by a Vast Construction, LLC
employee, you have an obligation to yourself and to your fellow employees, to report this serious
infraction of company policy to your supervisor. If there are any questions in regard to this policy, please
contact your supervisor.
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SECTION ‘F’: SMOKING
Smoking:
"No Smoking" areas are clearly posted throughout the office and shop area. Employees are prohibited
from smoking in any area designated as a "No Smoking" area. Regardless of the area, smoking is not
permitted in the vicinity of flammable or combustible materials.
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SECTION ‘G’: SAFETY TRAINING
Safety Training:
The orientation is general in nature and relates to basic elements of the Safety and Loss Control
Program. It will be conducted by safety department and is intended to acquaint the employee with
existing safety rules and regulations adopted for safe conduct and performance. It also provides an
opportunity to emphasize to the employee that compliance with the program is a condition of
employment. The orientation/training will take place the first five days of employment. Although some
topics will be general in nature, others will be specific. The initial safety orientation will include the
following:
* Major area hazards - All major area hazards should be explained to the employee, together
with what precautions are expected to be taken. Common area hazards include mobile
equipment traffic, overhead moving equipment, exposed electrical conductors, toxic gases and
fumes, airborne hazards, potential slipping and tripping hazards, and hazards connected with
routine operations.
* Personal protective equipment - The employee should be informed what personal protective
equipment is required and why it is necessary. Employees will receive respirator training and
respirator fit test as well as training in the selection, use, and decontamination of the various
levels of P.P.E.
* Housekeeping and clean-up responsibilities- The time to acquaint an employee with his house
keeping and clean-up responsibilities is when he assumes employment. If you wait too long
before spelling out these responsibilities, most employees will think you are adding something
extra to their work . Define the worker's area of responsibility and give the details of what is
expected to maintain orderly housekeeping. Explain where scrap, debris, and refuse is to be
placed and impress upon the employee how orderliness can be related to safety and loss control
by controlling or eliminating hazards.
* Employees training includes 40 hr Hazwoper criteria.
Initial Job Instructions:
Initial job safety instructions will be given by the foreman and will involve specific
training relating to the job requirements. This type of training is perhaps the most
important and must be accomplished thoroughly and skillfully, for the employee to
learn quickly and correctly. Inadequate training, or training performed in haste, usually
require time consuming "patching-up" and the retraining of employees.
Pre-Job Safety Instructions:
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Pre-job safety instructions will be given when employees are assigned to perform
hazardous and/or infrequently performed operations. These type instructions require
more than just urging employees to be careful, or employing similar meaningless
generalities. To be effective, the instructions must be specific and cover the following
topics:
* Serious potential accidents – Possibilities of fire, explosions, toxic gases,
electrical contacts, fall from high above, or other potentially serious accidents
should be discussed, and precautions stressed.
* Likely unsafe practices – Some operations involve particular circumstances
that are likely to tempt employees into unsafe practices, such as throwing
materials down instead of lowering them, failing to lock out equipment,
removing equipment guards, etc.
* Required protective equipment – When jobs require special personal
protective equipment, the assigning supervisor must ensure that the employees
have the required equipment. The supervisor must also make certain the
employees know how to check the equipment for defects, how to use it, and the
limitation of the equipment.
* Other employee precautions – Many repair, service, and construction
operations require special precautions to be taken to protect other employees
in the area that are not involved in the operation. Those assigned to perform
such jobs must be informed of what specific precautions need to be taken, such
as roping off areas, clearing areas of personnel, and posting warning signs.
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SECTON ‘H’: COMPLIANCE
Compliance:
Employees are required to attend all safety meetings and are encouraged to do so. All
employees attending the weekly safety meeting on time are eligible to receive safety incentive
awards. Award drawings are held at the end of each month. Awards include ball caps, boots,
nomex, jackets, tote bags, gift certificates, and other items that may be donated by our venders.
At times, under special conditions or situations, individuals or entire crews may receive cash
awards or special gifts for exemplary safety performance or performance of job scope above the
call of duty. Disciplinary action will be utilized to ensure that employees follow safe work
practices. Disciplinary procedures will include both oral and written reprimands and in some
cases, termination of employment. As a general rule if unsafe practices are observed, the
employee will first be given a verbal warning. A second violation will result in a written warning.
Subsequent violations will result in termination of employment. However, the Company
reserves the right to terminate an employee for any violation of the safety policy. Employees
will be trained in safe practices. If unsafe practices are observed, retraining will be implemented
to correct all deficiencies.
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SECTION ‘I’: GENERAL SAFETY RULES
Sub-Section # 1
1-1: Personal Behavior
Each employee is expected to perform every aspect of their job without causing injury to themselves,
fellow employees, client personnel or the general public; or damage to the environment or any property
or equipment.
A. The following are prohibited:
1. Possession of alcohol or unauthorized drugs is prohibited.
2. Unauthorized possession or use of firearms, fireworks, ammunition or other
explosives is prohibited.
3. “Strike Anywhere” matches are not permitted in the plant.
4. Reporting to work or attempting to work under the influence of substances which
impair the ability to work safely.
5. Fighting, striking or otherwise physically assaulting another individual.
B. Only employees qualifed by training or experience will operate equipment or machinery
C. Smoke only in designated areas.
D. Do not run in plant or in parking lot except to avoid more serious injury.
E. The following pedestrian rules must be obeyed.
1. Sidewalks and roads are preferred routes for pedestrians and should be used.
2. Face oncoming traffic when walking on plant roads.
F. Never put parts of the body under suspended loads or leave suspended loads unattended.
G. Use handrails when climbing stairs and take one step at a time.
H. To prevent accidental ingestion of chemicals, store and consume food and drink in designated
areas only.
I. To minimize personal exposure, keep away from emergency situations unless necessary
responses.
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J. To insure all plant injuries, no matter how slight, receive proper treatment and are reported
immediately, to supervision.
1-2: Dress Code
The following guidelines as they pertain to the dress code are as follows:
A. No loose fitting clothing shall be worn. Loose material can get caught in machinery and can
catch on objects when you mount and dismount equipment.
B. No excessive jewelry shall be worn (preferably none).
1. Rings can short circuit electrical systems and catch on objects.
2. Necklaces can get caught in machinery or moving parts.
C. Length of hair shall be no longer than can be completely contained by a cap or hard hat. Hair
can get caught in machinery or moving parts.
D. Any beard other than a trimmed mustache is not permissible. At times we work in plants that
have this restriction.
E. Safety toe shoes/boots shall be worn by all shop/field personnel.
F. You are required to have a hard hat, safety glasses, and ear protection at or near your work
station. These items are to be maintained in good working order at all times.
G. Additional ear protection is required when working around equipment and around leaks that
emit high noise levels.
1-3: Equipment and Tools
Rules in this section are for the prevention of injuries from defective, incorrect or improper use of
equipment or tools. The rules pertaining to the safe use of equipment and tools are outlined as follows:
A. Carry equipment and tools in a manner that does not endanger yourself or others.
B. Use only the equipment and tools in good condition.
C. All guards and safety devices must be in place and operable before equipment is operated.
D. All tools that require the use of a hammer to be operated, such as chisels and punches, shall
be inspected before and after each use for cracks or defects.
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E. Tools and tool boxes should be kept clean and the box should be locked when left
unattended.
F. Tools, equipment and machinery shall not be used if they are not in compliance and must be
removed from the jobsite. If removal is not possible then they must be tagged out of service are
locked in a manner to render them inoperable.
G. Operation and maintenance activities will be performed only by qualified personnel using
tools or equipment appropriate for the task.
H. Protect tools, cords, hoses, and any equipment from harm when using them. Do not soak in
oil, run over, misuse, etc.
I. Company tools shall be maintained in a clean and serviceable condition. If a problem is
encountered with a Company tool, describe the problem on a tag and attach the tag to the tool.
Report the problem with the tool to the supervisor.
1-4: Hand Tools
Because of the extensive use of hand tools and powered hand tools and the severity of many tool
injuries, the prevention of tool accidents is an important part of your daily activities.
A. Failure to observe one or more of the following safe work practices accounts for most hand
and powered hand tool accidents:
1. Select the right tool for the job.
2. Keep tools in good condition.
3. Use tools correctly.
4. Keep tools in a safe place.
B. The safety requirements as they pertain to hand operated power tools are as follows:
1. Never operate a powered tool unless you are familiar with its use and appropriate
safety precautions. Check with your supervisor for instructions.
2. Check all powered tools before use to be sure that they are in safe condition.
Additionally, a thorough inspection must be made of the electrical cord and its
components.
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3. All metal parts of electrical tools or equipment which do not carry current must be
effectively grounded when connected to a power source or the tool must be identified
as double insulated.
4. Powered tools must be used in accordance with manufacturer’s instructions and
within their capability.
5. All tools must be kept in good repair. Always disconnect them from the power source
when making adjustments or repairs.
6. Wear proper eye protection whenever operating a portable powered tool. When
using power tools for chipping or heavy grinding, face protection is required by use of
face shield.
C. The safety requirements as they pertain to hand operated power tools are as follows:
1. Never use a pipe extension or other form of “cheater” to increase the leverage of any
wrench. This can strip threads, damage the wrench and/or cause injuries. Use extension
only on those tools that are specifically designed for this purpose.
2. Select a wrench with an opening that exactly fits the nut.
3. If possible, always pull on a wrench handle and adjust your stance to prevent a fall if
something let’s go suddenly.
4. Adjustable wrenches should be tightly adjusted to the nut and pulled so that the force
is on the side of the fixed jaw.
5. Avoid over torquing. A toque wrench will permit tightening to the exact torque
needed for the best performance and safety.
6. Wrenches should not be ground to change their shape.
7. Ordinary plastic dipped handles are designed for comfort, not electrical insulation.
Tools having high dielectric insulation are available and so identified. Do not confuse the
two.
D. Pliers of various types are used by practically every mechanic or maintenance person. There
are many types and sizes; each designed for specific uses. Choose the right pliers for the job. The
following are the basic safety rules which apply to the use of pliers:
1. Safety glasses or goggles must be worn when cutting wire, etc. to protect the eyes
from being struck by the end of the object being cut.
2. Never use pliers as a hammer nor hammer on the handles. They may crack, break, or
their blades may be nicked by such abuse.
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3. Pliers should not be used on nuts or bolts. A wrench will do the job better and with
less risk or damage to the fastener or injury to the user.
4. Ordinary plastic dipped handles are designed for comfort, not electrical insulation.
Tools having high dielectric insulation are available and so identified. Do not confuse the
two.
E. Hammers and other striking tools are perhaps the most widely used and probably the most
often abused of all hand tools. They are made in various types and sizes and should be selected
for their intended use and used only for those purposes. The following are the basic safety rules
which apply to the use of striking tools.
1. A hammer blow should be struck squarely with the hammer striking face parallel with
the surface being struck. Always avoid glancing blows and over or under strikes.
2. When striking another tool; such as a chisel, the striking face of the hammer should
have a diameter approximately 3/8” larger than the striking face of the tool.
3. Always use a hammer of suitable size and weight for the job.
4. Never use one hammer to strike another hammer.
5. Do not use a striking tool with a loose or damaged handle. Turn it in for repair or
replacement.
F. Next to the hammer, the screwdriver is probably the most abused tool in a mechanics tool kit.
They are intended for simple use; driving and withdrawing threaded fasteners such as wood
screws, machine screws, and self-tapping screws. The following basic safety rules apply to the
use of screwdrivers.
1. Make sure that the tip fits the slot of the screw; not too loose and not too tight.
2. Do not use a screwdriver near live wires.
3. Do not use a screwdriver as a cold chisel or punch.
4. Do not hold the work in one hand while using the screwdriver with the other.
G. Vises are usually mounted on a workbench or similar firm support to hold material to be
worked on. The following basic safety rules apply to the use of vises.
1. Use bolts in all holes in the base of the vise.
2. Do not use the jaws of the vise as an anvil.
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3. When clamping extra long work, support the far end of the work rather than putting
extra pressure on the vise.
4. Never use an extension handle for extra clamping pressure.
5. Use jaw liners with a vise if there is a possibility of marring the work.
6. Never pound on the handle to tighten beyond hand pressure.
H. The safety requirements as they pertain to the use of knives are as follows:
1. On any job requiring the use of a knife, such usage will be reviewed with entire crew
in STA/JSA before the job begins.
2. Knives should be of a fixed or locking blade design.
3. Knife blade shall be kept in serviceable condition, free of residue and sharpened.
4. Knife blade shall be covered with a sheath of substantial design when not in use.
5. When making a cut, object should be placed on a flat level surface and make cut using
a downward or pushing motion. Never pull the blade towards your body.
6. Gloves shall be worn appropriate to the task involved. Dupont SRW, Kevlar gloves will
be worn for all cutting tasks involving knives.
7. Knifes using disposal type retractable blades are not to be used due to the tendency
of the blades to break causing a loss of control of motion.
1-5: Bench Grinder
The following basic safety rules apply to the use of bench grinders:
A. Eye protection shall be worn when in use.
B. Shields and guards must be in place and maintained.
C. Steady rest clearance must be maintained at 1/8” from the grinding wheel.
D. Large objects that could cause damage to the grinding wheels or cause excessive grooving
should not be ground on a stone-type grinder. Refer to the portable disc grinder for this
application.
E. Proper cooling procedures of heated materials should be followed when grinding.
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F. Maintenance of the stones is required by dressing the grinding wheels with the proper tool
when a vibration occurs or when excessive grooving is noticed.
G. Do not grind on the side of a grinding wheel.
H. Turn grinder off after each use.
1-6: Drill Press
The following basic safety rules apply to the use of hydraulic jack and porta-powers:
A. Shall be maintained in good working condition.
B. All material to be drilled shall be clamped to the table.
C. The chuck key shall be removed from the chuck after each use.
D. A cutting oil should be used to cool and lubricate the drill bit.
E. All drill bits should be sharpened and used in a proper manner.
1-7: Hydraulic Jacks and Porta-Powers
The following basic safety rules apply to the use of hydraulic jacks and porta-powers:
A. The rating of the jack must not be exceeded.
B. After the load is raised, suitable blocking or jack stands must be used to support the load.
C. Porta-Power use shall be determined by the rated capacity of the ram, pump, and hose. The
operating pressure shall not exceed the value of the lowest rated component.
1-8: Pneumatic Tools
The following basic safety rules apply to the use of pneumatic tools:
A. Close cut-off valve and bleed air line before laying machine down or changing tools in
machine.
B. Check throttle valve on all motors before turning air on same.
C. Keep guards on all portable grinders.
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D. Keep hands clear from all moving parts on air motors and impact wrenches.
E. Keep lead host tight in all machines at all times.
F. Check condition of wheel on portable grinder before using.
G. Allow no person to work under vertical tubes in heaters when tubes are being rolled or
welded on top side of heater.
H. Never raise or lower tools with hoses.
1-9: Portable Power Tools
The following basic safety rules apply to the use of portable power tools:
A. All power tools shall have no defects in power switch, no frayed or bare electric cords, and
no loose or broken handles.
B. Disc grinders shall have guards in place and no chips out of disc.
C. Electric drills shall have good working chucks with keys.
D. Power saws shall have good working blade guards and sharp blades to prevent motor
overheating.
1-10: Shop Fans, Heaters and Extension Cords
The following basic safety rules apply to the use of shop fans, heaters, and extension cords:
A. Shop fans, heaters, and extension cords will be kept in good working order. Any defects shall
be tagged and reported.
B. All guards are to be in place and kept in good condition.
C. Heaters are to be used in a well ventilated area and away from any flammable material.
D. Extension cords and drop lights shall be inspected for bare spots and shall not be used if
defective. Do not allow extension cords to be misused, lay in oil or be in position that they can
be run over or trip another person.
1-11: Battery Chargers
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The following safe practices shall be followed when utilizing battery chargers:
A. Batteries shall be checked for serviceability before attempting to charge.
B. The charger shall be off before connecting the cables.
C. Follow the battery charger manufacturer’s directions for charging batteries.
D. Wear eye protection when handling batteries and wash hands with soap and water when
through. Acid can remain on your skin undetected and can or will be harmful to persons,
clothing, and other items it may come in contact with.
D. Make sure that water is readily available and that first aid is nearby when handing batteries.
1-12: Slings
The following safe practices shall be followed when utilizing slings:
A. Do not make circular slings with parallel cable connections.
B. Slings that are damaged or defective shall not be used.
C. Slings shall not be shortened with knots or bolts or other makeshift devices.
D. Sling legs shall not be kinked.
E. Slings shall not be loaded in excess of their rated capacities.
F. Slings used in a basket hitch shall have loads balanced to prevent slippage.
G. Slings shall be securely attached to their loads.
H. Slings shall be padded or protected from the sharp edges of their loads.
I. Suspended loads shall be kept clear of all obstructions.
J. Hands or fingers shall not be placed between the sling and its load while the sling is being
tightened around the load.
K. Shock loading is prohibited.
L. A sling shall not be pulled from under a load when the load is resting on the sling.
1-13: Rigging
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The following precautions and procedures should be observed during rigging operations:
A. Know proper use of chain falls, come-a-longs, chokers, shackles and clamps.
B. Never raise a load over people.
C. Use tag lines to control load.
D. Know capacities of rigging equipment and weights of loads.
E. Determine load weight.
F. Determine tensions in sling legs before lifting.
G. Use only approved equipment.
H. Inspect all equipment before use.
I. Use proper equipment correctly, taking no short cuts or gambles.
J. Use spreader bars and shackles to balance weights.
K. Use tag lines to control load drift.
L. Lift with hook over the load’s center of gravity and with slings fixed above the center of
gravity of the load.
M. Minimize sharp bends and edge contacts.
N. Equalize loads. Load all shackles and hooks centrally.
O. Stay clear of slings when they are being pulled out from under loads.
P. Take proper care of equipment.
Q. Do not lift loads over people or ride loads.
R. Do not wrap a rope or a sling leg around hook.
S. Do not attempt to mend or join slings.
T. Do not twist or knot a chain or force a sling eye.
U. Do not place a severe bend on any section of rope or chain, especially on splice section.
V. Do not use sling loading angles or choker angles in excess of recommended values. Horizontal
loading angles of less than 45 degrees should be avoided.
W. Do not make lifts with loose equipment or unsecured slings or chains.
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X. Do not allow slings and lifting devices to be shock-loaded.
Y. Do not use point loading hooks. Use the proper hitch and type of hook and a sling of the
appropriate capacity.
1-14: Hoisting Equipment
Hand-operated hoisting equipment of all types is designed with the safety of the operating personnel in
mind. Your safety and that of your fellow workers will be assured when hoisting equipment is used as
recommended. Disregarding such recommendations endangers life and property. A chain block is a
piece of precision equipment and should be treated as such. Like any other precision tool, it gives the
best performance only when kept in top condition and properly operated. To get the most from your
block, and for safe handling, always use it correctly. Give it regular inspection and maintenance. Below
are some correct ways to safely handle your chain block:
A. Always use the proper size chain block or hoist for the load. Check for capacity of block
stamped on side of block.
B. Always use a sling on the load. Never use the load line as a sling.
C. Handle the chain block carefully. Do not throw it or drop it.
D. Be sure the load brake is working properly. If it is not, do not use the block.
E. Never use a chain block with an open load hook or open top hook.
F. Always check to see that the tail chain anchor pin is in place.
G. Always stay out from under a suspended load.
H. Never overload a chain block. If one man cannot raise the load, the chain block is overloaded
or is in bad condition.
I. See that both top and bottom hooks are carrying the load at the center and not on the hook
tip.
J. Do not attempt to climb scaffold or ladder carrying blocks. Use hand line or tugger.
K. Never use a “cheater bar” on a come-a-long handle.
L. Never dip chain falls or come-a-longs in oil. They shall be oiled by qualified personnel only.
M. The length of the load or pull chains should never be altered. They shall be replaced in their
entirety when necessary.
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N. Never use a come-a-long or chain block as a load binder.
O. No more than one man will be used to pull chain on ½ and 1-ton blocks.
P. No more than two men will be used to pull chain on 1½, 2 and 3-ton blocks.
Q. No more than three men will be used to pull chain on 5-ton blocks or over. If more men are
used, the equipment is being overloaded.
R. Lift load easily to see if support is secure.
S. Hook-on load chain should have strain on bottom of hook (not on tip). Secure hook on load
chain so it will not become unfastened. Mount hook properly.
T. Do not stand under suspended loads or permit another workman to do so. Keep feet and
hands clear.
U. Do not jerk on load chain and let it run free.
V. Insist on scaffold or platform when necessary.
W. Have necessary help when handling hoisting equipment.
X. Always use tag line to control and place the suspended load.
1-15: Compressed Air
The following basic safety rules apply to the use of compressed air:
A. All compressed air outlets used for parts cleaning will be regulated to no greater than 30 psi
and/or a cleaning tip that is self regulating to 30 psi must be utilized.
B. Compressed air should only be used for cleaning parts when no other means are acceptable.
C. Before using compressed air for parts cleaning, make sure that trash and debris will not be
blown onto someone else.
E. Never use compressed air for cleaning clothes or body parts.
F. Before using an air hose make sure all connections are tight and will not come off under
pressure; check hoses to ensure they are in good condition.
F. Hold the end of the hose when turning air on or off.
G. Do not kink the hose to turn air off. Always turn air off at the valve.
H. Never raise and lower tools by using the air hose.
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I. Be sure to lay hoses in such a manner that they will not be tripping or stumbling hazards.
J. Never point a compressed air nozzle at another person and never use compressed air for
practical jokes.
K. Crows feet connection should be wired together whenever they are used.
L. When airing up tires do not stand directly in front of the tire; if the tire is mounted on a
multiple piece rim, do not have any body parts in the line of travel should a part of the wheel
blow off.
1-16: Compressed Gas Cylinders
The following basic safety rules apply to the use of compressed gas cylinders.
A. All compressed gas cylinders shall be stored with the valve closed and protective valve cover
screwed on, hand tight.
B. Oxygen cylinders shall not be stored near highly combustible material, especially oil or grease,
or near reserve stocks of carbide or acetylene.
C. Oxygen cylinders in storage shall be separated from gas cylinders containing combustible
containers a minimum distance of 10 feet or by a noncombustible barrier of 5 feet high for
cylinders having a fire resistance rating of at least one-half hour.
D. Compressed gas cylinders shall be legibly marked with either the trade name or chemical
name of their contents. Whenever practical, the marking shall be on the shoulder of the
cylinder.
E. Compressed gas cylinders shall be stored in a vertical valve-end up position. Empty cylinders
shall be marked “EMPTY” stored with their valves closed, valve caps securely in place, and
separated from full cylinders.
F. Compressed gas cylinders shall be stored chained to a stationary object or secured in a
specially constructed rack, in the upright position, to prevent them from falling over.
G. Compressed gas cylinders shall be stored away from heat sources in well ventilated and dry
spaces.
H. Cylinder valves shall be closed before moving cylinders.
I. When transporting compressed gas cylinders by a crane or derrick, a cradle, boat or similar
platform shall be used. Slings or electric magnets shall not be used for this purpose.
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J. Valve protection caps shall not be used for lifting cylinders from one vertical position to
another.
K. Cylinder shall not be placed where they might become part of an electric circuit.
L. Compressed gas cylinders shall be hydrostatically tested in accordance with legal
requirements. Breathing air cylinders that have a star and /or asterisk stamped next to the last
hydrostatic test date indicates they must be tested every 10 years as long as the cylinder is less
than 35 years old. The refill air must have a dew point of –52 degrees F at 4.7 psi. Prior to each
refill the cylinder must be subjected to a hammer test. Lightweight wrapped aluminum cylinders
must be hydrostatically tested every 3 years and steel cylinders every 5 years. The dates should
be stamped on the cylinder itself. These records are to be maintained by the local supplier of
the cylinders.
M. Utility stations and other gas cylinders that may be connected must be equipped with unique
couplings to avoid inadvertent connecting of the wrong cylinders.
1-17: Welding and Burning
The purpose of this section is to establish safe practices for acetylene burning and arc welding:
A. The general personal safety requirements as they pertain to welding and burning are as
follows:
1. Remove combustible materials from the immediate area.
2. Check equipment for safe working conditions.
3. A “Hot Work Permit” is required before starting work.
4. Determine location of nearby fire extinguisher, or get one for the job.
5. Wear safety hat with welding goggles having protective dark lenses or welder’s face
shield with protective dark lens, depending upon location and type of welding.
6. A clean rag should be carried to wipe excess dirt from goggles and forehead before
removing goggles. This will often keep foreign objects out of eyes.
7. Know how to adjust goggles. If goggles are not in good repair, then turn them in to
the tool room for new ones.
8. Become acquainted with the rules of the area in which you are working and follow
them. Also familiarize yourself with particular hazards which may be located in the work
area. If in doubt, check with the area supervisor.
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9. It is suggested that rings not be worn on the job.
10. Wear high-top safety shoes with a steel toe or a firm work shoe.
11. Keep shoes laced up to tops to avoid hot sparks (slag) from getting into shoes.
12. Wear long sleeve shirts, worn with sleeves down, to protect arms from sparks and
from hot steam, hot water, or hot oil.
13. When welding in the open, a shield around welding operation shall protect fellow
workmen and they should wear proper protective eye equipment such as dark goggles.
14. Welding and burning equipment are to be used only by persons approved by
welding and boilermaker foreman.
15. If in doubt regarding proper use of application of welding, check with your
supervisor prior to proceeding.
B. The safety requirements as they pertain to gas welding and burning are as follows:
1. Keep oxygen cylinders, gauges, torch, and other fittings away from and free from oil
and grease.
2. Watch out for fellow workmen when torch is burning.
3. Shut off torch before laying it down.
4. Do not block walkway or stairs with hose or cable.
5. Welder, welder’s helper or burner are not to fill gasoline tank on gas driven welder
when working with torches. All torch flames are to be out and all oxygen and acetylene
bottles shut off. Welding machine will be shut off.
6. Keep acetylene and oxygen bottle wrenches on bottles so they may be shut off in case
of a broken hose or leaking hose.
7. Burner must not light torch from electric arc.
8. Ensure all gas drums are secured in place to keep them from falling or being knocked
down.
9. Do not remove protective cap from gas bottles until drums have been secured.
Replace cap when bottles are not in use.
10. When transporting gas cylinders, they shall be secured on a cradle, sling board or
pallet. Choker slings or electric magnets shall not be used for this purpose.
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11. Valve protection caps shall be in place and secured when transporting or storing gas
cylinders.
12. Cylinders being transported by powered vehicles shall be secured in a vertical
position with the valve protective caps in place.
13. Unless cylinders are firmly secured on a special carrier (oxygen acetylene cart)
intended for this purpose, regulators shall be removed and valve protection caps put in
place before cylinders are moved.
14. A suitable cylinder truck, chain, or other steadying device shall be used to keep
cylinders from being knocked over while in use.
15. The cylinder valve shall be opened only when work is being performed.
16. Gas cylinders shall be opened only when work is being performed.
17. When parallel sections of oxygen and fuel hose are taped together, not more than
four inches out of 2 inches shall be covered with tape.
18. Defective hose or hose in doubtful condition shall not be used.
19. Torches in use shall be inspected each day for leaking shut-off valves, hose
couplings, and tip connections.
20. Defective torches shall not be used.
21. Torches shall be lit by friction strikers and shall not be lit by matches or from hot
work.
22. Oxygen and fuel gas pressure regulators, including their related gauges, shall be in
proper working order.
C. The safety requirements as they pertain to arc welding and burning are as follows:
1. Ensure all welding cable is in good condition and ground cable securely fastened so
that it will not arc in an undesirable or unsafe area.
2. Only manual electrode holders which are specifically designed for arc welding and
cutting shall be used.
3. Any current-carrying parts shall be fully insulated against the maximum current
requirements of the work in progress.
4. All arc welding and cutting cables shall be capable of handling the maximum current
requirements of the work in progress.
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5. Only cables with standard insulated connectors of a capacity at least equivalent to
that of the cable shall be used.
6. Cables needing repair shall not be used.
7. A ground return cable shall have a safe current-carrying capacity equal to or
exceeding the specified maximum output capacity of the arc welding units which it
services.
8. The frames of all arc welding machines shall be grounded through a third wire in the
cable containing the circuit conductor or through a separate wire, which is grounded at
the source of the current.
9. All ground connections shall be inspected to ensure that they are mechanically strong
and electrically adequate for the required current.
D. The safety requirements as they pertain to welding and burning fire procedures are as
follows:
1. When practical, objects to be welded, cut or heated shall be moved to designated
safe location. If the objects to be welded, cut or heated cannot be readily moved, all
movable fire hazards in the vicinity must be taken to a safe place or otherwise
protected. Sewer manholes and drains shall be covered with tar paper and sand.
2. Suitable fire extinguishing equipment shall be made available when welding, cutting
or heating is being performed. A fire hose shall be placed in service with a permanent
standby fire watch while welding is being performed.
3. For the elimination of possible fire hazards in enclosed spaces as a result of gas
escaping through leaking or improperly closed torch valves, the gas supply to the torch
shall be positively shut off at some point outside the enclosed space whenever the torch
is not being used. Overnight, the torch and hose shall be removed from the confined
space.
4. Before heat is applied to a drum, container or hollow structure, a vent or opening
shall be provided for the release of any built-up pressure during the application of heat.
1-18: Fire Protection
The personal safety requirements as they pertain are as follows:
A. Smoke only in designated areas.
B. No “strike anywhere” matches allowed.
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C. “Hot Work” permits are required for welding, burning or other open flames.
D. Know the fire alarm signal and evacuation routes in the event of an alarm.
F. Know where fire extinguishers are located and how to use them.
G. Each employee must be trained (and the training documented) in the proper use of fire
extinguishers.
H. The four classes of fires (Class A, Class B, Class C and Class D) and their recommended fire
extinguisher use are as follows:
1. Class A fires are those that occur in ordinary materials such as wood, paper, excelsior,
rags and rubbish. The quenching and cooling effect of water or of solutions containing
large percentages of water are of first importance in extinguishing these fires. Special
dry chemical agents (multipurpose dry chemicals) provide rapid knockdown of the
flames and the formation of a coating tends to retard further combustion. Where total
extinguishing is mandatory, a follow-up with water is recommended.
2. Class B fires are those that occur in the vapor-air mixture of flammable liquids such as
gasoline, oil, grease, paints and thinners. The limiting of air (oxygen) or the combustioninhibiting effect is of primary importance to stop incipient fires of this class. Solid
streams of water are likely to spread the fire, but under certain circumstances, water
from nozzles may prove effective. Generally, regular dry chemical, multipurpose dry
chemical, carbon dioxide, foam or halogenated agents are used.
3. Class C fires are those that occur in or near energized electrical equipment where
non-conducting extinguishing agents must be used. Dry chemical, carbon dioxide or
halogenated extinguishing agents are suitable. Foam or a stream of water should not be
used because both are good conductors of electricity and can expose the operators to a
severe shock hazard. Water from a very fine spry can sometimes be used on fires in
electrical equipment, as in transformers, since a spray is poorer electrical conductor
than a solid stream of water.
4. Class D fires are those that occur in combustible metals such as magnesium, titanium,
zirconium, lithium, potassium and sodium. Specialized techniques, extinguishing agents
and extinguishing equipment have been developed to control and extinguish fires of this
type. Normal extinguishing agents generally should not be used on metal fires due to
the danger, in most cases, of increasing the intensity of the fire because of a chemical
reaction between some extinguishing agents and the burning metal.
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1-19: Barricades
The personal safety requirements as they pertain to barricades are a follows:
A. Are necessary for excavations, near roof edges and around overhead work.
B. Barricades or hole covers must be placed at all floor coverings.
1-20: Ladders
A ladder may be defined as a portable, temporary stairway. Ladders referred to below are the step,
single section, or extension type as approved for general use in the project. The personal safety
requirements as they pertain to ladders are as follows:
A. When long ladders are handled, the ladder should be carried with the safety feet to the rear
and with the front end elevated so as to be above the head of anyone in front.
B. The following guidelines should be used when setting up ladders:
1. Check surface on which the ladder will rest to assure oil, grease or other material
under the ladder does not create an unsafe surface for ladder legs to rest on.
2. To set up a ladder, lay the bottom end toward the overhead support wall or other
object against which the top of the ladder is to rest. The bottom end of the ladder
should be against a stationary object (such as a curb, pipe support, foundation, foam
line, etc). Start at the top end of the ladder and walk up with hands grasping the center
of rungs.
3. The ladder feet should be placed parallel to the wall or other overhead support (such
as a horizontal overhead pipeline). The side rails should make the same angle with the
floor or ground underneath. The proper angle for a ladder to lean is about 75 degrees
with the horizontal. The distance from the feet of ladder to the base of the wall should
be approximately one-fourth of the ladder length. Place the base of a 2-foot ladder
three feet from the object it leans against; a 6-foot ladder four feet, etc.
4. The ladder should be secured with a rope or chain at the top. In places where the
ladder cannot be fastened at the top, it should be made secure at the bottom. In
securing at the bottom, especially if the floor is hard or slippery, the ladder should be
secured by tying with a rope, chain or wire at the base, by nailing cleats on the floor or
by holding.
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5. If the ladder is in a traffic area, erect a barricade or guard to prevent collision. Also,
lock any nearby doors and gates that open toward the ladder.
C. The guidelines for the proper use of ladders are as follows:
1. Always face the ladder when ascending or descending.
2. The ladder should be climbed by grasping the rungs. Both hands should be holding
while the upward step is made with the foot; both feet should be stationary while
shifting hand holds. In other words, the climber should have both hands and a foot or
both feet and one hand on the ladder at all times.
3. The foot should be placed on the rung toward the center of the foot (just in front of
the heel) rather than on the tip of the toe.
4. Tools or materials should not be carried in the pockets if they protrude, but should be
hoisted up and lowered by means of a hand line. Both hands must be free at all times
when climbing or descending.
5. Only one person will be allowed on a ladder at one time.
6. Electricians and others working near electrical wiring will use wood or fiberglass
ladders only. No combination ladders will be used by electricians or others working near
electrical wiring (wood and aluminum or fiberglass and aluminum).
7. All ladders will have proper safety shoes securely attached to the feet that rest on the
ground or surface, except for upper sections or sectional ladders.
8. Step ladders will be sized for use so that people will not stand on a step higher than
the step second below the flat top of the ladder to do their work.
9. Step ladders must be used fully open with the spreader opened and locked.
10. Return faulty ladders to the tool room.
11. Ladders shall not be used in a horizontal position as platforms.
12. No ladder shall be used to gain access to a roof or platform unless the top of the
ladder extends at least three feet above the point of support.
13. If in doubt regarding type of ladder to use or appropriate use of ladder, consult with
your supervisor.
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1-21: Scaffold
The personal safety requirements as they pertain to scaffolds are as follows:
A. Handrails and toe boards are required.
B. Lock all wheels before using.
C. Never move scaffolds with people on them.
D. Tie off. Mandatory at all times.
E. Use ladders for access; never climb up bracing.
1-22: Signs
The personal safety requirements as they pertain to signs are as follows:
A. Use signs when necessary and remove signs promptly when no longer required.
B. Pay attention to signs. “They may say what they mean.”
1-23: Danger Tags
The personal safety requirements as they pertain to danger tags are as follows:
A. Place on switches and valves that must not be operated.
B. Customer representatives will assist you determining the proper tag to be used.
1-24: Permits
The personal safety requirements as they pertain to permits are as follows:
A. Safe Work permits are required before you begin any work of this type.
B. Hot Work permits are required before you begin any work of this type.
C. Tank Entry permits are required before you begin any work of this type.
D. Excavation permits are required before you begin any work of this type.
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1-25: Excavations
The personal safety requirements as they pertain to excavations are as follows:
A. Shoring or sloping may be required.
B. Have proper access.
C. Protect others from barricades.
D. Consult your customer representatives on detailed procedures.
1-26: Flammables
The personal safety requirements as they pertain to flammables are as follows:
A. Store in properly labeled containers.
B. Keep away from smoking, welding, burning or other sources of heat.
1-27: Safety Instructions
A. No job is to start until you get complete instructions from your supervisor and all inspections
are made. Inspections of jobsite, materials and equipment shall be frequent and made by a
competent person.
B. No job is to start until a Job Safety Analysis (JSA) has been completed and all sections
addressed. This task will be used for the recognition and avoidance of unsafe conditions and to
discuss the regulations to help control or eliminate hazards in the work environment.
C. Only experienced or qualified employees may operate equipment or machinery.
1-28: Housekeeping
The personal safety guidelines as they pertain to housekeeping are as follows:
A. Keep everything in its proper place.
B. Put scrap, trash and other waste in the right container.
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C. Clean up tools and work area as your job progresses.
D. Keep cords and hoses seven (7) feet overhead or lay them flat outside of walkways.
E. Keep all material, tools and equipment properly secured to prevent rolling or falling.
F. Oil spills must be kept to a minimum and any that develop must be cleaned up immediately
by using “oil dry” to absorb the spill.
G. Drained oil must be poured into marked slop oil drum.
I. Drain filter in the filter pan for 72 hours and then dispose of them in approved containers.
J. The parts area shall be kept neat and clean; empty containers are to be properly disposed of.
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1-29: Job Site Safety Audit Form
ELECTRICAL, OVERHEAD WORK or FLOOR OPENING
Locked & Tagged Y /N
Fixed Barricades Y/N
Try & Test Y/ N
Danger (Tape) Y/N
Disconnected Y/ N
Caution (Tape) Y/N
EQUIPMENT GROUDING
Tags or Signs
Y/N
STANDBY PERSON
Y/N
Vacuum Truck Y/N
Hole Cover/Cleat Y/N
Vacuum Box Y/N
Handrails Y/N
PULLMAX Y/N
Toe boards Y/N
POWER UNIT Y/N
HAZARDS (BODY)
Confined Space Y/N
Fall Potential Y/N
Fire Watch Y/N
Pinch Points Y/N
Flagman Y/N
Electrical Shock Y/N
Bottle Watch Y/N
Slip-Trip Y/N
WELDING
Flying Particles Y/N
Shields Y/N
Thermal Burns Y/N
Fire Blanket Y/N
Sharp Objects Y/N
Fire Extinguisher Y/N
Manual Lifting Y/N
Cylinders Secured Y/N
EMERGENCY EQUIPMENT
Cylinders Capped Y/N
Fire Extinguisher Y/N
Combustibles Moved Y/N
1 ½” Charged Hose Y/N
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Sparks Contained Y/N
Ground Within 18” Y/N
Safety Shower Y/N
Eyewash Station Y/N
HAZARDS (CHEMICAL)
PROCESS EQUIPMENT MSDS’s Reviewed Y/N
Valves Locked Y/N
Skin/Eye Irritant Y/N
Tags Hung Y/N
Inhalation Y/N
Blinds Installed/Tagged Y/N
Chemical Burn Y/N
ASSEMBLY AREA:
_____________________________________________________________________________________
_____________________________________________________________________________________
_____________________________________________________________________________________
Crew Members:
_____________________________________________________________________________________
_____________________________________________________________________________________
_____________________________________________________________________________________
_____________________________________________________________________________________
_____________________________________________________________________________________
_____________________________________________________________________________________
Audit performed by:
Signature: __________________________________________
Printed Name: _______________________________________
Date: __________________________
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Sub-Section # 2: Personal Protective Equipment
2-1: Purpose:
The Company provides all Employees with required PPE to suit the task and known hazards. This section
covers the requirements for Personal Protective Equipment with the exception of PPE used for hearing
conservation and respiratory protection or PPE required for hazardous material response to spills or
releases, which are covered under separate programs.
2-2: General Policy:
Engineering controls shall be the primary methods used to eliminate or minimize hazard exposure in the
workplace. When such controls are not practical or applicable, personal protective equipment shall be
employed to reduce or eliminate personnel exposure to hazards. Personal protective equipment (PPE)
will be provided, used, and maintained when it has been determined that its use is required and that
such use will lessen the likelihood of occupational injuries and/or illnesses.
2-3: Responsibilities:
2-3.1: Management
• Conduct hazard assessments to identify specific PPE for specific tasks
• Train employees in the selection, use, inspection, storage, cleaning, and limitations of
specific PPE
2-3.2: Supervisors
• Monitor use of PPE
• Provide replacement PPE when needed
• Identify any new hazards that would require the use of PPE
2-3.3: Employees:
• Properly use and care for assigned PPE
• No employee owned PPE is allowed except safety toe shoes and prescription Z87.1 eye
glasses. These items must be maintained in good condition at all times.
• Immediately inform supervisor if PPE is damaged or not effective
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2-4: General Rules
2-4.1: Design:
All personal protective clothing and equipment will be of safe design and construction
for the work to be performed and shall be maintained in a sanitary and reliable
condition. Only those items of protective clothing and equipment that meet National
Institute of Occupational Safety and Health (NIOSH) or American National Standards
Institute (ANSI) standards will be procured or accepted for use.
2-4.2: Hazard assessment and equipment selection:
A written hazard assessment shall be used to assess the workplace to determine if
hazards are present, or are likely to be present, which necessitate the use of personal
protective equipment (PPE). A competent person will document the assessment with
noted hazards sign and date the document. If such hazards are present, or likely to be
present, the following actions will be taken:
• Select, and have each affected Employee use, the proper PPE
• Communicate selection decisions to each affected Employee
• Select PPE that properly fits each affected employee.
2-4.3: Defective and damaged equipment:
Defective or damaged personal protective equipment shall not be used.
2-4.4: Training:
All Employees who are required to use PPE shall be trained to know at least the
following:
• When PPE is necessary;
• What PPE is necessary;
• How to properly don, remove, adjust, and wear PPE;
• The limitations of the PPE
• The proper care, maintenance, useful life and disposal of the PPE.
Each affected Employee shall demonstrate an understanding of the training and the
ability to use PPE properly, before being allowed to perform work requiring the use of
PPE. Certification of training for PPE is required by OSHA and shall be accomplished by
using the Job Safety Checklist to verify that each affected Employee has received and
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understood the required PPE training. Retraining will be required when the work place
changes, earlier training is obsolete, type of PPE Changes or when the employee
demonstrates lack of use, improper use or insufficient skill or understanding. Training
certification will include employee name, dates of training , and the certification subject.
2-5: PPE Selection
2-5.1: Controlling hazards:
PPE devices alone should not be relied on to provide protection against hazards, but
should be used in conjunction with guards, engineering controls, and sound
manufacturing practices.
2-5.2: Selection guidelines:
The general procedure for selection of protective equipment is to:
a) become familiar with the potential hazards and the type of protective
equipment that is available, and what it can do; i.e., splash protection, impact
protection, etc.;
b) compare the hazards associated with the environment; i.e., impact velocities,
masses, projectile shape, radiation intensities, with the capabilities of the
available protective equipment;
c) select the protective equipment which ensures a level of protection greater
than the minimum required to protect employees from the hazards
d) fit the user with the protective device and give instructions on care and use of
the PPE. It is very important that end users be made aware of all warning labels
for and limitations of their PPE.
2-5.3: Fitting the Device:
Careful consideration must be given to comfort and fit. PPE that fits poorly will not
afford the necessary protection. Continued wearing of the device is more likely if it fits
the wearer comfortably. Protective devices are generally available in a variety of sizes.
Care should be taken to ensure that the right size is selected.
2-5.4: Devices with adjustable features:
Adjustments should be made on an individual basis for a comfortable fit that will
maintain the protective device in the proper position. Particular care should be taken in
fitting devices for eye protection against dust and chemical splash to ensure that the
devices are sealed to the face. In addition, proper fitting of helmets is important to
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ensure that it will not fall off during work operations. In some cases a chin strap may be
necessary to keep the helmet on an employee's head. (Chin straps should break at a
reasonably low force, however, so as to prevent a strangulation hazard). Where
manufacturer's instructions are available, they should be followed carefully.
2-5.5: Eye and Face Protection:
The majority of occupational eye injuries can be prevented by the use of
suitable/approved safety spectacles, goggles, or shields. Approved eye and face
protection shall be worn when there is a reasonable possibility of personal injury.
• Each employee shall use appropriate eye or face protection when exposed to eye or
face hazards from flying particles, molten metal, liquid chemicals, acids or caustic
liquids, chemical gases or vapors, or potentially injurious light radiation.
• Each employee shall use eye protection that provides side protection when there is a
hazard from flying objects. Detachable side protectors are acceptable.
• Each employee who wears prescription lenses while engaged in operations that
involve eye hazards shall wear eye protection that incorporates the prescription in its
design, or
• shall wear eye protection that can be worn over the prescription lenses without
disturbing the proper position of the prescription lenses or the protective lenses.
• Eye and face PPE shall be distinctly marked to facilitate identification of the
manufacturer.
• Each employee shall use equipment with filter lenses that have a shade number
appropriate for the work being performed for protection from injurious light radiation.
2-5.6: Typical hazards that can cause eye and face injury are:
• Splashes of toxic or corrosive chemicals, hot liquids, and molten metals;
• Flying objects, such as chips of wood, metal, and stone dust;
• Fumes, gases, and mists of toxic or corrosive chemicals; and
• Aerosols of biological substances.
Prevention of eye accidents requires that all persons who may be in eye hazard areas
wear protective eyewear. This includes employees, visitors, contractors, or others
passing through an identified eye hazardous area. To provide protection for these
personnel, activities shall procure a sufficient quantity of heavy duty goggles and/or
plastic eye protectors which afford the maximum amount of protection possible. If
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these personnel wear personal glasses, they shall be provided with a suitable eye
protector to wear over them.
2-5.7: Eye / Face Protection Specifications:
Eye and face protectors procured, issued to, and used by employees, contractors and
visitors must conform to the following design and performance standards:
a) Provide adequate protection against the particular hazards for which they are
designed
b) Fit properly and offer the least possible resistance to movement and cause
minimal discomfort while in use.
c) Be durable.
d) Be easily cleaned or disinfected for or by the wearer.
e) Be clearly marked to identify the manufacturer.
f) Persons who require corrective lenses for normal vision, and who are required
to wear eye protection, must wear goggles or spectacles of one of the following
types:
1) Spectacles with protective lenses which provide optical correction.
2) Goggles that can be worn over spectacles without disturbing the
adjustment of the spectacles.
3) Goggles that incorporate corrective lenses mounted behind the
protective lenses.
2-6: Eye & Face Protector Use
2-6.1: Safety Spectacles:
Face shields may be worn in combination with spectacles or corrective lenses to
insure protection along with Safety Spectacles. Protective eye glasses are made
with safety frames, tempered glass or plastic lenses, temples and side shields
which provide eye protection from moderate impact and particles encountered
in job tasks such as carpentry, woodworking, grinding, scaling, etc.
2-6.2: Single Lens Goggles:
Vinyl framed goggles of soft pliable body design provide adequate eye
protection from many hazards. These goggles are available with clear or tinted
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lenses, perforated, port vented, or non-vented frames. Single lens goggles
provide similar protection to spectacles proper vision.
2-6.3: Welders/Chippers Goggles:
These goggles are available in rigid and soft frames to accommodate single or
two eye piece lenses.
1) Welders goggles provide protection from sparking, scaling or
splashing metals and harmful light rays. Lenses are impact resistant and
are available in graduated shades of filtration.
2) Chippers/grinders goggles provide eye protection from flying
particles. The dual protective eye cups house impact resistant clear
lenses with individual cover plates.
2-6.4: Face Shields:
These normally consist of an adjustable headgear and face shield of
tinted/transparent acetate or polycarbonate materials, or wire screen. Face
shields are available in various sizes, tensile strength, impact/heat resistance
and light ray filtering capacity. Face shields will be used in operations when the
entire face needs protection and should be worn to protect eyes and face
against flying particles, metal sparks, and chemical/ biological splash.
2-6.5: Welding Shields:
These shield assemblies consist of vulcanized fiber or glass fiber body, a
ratchet/button type adjustable headgear or cap attachment and a filter and
cover plate holder. These shields will be provided to protect workers' eyes and
face from infrared or radiant light burns, flying sparks, metal spatter and slag
chips encountered during welding, brazing, soldering, resistance welding, bare
or shielded electric arc welding and oxyacetylene welding and cutting
operations.
Filter Lenses for Protection Against Radiant Energy:
Operations
SMAW
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Electrode Size
1/32 in
Arc Current
Protective Shade
Less than 3
3-5
Less than 60
7
60-160
8
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160-250
10
250-550
11
Torch brazing
3
Torch soldering
2
Note: as a rule of thumb, start with a shade that is too dark to see the weld zone. Then
go to a lighter shade which gives sufficient view of the weld zone without going below
the minimum. In oxy-fuel gas welding or cutting where the torch produces a high yellow
light, it is desirable to use a filter lens that absorbs the yellow or sodium line in the
visible light of the (spectrum) operation.
Selection chart guidelines for eye and face protection:
The following chart provides general guidance for the proper selection of eye
and face protection to protect against hazards associated with the listed hazard
"source" operations.
IMPACT:
Source: Chipping, grinding machining, masonry work, woodworking, sawing,
drilling, chiseling, powered fastening, riveting, and sanding
Hazard: Flying fragments, objects, large chips, particles, sand, dirt, etc.
Protection: Spectacles with side protection, goggles, face shield, for severe
exposure, use face shield.
HEAT-FURNACE OPERATION and ARC WELDING:
Source: Hot sparks
Hazard: Burns
Protection: Face-shields, spectacles with side, for severe exposure use faceshield.
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CHEMICALS-ACID:
Source: chemical handling, degreasing, plating
Hazard: Splash
Protection: Goggles, eyecup and cover types. For severe exposure, use face
shield.
DUST:
Source: Woodworking, buffing, general, buffing, general dusty conditions.
Hazard: Nuisance dust
Protection: Goggles, eye cup and cover type
2-7: Head Protection:
Hats and caps have been designed and manufactured to provide workers protection
from impact, heat, electrical and fire hazards. These protectors consist of the shell and
the suspension combined as a protective system. Safety hats and caps will be of
nonconductive, fire and water resistant materials. Bump caps or skull guards are
constructed of lightweight materials and are designed to provide minimal protection
against hazards when working in congested areas. Head protection will be furnished to,
and used by, all employees and contractors engaged in construction and other
miscellaneous work in head-hazard areas. Head protection will also be required to be
worn by engineers, inspectors, and visitors at construction sites. Bump caps/skull guards
will be issued to and worn for protection against scalp lacerations from contact with
sharp objects. They will not be worn as substitutes for safety caps/hats because they do
not afford protection from high impact forces or penetration by falling objects.
2-7.1: Selection guidelines for head protection:
All head protection is designed to provide protection from impact and penetration
hazards caused by falling objects. Head protection is also available which provides
protection from electric shock and burn. When selecting head protection, knowledge of
potential electrical hazards is important. Class A helmets, in addition to impact and
penetration resistance, provide electrical protection from low-voltage conductors (they
are proof tested to 2,200 volts). Class B helmets, in addition to impact and penetration
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resistance, provide electrical protection from high-voltage conductors (they are proof
tested to 20,000 volts). Class C helmets provide impact and penetration resistance (they
are usually made of aluminum which conducts electricity), and should not be used
around electrical hazards. Where falling object hazards are present, helmets must be
worn. Some examples include: working below other workers who are using tools and
materials which could fall; working around or under conveyor belts which are carrying
parts or materials; working below machinery or processes which might cause material
or objects to fall; and working on exposed energized conductors.
2-8: Foot Protection:
2-8.1: General requirements:
Each affected employee shall wear protective footwear when working in areas where
there is a danger of foot injuries due to falling or rolling objects, or objects piercing the
sole, and where employee's feet are exposed to electrical hazards.
2-8.2: Selection guidelines for foot protection:
Safety shoes and boots provide both impact and compression protection. Where
necessary, safety shoes can be obtained which provide puncture protection. In some
work situations, metatarsal protection should be provided, and in other special
situations electrical conductive or insulating safety shoes would be appropriate. Safety
shoes or boots with impact protection would be required for carrying or handling
materials such as packages, objects, parts or heavy tools, which could be dropped; and,
for other activities where objects might fall onto the feet. Safety shoes or boots with
compression protection would be required for work activities involving skid trucks
(manual material handling carts) around bulk rolls (such as paper rolls) and around
heavy pipes, all of which could potentially roll over an employee's feet. Safety shoes or
boots with puncture protection would be required where sharp objects such as nails,
wire, tacks, screws, large staples, scrap metal etc., could be stepped on by employees
causing a foot injury.
2-9: Hand Protection:
2-9.1: General Requirements
Hand protection is required when employees' hands are exposed to hazards such as
those from skin absorption of harmful substances; severe cuts or lacerations; severe
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abrasions; punctures; chemical burns; thermal burns; and harmful temperature
extremes.
Skin contact is a potential source of exposure to toxic materials; it is important that the
proper steps be taken to prevent such contact. Gloves should be selected on the basis of
the material being handled, the particular hazard involved, and their suitability for the
operation being conducted. One type of glove will not work in all situations.
Most accidents involving hands and arms can be classified under four main hazard
categories: chemicals, abrasions, cutting, and heat. There are gloves available that can
protect workers from any of these individual hazards or combination of hazards.
Gloves should be replaced periodically, depending on frequency of use and permeability
to the substance(s) handled. Gloves overtly contaminated should be rinsed and then
carefully removed after use.
Gloves should also be worn whenever it is necessary to handle rough or sharp-edged
objects, and very hot or very cold materials. The types of glove material to be used in
these situations include leather, welder's gloves, aluminum-backed gloves, and other
types of insulated glove materials.
Careful attention must be given to protecting your hands when working with tools and
machinery. Power tools and machinery must have guards installed or incorporated into
their design that prevent the hands from contacting the point of operation, power train,
or other moving parts. To protect the hands from injury due to contact with moving
parts, it is important to:
• Ensure that guards are always in place and used.
• Always lock out machines or tools and disconnect the power before making repairs.
• Treat a machine without a guard as inoperative; and
• Do not wear gloves around moving machinery, such as drill presses, mills, lathes, and
grinders.
2-9.2: Selection Guidelines for Hand Protection:
Selection guidelines for hand protection provides protection against all potential hand
hazards, and commonly available glove materials Selection of hand PPE shall be based
on an evaluation of the performance characteristics of the hand protection relative to
the task(s) to be performed, conditions present, duration of use, and the hazards and
potential hazards identified. Gloves are often relied upon to prevent cuts, abrasions,
burns, and skin contact with chemicals that are capable of causing local or systemic
effects following dermal exposure. There are gloves that provide only limited protection
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against many chemicals. Therefore, it is important to select the most appropriate glove
for a particular application and to determine how long it can be worn, and whether it
can be reused. It is also important to know the performance characteristics of gloves
relative to the specific hazard anticipated; e.g., chemical hazards, cut hazards, flame
hazards, etc. Before purchasing gloves, request documentation from the manufacturer
that the gloves meet the appropriate test standard(s) for the hazard(s) anticipated.
Other factors to be considered for glove selection in general include:
(A) As long as the performance characteristics are acceptable, in certain circumstances,
it may be more cost effective to regularly change cheaper gloves than to reuse more
expensive types. (B) The work activities of the employee should be studied to determine
the degree of dexterity required, the duration, frequency, and degree of exposure of the
hazard, and the physical stresses that will be applied.
2-9.3: Selection of gloves for chemical hazards:
The first consideration in the selection of gloves for use against chemicals is to
determine, if possible, the exact nature of the substances to be encountered. Read
instructions and warnings on chemical container labels and MSDSs before working with
any chemical. Recommended glove types are often listed in the section for personal
protective equipment.
All glove materials are eventually permeated by chemicals. However, they can be used
safely for limited time periods if specific use and glove characteristics (i.e., thickness and
permeation rate and time) are known. The safety office can assist is determining the
specific type of glove material that should be worn for a particular chemical.
(A) The toxic properties of the chemical(s) must be determined; in particular,
the ability of the chemical to cause local effects on the skin and/or to pass
through the skin and cause systemic effects.
(B) Generally, any "chemical resistant" glove can be used for dry powders;
(C) For mixtures and formulated products (unless specific test data are
available), a glove should be selected on the basis of the chemical component
with the shortest breakthrough time, since it is possible for solvents to carry
active ingredients through polymeric materials.
(D) Employees must be able to remove the gloves in such a manner as to
prevent skin contamination.
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SUB-SECTION # 3: LEAD/CADMIUM SAFETY PROGRAM
3-1: Purpose:
The purpose of the Company's Lead Safety Program is to protect both our employees and the
environment from lead contamination from our facility operations. The intent of our program is
to be in full, continuous compliance with OSHA Standard 29 CFR 1910.1025 and all other local,
State and Federal requirements for our industry.
3-2: Responsibilities:
3-2.1: Management:
Management will implement, maintain & monitor effectiveness of:
• entire lead safety program, including semi-annual revisions and updates to reflect the
current status of the program
• engineering & administrative controls for lead exposure
• employee training and awareness
• medical surveillance program
• respiratory protection program
• lead disposal program
• housekeeping program
• protective clothing issue, storage and disposal
3-2.2: Supervisors
Supervisors will:
• provide effective and continuous control of all lead operations
• immediately inform management of any deficiencies in engineering or administrative
controls • conduct routine assigned inspections and monitoring
• immediate correct any deviation from operational safety requirements
• provide immediate on-the-spot training for any employee who shows lack of
knowledge or application of required operational lead safety requirements
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• ensure all employees are properly trained before commencing any operation that may
contribute to lead exposure
3-2.3: Employees
Employees will:
• follow all operational and lead safety procedures
• seek immediate supervisor guidance to resolve questions
• conduct operations in accordance with company provided training
• immediately report to a supervisor any deficiency in engineering or administrative
controls
• properly use, store and dispose of issued and assigned personal protective clothing.
• maintain change and shower areas neat and orderly
3-3: Process, Control & Technical Information:
The following information that describes facility specific information concerning processes and
controls are maintained as an addendum to this written program:
a. Description of each operation in which lead is emitted; e.g. machinery used, material
processed, controls in place, crew size, employee job responsibilities, operating
procedures and maintenance practices.
b. Description of the specific means used to achieve compliance, including engineering
plans and studies used to determine methods selected for controlling exposure to lead.
c. Report of the technology considered in meeting the permissible exposure limit;
d. Air monitoring data which documents the source of lead emissions;
e. A detailed schedule for implementation of this program, including documentation
such as copies of purchase orders for equipment, construction contracts, etc.
f. Records of Employee Training and Notifications
g. Specific work practice program and controls for each operation involving lead
exposure
h. Administrative control schedule
i. All other relevant information
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3-4: Hazards
Pure lead (Pb) is a heavy metal at room temperature and pressure and is a basic chemical
element. It can combine with various other substances to form numerous lead compounds. The
Permissible Exposure Limit (PEL) set by OSHA is 50 micrograms of lead per cubic meter of air (50
ug/m(3)), averaged over an 8-hour workday.
Lead can be absorbed by inhalation (breathing) and ingestion (eating). Lead is not absorbed
through your skin. When lead is scattered in the air as a dust, fume or mist it can be inhaled and
absorbed through the lungs and upper respiratory tract. Lead can also be absorbed through the
digestive system if swallowed. Handling food, cigarettes, chewing tobacco, or make-up which
have lead contamination or handling them with hands contaminated with lead, will contribute
to ingestion.
A significant portion of inhaled or ingested lead goes into the blood stream. Once in the blood
stream, lead is circulated throughout the body and stored in various organs and body tissues.
Some of this lead is quickly filtered out of the body and excreted, but some remains in the blood
and other tissues. As exposure to lead continues, the amount stored in the body will increase.
Lead stored in body tissues can cause irreversible damage, first to individual cells, then to organs
and whole body systems.
3-4.1: Short-term (acute) effects of overexposure to lead:
Lead is a potent, systemic poison. Taken in large enough doses, lead can kill in a matter
of days. A condition affecting the brain called acute encephalopathy may a-rise which
develops quickly to seizures, coma, and death from cardio-respiratory arrest. There is no
sharp dividing line between rapidly developing acute effects of lead, and chronic effects
which take longer to acquire. Lead adversely affects numerous body systems, and
causes forms of health impairment and disease which arise after periods of exposure as
short as days or as long as several years.
3-4.2: Long-term (chronic) effective of overexposure to lead:
Chronic overexposure to lead may result in severe damage to blood-forming, nervous,
urinary and reproductive systems. Some common symptoms of chronic overexposure
include loss of appetite, metallic taste in the mouth, anxiety, constipation, nausea,
pallor, excessive tiredness, weakness, insomnia, headache, nervous irritability, muscle
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and joint pain or soreness, fine tremors, numbness, dizziness, hyperactivity and colic. In
lead colic there may be severe abdominal pain.
3-5: Monitoring:
3-5.1: Initial determination:
The company has made an initial determination of lead work areas and exposure levels
and will conduct subsequent "initial determinations" in the event of changes to hazard
control methods or operational processes that affect employee or environmental
exposure. Initial determinations are conducted to determine if any employee may be
exposed to lead at or above the action level of 30 micrograms per cubic meter of air (30
ug/m(3)) averaged over an 8-hour period. Where a determination is made that no
employee is exposed to airborne concentrations of lead at or above the action level, the
company shall maintain a written record. The record shall include quantitative sampling
data, date of determination, location within the worksite, and the name and social
security number of each employee monitored.
3-5.2: Monitoring requirements:
Monitoring and analysis methods shall have an accuracy (to a confidence level of 95%)
of not less than plus or minus 20 percent for airborne concentrations of lead equal to or
greater than 30 ug/m(3). Where a determination shows the possibility of any employee
exposure at or above the action level, the company shall conduct monitoring which is
representative of the exposure for each employee in the workplace or process area who
is exposed to lead. For the purposes of monitoring requirements, employee exposure is
that exposure which would occur if the employee were not using a respirator.
Monitoring and sample collection shall cover full shift (for at least 7 continuous hours)
personal samples including at least one sample for each shift for each job classification
in each work area. Full shift personal samples must be representative of the monitored
employee's regular, daily exposure to lead.
3-6: Monitoring Frequency
3-6.1: At or Above Action Level and Below PEL
Every 6 months from the initial determination or subsequent monitoring
reveals employee exposure to be at or above the action level but below the
permissible exposure limit. This monitoring (6 month frequency) will continue
until at least two consecutive measurements, taken at least 7 days apart, are
below the action level.
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3-6.2: Above PEL
If the initial monitoring reveals that employee exposure is above the
permissible exposure limit the company will repeat monitoring quarterly.
Quarterly monitoring will continue until at least two consecutive
measurements, taken at least 7 days apart, are below the PEL but at or above
the action level.
3-6.3: Additional monitoring
Whenever there has been a production, process, control or personnel change
which may result in new or additional exposure to lead, or whenever any other
reason to suspect a change which may result in new or additional exposures to
lead, additional monitoring will be conducted.
3-6.4: Employee Notification of Monitoring Results
Within 5 working days after the receipt of monitoring results, each employee
will be notified in writing of the results which represent that employee's
exposure. Whenever the results indicate that the representative employee
exposure, without regard to respirators, exceeds the permissible exposure limit,
the written notice will include a statement that the permissible exposure limit
was exceeded and a description of the corrective action taken or to be taken to
reduce exposure to or below the permissible exposure limit.
3-6.5: Observation of monitoring
The company provides affected employees or their designated representatives
an opportunity to observe any monitoring of employee exposure to lead.
3-6.6: Observation procedures
Whenever observation of the monitoring of employee exposure to lead requires
entry into an area where the use of respirators, protective clothing or
equipment is required, the company will provide the observer with and assure
the use of respirators, clothing and equipment required, and will require the
observer to comply with all other applicable safety and health procedures.
Without interfering with the monitoring, observers are entitled to:
• Receive an explanation of the measurement procedures
• Observe all steps related to the monitoring of lead performed at the
place of exposure
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• Record the results obtained or receive copies of the results when
returned by the laboratory
3-7: Engineering Controls
Where any employee is exposed to lead above the permissible exposure limit for more than 30
days per year, the company will implement feasible engineering and work practice controls
(including administrative controls) to reduce and maintain employee exposure to lead.
Wherever the engineering and work practice controls which can be instituted are not sufficient
to reduce employee exposure to or below the permissible exposure limit, the company will still
use them to reduce exposures to the lowest feasible level and shall supplement them by the use
of respiratory protection. Where any employee is exposed to lead above the permissible
exposure limit, but for 30 days or less per year, the company will implement engineering
controls to reduce exposures to 200 ug/m(3), but thereafter may implement any combination of
engineering, work practice (including administrative controls), and respiratory controls to
reduce and maintain employee exposure to lead to or below 50 ug/m(3).
3-8: Mechanical ventilation
When ventilation is used to control exposure, measurements which demonstrate the
effectiveness of the system in controlling exposure, such as capture velocity, duct
velocity, or static pressure shall be made at least every 3 months. Measurements of the
system's effectiveness in controlling exposure shall be made within 5 days of any change
in production, process, or control which might result in a change in employee exposure
to lead.
3-8.1: Recirculation of air
If air from exhaust ventilation is re-circulated into the workplace, the system
must include:
• a high efficiency filter with reliable back-up filter; and
• controls to monitor the concentration of lead in the return air and to
bypass the recirculation system automatically if it fails are installed,
operating, and maintained.
3-8.2: Administrative Controls
If administrative controls are used as a means of reducing employees TWA
exposure to lead, the company shall establish and implement a job rotation
schedule which includes:
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• Name or identification number of each affected employee
• Duration and exposure levels at each job or work station where each
affected employee is located
• Other information which may be useful in assessing the reliability of
administrative controls to reduce exposure to lead
Administrative control information and records will be maintained as an
addendum to this written program.
3-9: Respirators
When respirators are used to supplement engineering and work practice controls to comply
with the PEL and all other requirements have been met, employee exposure, for the purpose of
determining compliance with the PEL, may be considered to be at the level provided by the
protection factor of the respirator for those periods the respirator is worn. Those periods may
be averaged with exposure levels during periods when respirators are not worn to determine
the employee's daily TWA exposure. The respiratory protection program will be conducted in
accordance with 29 CFR 1910.134 (b) through (d) (except (d)(1)(iii)), and (f) through (m). The
company will provide a powered air-purifying respirator when an employee chooses to use this
type of respirator and such a respirator provides adequate protection to the employee.
3-9.1: Respirators must be used during:
• Periods necessary to install or implement engineering or work-practice
controls.
• Work operations for which engineering and work-practice controls are not
sufficient to reduce employee exposures to or below the permissible exposure
limit.
• Periods when an employee requests a respirator
3-10: Protective Clothing & Equipment
If an employee is exposed to lead above the PEL, without regard to the use of respirators or
where the possibility of skin or eye irritation exists, the company will provide at no cost to the
employee appropriate protective work clothing and equipment such as, but not limited to:
• Coveralls or similar full-body work clothing;
• Gloves, hats, and shoes or disposable shoe coverlets; and
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• Face shields, vented goggles, or other appropriate protective equipment
3-10.1: Cleaning and replacement
The company will:
• provide the protective clothing in a clean and dry condition at least weekly,
and daily to employees whose exposure levels without regard to a respirator are
over 200 ug/m(3) of lead as an 8-hour TWA.
• provide for the cleaning, laundering, or disposal of protective clothing and
equipment
• repair or replace required protective clothing and equipment as needed to
maintain their effectiveness.
• assure that all protective clothing is removed at the completion of a work shift
only in change rooms provided for that purpose
• assure that contaminated protective clothing which is to be cleaned,
laundered, or disposed of, is placed in a closed container in the change-room
which prevents dispersion of lead outside the container.
• inform in writing any person who cleans or launders protective clothing or
equipment of the potentially harmful effects of exposure to lead.
• assure that the containers of contaminated protective clothing and equipment
required by paragraph (g)(2)(v) are labeled as follows:
CAUTION: CLOTHING CONTAMINATED WITH LEAD. DO NOT REMOVE DUST BY
BLOWING OR SHAKING. DISPOSE OF LEAD CONTAMINATED WASH WATER IN
ACCORDANCE WITH APPLICABLE LOCAL, STATE, OR FEDERAL REGULATIONS.
• prohibit the removal of lead from protective clothing or equipment by blowing,
shaking, or any other means which disperses lead into the air.
3-11: Housekeeping
• All surfaces shall be maintained as free as practicable of accumulations of lead.
• Floors and other surfaces where lead accumulates may not be cleaned by the use of
compressed air.
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• Shoveling, dry or wet sweeping, and brushing may be used only where vacuuming or other
equally effective methods have been tried and found not to be effective.
• Where vacuuming methods are used, the vacuums shall be used and emptied in a manner
which minimizes the reentry of lead into the workplace.
3-12: Hygiene Facilities & Practices
The following is requirements pertain to all areas where employees are exposed to lead above
the PEL, without regard to the use of respirators:
• No storage or consumption of food or beverages
• No tobacco product storage or use
• No cosmetics stored or used
• No personal clothing or articles, except in authorized change areas
3-13: Change rooms
Clean change rooms are provided for employees who work in areas where their airborne
exposure to lead is above the PEL. Change rooms are equipped with separate storage facilities
for protective work clothing and equipment and for street clothes which prevent crosscontamination. Employees who are required to shower after work shifts are not allowed to
leave the workplace wearing any clothing or equipment worn during the work shift.
3-14: Showers
Employees who work in areas where their airborne exposure to lead is above the PEL must
shower at the end of the each work shift.
3-15: Lunchrooms
Separate lunchroom facilities are provided for employees who work in areas where their
airborne exposure to lead is above the PEL. These facilities are temperature controlled, have
positive pressure and filtered air supply, and are readily accessible to employees. All affected
employees must wash their hands and face prior to eating, drinking, smoking or applying
cosmetics in the lunchroom area. Employees may not enter lunchroom facilities with protective
work clothing or equipment unless surface lead dust has been removed by vacuuming, down
draft booth, or other cleaning method.
3-16: Lavatories
An adequate number of separate lavatory facilities are maintained for employees who work in
lead controlled process areas.
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3-17: Signs
Proper signs will be posted at the entrance and exits to all lead hazard areas. No other signs or
statements may appear on or near any lead hazard sign which contradicts or detracts from the
meaning of the required sign. All lead hazard signs will be kept illuminated and cleaned as
necessary so that the legend is readily visible. The signs will contain the following or other
appropriate wording/warning:
WARNING
LEAD WORK AREA
POISON
NO SMOKING OR EATING
3-18: Employee Training
All affected employees will participate in the company Lead Safety Training program. All
affected employees will be trained prior to the time of initial job assignment and at least
annually.
3-18.1: Employee training will consist of
• specific OSHA requirements contained in
o 1910.1025 - OSHA Lead Standard
o 1910.1025 App A - Substance data sheet for occupational exposure to lead
o 1910.1025 App B - Employee standard summary
• specific nature of the operations which could result in exposure to lead above the
action level
• purpose, proper selection, fitting, use, and limitations of respirators;
• purpose and a description of the medical surveillance program, and the medical
removal protection program including information concerning the adverse health
effects associated with excessive exposure to lead (with particular attention to the
adverse reproductive effects on both males and females);
• engineering controls and work practices associated with the employee's job
assignment;
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• contents of the company compliance plan
• instructions that chelating agents should not routinely be used to remove lead from
their bodies and should not be used at all except under the direction of a licensed
physician
• materials pertaining to the Occupational Safety and Health Act
A copy of the OSHA standard 1910.1025 and its appendices will be readily available to all
affected employees.
3-19: Medical Surveillance
The company has instituted a medical surveillance program for all employees who are or may be
exposed above the action l evel for more than 30 days per year. This medical surveillance
program and all medical examinations and procedures are performed by or under the
supervision of a licensed physician. The program functions under the requirements of OSHA
Standard 1910.1025. Elements of the program include:
• Biological monitoring
• Employee notification
• Medical examinations and consultations
• Medical removal protection
• Medical removal protection benefits
3-20: Recordkeeping
All records relating to the company lead safety program are to be maintained for at least 40 years or for
the duration of employment plus 20 years, whichever is longer. The following records will be established
and maintained:
3-20.1: Exposure monitoring
• Date(s), number, duration, location and results of each of the samples taken, including
a description of the sampling procedure used to determine representative employee
exposure where applicable
• Description of the sampling and analytical methods used and evidence of their
accuracy
• Type of respiratory protective devices worn, if any
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• Name, social security number, and job classification of the employee monitored and of
all other employees whose exposure the measurement is intended to represent
• Environmental variables that could affect the measurement of employee exposure
3-20.2: Medical surveillance
• The name, social security number, and description of the duties of the employee;
• A copy of the physician's written opinions;
• Results of any airborne exposure monitoring done for that employee and the
representative exposure levels supplied to the physician
• Any employee medical complaints related to exposure to lead.
• A copy of the medical examination results including medical and work history
• A description of the laboratory procedures and a copy of any standards or guidelines
used to interpret the test results or references to that information;
• A copy of the results of biological monitoring.
3-20.3: Medical removals
• Name and social security number of the employee;
• Date on each occasion that the employee was removed from current exposure to lead
as well as the corresponding date on which the employee was returned to his or her
former job status;
• Brief explanation of how each removal was or is being accomplished; and
• Statement with respect to each removal indicating whether or not the reason for the
removal was an elevated blood lead level.
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3-21: Lead Health Hazard Information for Employee
Prevention of adverse health effects for most workers from exposure to lead throughout a
working lifetime requires that worker blood lead (PbB) levels be maintained at or below forty
micrograms per one hundred grams of whole blood (40 ug/100g). The blood lead levels of
workers (both male and female workers) who intend to have children should be maintained
below 30 ug/100g to minimize adverse reproductive health effects to the parents and to the
developing fetus.
The measurement of your blood lead level is the most useful indicator of the amount of lead
being absorbed by your body. Blood lead levels (PbB) are most often reported in units of
milligrams (mg) or micrograms (ug) of lead (1 mg=1000 ug) per 100 grams (100g), 100 milliters
(100 ml) or deciliter (dl) of blood. These three units are essentially the same. Sometime PbB's
are expressed in the form of mg% or ug%. This is a shorthand notation for 100g, 100 ml, or dl.
PbB measurements show the amount of lead circulating in your blood stream, but do not give
any information about the amount of lead stored in your various tissues. PbB measurements
merely show current absorption of lead, not the effect that lead is having on your body or the
effects that past lead exposure may have already caused. Past research into lead-related
diseases, however, has focused heavily on associations between PbBs and various diseases. As a
result, your PbB is an important indicator of the likelihood that you will gradually acquire a leadrelated health impairment.
Once your blood lead level climbs above 40 ug/100g, your risk of disease increases. There is a
wide variability of individual response to lead, thus it is difficult to say that a particular PbB in a
given person will cause a particular effect. Studies have associated fatal encephalopathy with
PbBs as low as 150 ug/100g. Other studies have shown other forms of diseases in some workers
with PbBs well below 80 ug/100g. Your PbB is a crucial indicator of the risks to your health, but
one other factor is also extremely important. This factor is the length of time you have had
elevated PbBs. The longer you have an elevated PbB, the greater the risk that large quantities of
lead are being gradually stored in your organs and tissues (body burden). The greater your
overall body burden, the greater the chances of substantial permanent damage.
The best way to prevent all forms of lead-related impairments and diseases-both short term and
long term- is to maintain your PbB below 40 ug/100g. The company lead safety program is
designed with this end in mind. You as a worker have a responsibility to assist in complying with
the company program. You play a key role in protecting your own health by learning about the
lead hazards and their control, learning what the company program requires and following
management and supervisor requirements where they govern your own actions.
3-21.1: Reporting signs and symptoms of health problems
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You should immediately notify your supervisor if you develop signs or symptoms
associated with lead poisoning or if you desire medical advice concerning the effects of
current or past exposure to lead on your ability to have a healthy child. You should also
notify your supervisor if you have difficulty breathing during a respirator fit test or while
wearing a respirator. In each of these cases the company will make available to you
appropriate medical examinations or consultations. These must be provided at no cost
to you and at a reasonable time and place.
3-21.2: Exposure Level
The company program sets a permissible exposure limit (PEL) of fifty micrograms of lead
per cubic meter of air (50 ug/m(3)), averaged over an 8-hour work-day. This is the
highest level of lead in air to which you may be permissibly exposed over an 8-hour
workday. Since it is an 8-hour average it permits short exposures above the PEL so long
as for each 8-hour work day your average exposure does not exceed the PEL.
This company recognizes that your daily exposure to lead can extend beyond a typical 8hour workday as the result of overtime or other alterations in your work schedule. To
deal with this, our program contains the below formula which reduces your permissible
exposure when you are exposed more than 8 hours. For example, if you are exposed to
lead for 10 hours a day, the maximum permitted average exposure would be 40
ug/m(3).
3-21.3: Formula
Maximum permissible limit (in ug/m(3))=400 divided by hours worked in the day.
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SUB-SECTION #4: CADMIUM AND OTHER HEAVY METALS SAFETY PROGRAM
4-1: Purpose
The purpose of this program is to protect employees from the hazards associated with heavy
metals such as cadmium and arsenic and chemicals containing these metals. This policy will be
made available to all Employees and a copy may be retained by effected employees.
4-2: SCOPE
This program applies to all Vast Construction work sites and client facilities that have cadmium
or arsenic and chemicals containing these metals.
4-3: RESPONSIBILITIES
4-3.1: Vast Construction is responsible for :
a) developing and implementing a Company program;
b) monitoring compliance with the OSHA Standards for arsenic (29 CFR 1910.1018) and
cadmium (29 CFR 1910.1027);
c) providing general Cadmium and Other Heavy Metals Safety training;
d) conducting exposure assessments and evaluating exposure control measures as
necessary;
e) investigating accidents; and
f) maintaining employee training records, exposure records and update program as
changes occur.
The program review will be done annually by safety.
4-3.2: Supervisors and Employees are responsible for:
a) ensuring worksite compliance with all the procedures outlined in this program.
4-3.3: Supervisors’ responsibilities include:
a) ensuring compliance with this program in their work area;
b) developing Standard Operating Procedures that address the specific safety measures
to be implemented when using these chemicals;
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c) coordinating the provision of medical examinations, exposure monitoring and
recordkeeping, as required;
d) ensuring employees with potential exposure receive the appropriate training before
working with these chemicals;
e) arranging for immediate emergency response, if necessary, for chemical spills,
injuries and overexposures;
f) maintaining an MSDS for the chemicals in the work area; and
g) notifying Safety when there is a change in equipment, processes or controls which
may result in additional exposure to these chemicals.
4-3.4: Employees are required to:
a) know the provisions of this program;
b) report accidents, possible overexposures or unsafe conditions to their supervisor; and
c) wear/utilize Personal Protective Equipment and engineering controls when
recommended and provided.
4-4: HAZARD DATA
4-4.1: Cadmium
Cadmium can be inhaled or ingested. Local skin and eye irritation may occur if contact
with cadmium compounds occurs.
4-4.1.1: Acute Exposures
High exposures may cause mild irritation of the upper respiratory tract, a
sensation of throat constriction, a metallic taste in the mouth and/or cough. Up
to ten (10) hours later, exposed persons may notice a progressive shortness of
breath, chest pain and flu-like symptoms (weakness, fever, headache, chills,
sweating and muscular pain). Acute pulmonary edema may also develop.
4-4.1.2: Chronic Exposures
Repeated long-term exposure to cadmium may result in kidney damage and an
increased risk of lung or prostate cancer. There is reported evidence that arsenic
causes teratogenic effects (fetal damage) in laboratory test animals.
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4-4.2: Arsenic
Arsenic can be inhaled or ingested. Skin and eye irritation may occur if contact with
arsenic compounds occurs. Some arsenic compounds, such as Arsenic trichloride, are
readily absorbed through the skin.
4-4.2.1: Acute Exposures
Short-term exposures to high concentrations of arsenic may cause irritation of
the respiratory tract and ulceration of the nasal septum. If arsenic is ingested,
symptoms may include burning lips, throat constriction, severe stomach pain,
nausea and projectile vomiting. Skin exposure may cause dermatitis.
4-4.2.2: Chronic Exposures
Long-term exposures to arsenic may cause lung cancer, skin cancer, liver cancer
or cancers of the larynx or lymphoid systems. Repeated exposure may cause
nerve damage with burning, numbness and weakness of the arms and legs.
There is reported evidence that arsenic causes teratogenic effects (fetal
damage) in laboratory test animals.
4-4.3: PERMISSIBLE EXPOSURE LIMITS
OSHA has issued the following guidelines for employee exposures to reduce the
potential for adverse health effects.
Chemical
Action Level
PEL
Cadmium
2.5 µ g/m3
5 µ g/m3
Inorganic Arsenic
5 µ g/m3
10 µ g/m3
*micrograms per cubic meter of air
4-4.3.1: Action Level
The concentration of a chemical in air, calculated as an 8-hour time-weighted
average, which initiates certain required activities such as exposure monitoring
and medical surveillance.
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4-4.3.2: Permissible Exposure Limit (PEL)
The greatest concentration, calculated as an 8-hour time-weighted average,
which nearly all workers may be repeatedly exposed during their 8-hour workshift without experiencing adverse health effects.
4-5: EMPLOYEE EXPOSURE ASSESSMENT
Whenever cadmium or arsenic compounds are used in a work area, Safety will conduct air
monitoring to determine employee exposures. Measurements of employee exposures will be
representative of a full shift and will be taken for each job classification in each work area. If
employee exposures are found to be at or above the action level but below the PEL, Safety will
repeat air monitoring every six (6) months. If exposures are above the PEL, air monitoring will be
conducted quarterly. Monitoring will continue until exposures can be reduced below these
levels by engineering or administrative controls.
Air monitoring will be conducted promptly in a work area if employees are experiencing signs or
symptoms of exposure. Air monitoring will be repeated in an area each time there is a change in
equipment, processes or controls which may result in additional exposure. Safety must be
notified to conduct this monitoring.
4-6: REDUCING EMPLOYEE EXPOSURE TO CADMIUM AND OTHER HEAVY METALS
4-6.1: Substitution
When possible, substitution of a less hazardous chemical or p rocess will be used to
reduce or eliminate cadmium or arsenic exposures.
4-6.2: Engineering Controls
When possible, chemical fume hoods and/or local exhaust ventilation will be used to
reduce exposures to cadmium or arsenic. Local exhaust is used to capture and exhaust
contaminants, preventing high exposures in the employee's breathing zone. Local
exhaust used to reduce employee exposures to these chemicals will be tested annually
by Safety.
4-6.3: Administrative Controls
If engineering controls cannot be implemented, alteration of work practices will be used
to reduce exposures to lead, cadmium or arsenic. This could include limiting the amount
of time employees spend working in high exposure areas by rotating personnel.
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4-6.4: Personal Protective Equipment (PPE)
The type of Personal Protective Equipment necessary will vary depending on the
concentration, amount used and the potential for splashing. PPE may include goggles,
face shields, gloves, sarynex, tyvek, aprons and arm sleeves. Skin and eye protection is
especially necessary when using cadmium or arsenic compounds. Safety can provide
your area with guidance on the appropriate PPE.
4-6.5: Respirators
If employee exposures are found to exceed the PEL, respirators will be provided until
feasible engineering or administrative controls can be implemented. Respirator use and
type will be determined by Safety, based on air monitoring results. If respirator use is
necessary, employees must be medically cleared by Safety to wear a respirator and fittested and trained by Safety before using a respirator. Training and fit-testing will be
done every six (6) months for those employees exposed to lead or arsenic and annually
for employees exposed to cadmium. (You may refer to WCFS Respirator program 5-1 for
more detail)
All Personal Protective Equipment must be inspected by employees prior to each use.
Personal Protective Equipment must be stored in a clean and sanitary manner.
Respirators should be inspected by supervisors each month to ensure they are being
used, stored and cleaned properly.
4-6.6: Hygiene
To prevent the accidental ingestion of cadmium or arsenic, eating, drinking and smoking
are prohibited in areas where these chemicals are used. In addition, employees must
wash their hands after using these chemicals. Protective clothing contaminated with
cadmium or arsenic must not be taken home by employees. Arrangements must be
made by the Department to have all reusable protective clothing laundered.
4-6.7: Emergency Eyewash and Shower
If there is a possibility that employees’ skin or eyes may be splashed by cadmium- or
arsenic-containing solutions, an emergency shower/drench hose and plumbed
emergency eyewash should be provided in the work area. Employees must be instructed
on the proper use of the eyewash and emergency showers. If an employee’s eyes or skin
is splashed, the employee must flush them immediately and continue for 15 minutes.
Employees should then seek medical attention.
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4-7: SIGNAGE AND LABELING
4-7.1: Regulated Areas
DANGER - Cadmium
Cancer Hazard - Can Cause Lung and Kidney Disease
Authorized Personnel Only
Respirator Required in this Area
No Smoking or Eating
DANGER - Inorganic Arsenic
Cancer Hazard
Authorized Personnel Only
No Smoking or Eating
Respirator Required
Areas where the airborne levels of cadmium or arsenic are found to exceed the PELs will
be designated as regulated areas. Access to these areas will be limited to persons
trained to recognize the hazards of these chemicals. All entrances and access ways will
be posted with signs bearing the following information:
4-7.2 Container Labels
If a chemical product containing cadmium or arsenic is transferred into a container
other than the original, it must be labeled with the following information:
DANGER
Contains Cadmium
Cancer Hazard - Can Cause Lung and Kidney Disease
Avoid Creating Dust
DANGER
Contains Inorganic Arsenic
Cancer Hazard
Harmful if Inhaled or Swallowed
Use Only with Adequate Ventilation or
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Respiratory Protection
Safety will provide these labels upon request. When labeling containers using Pneuamtic
labeling policy, use the following hazard ratings:
Chemical
Cadmium and Compounds
Arsenic and Compounds
Health
3
Flammability
0*
Reactivity
0*
Protective Equipment
on the use, and must
3
0*
0*
be at least a B.
*Some compounds of these metals may be flammable or reactive. Please contact Safety for
chemical-specific hazard ratings.
Labels are provided by Safety. Refer to Vast Construction’s Hazard Communication Program
(Section 7-1 in the Safety Manual) for more information.
4-8: STANDARD OPERATING PROCEDURES
Work with cadmium or arsenic requires a written Standard Operating Procedure (SOP) that
addresses the following:
1.
the hazards of cadmium or arsenic;
2.
what containment devices (i.e., chemical fume hoods, glove boxes) will be used when
working with these chemicals;
3.
what Personal Protective Equipment is required;
4.
designated storage and use areas;
5.
how to dispose of waste solutions; and
6.
decontamination procedures.
4-9: EMPLOYEE INFORMATION AND TRAINING
Every employee working with cadmium or arsenic must receive training on the hazards of these
chemicals. A training module will be provided to supervisors with employees working with these
chemicals. Safety will review this information with employees annually. It will cover the
following:
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1.
requirements of the appropriate OSHA Standard;
2.
explanation of this program;
3.
contents of the Material Safety Data Sheet (MSDS) for cadmium or arsenic;
4.
description of the medical surveillance program;
5.
description of the health hazards associated with exposure;
6.
signs and symptoms of exposure;
7.
instructions to report any signs or symptoms that may be attributable to exposure;
8.
description of the operations in the work area where these chemicals are present;
9.
work practices to reduce exposure, including engineering and administrative controls and
Personal Protective Equipment required; and
10.
instructions for handling spills and emergency procedures.
This training must be conducted whenever a new hazard is introduced into the work area, when
the employee transfers to another job, and whenever the employee demonstrates behavior that
indicates a lack of understanding of the safe handling of chemicals. This training will be recorded
by employee, date of training and singed by the instructor.
These records will be maintained not less than one year.
Supervisors are responsible for ensuring that employees with potential exposure to cadmium or
arsenic receive the appropriate training before working with it. To ensure that supervisors are
knowledgeable of their training responsibilities, safety will conduct train-the-trainer courses and
provide training modules for all supervisors. All training must be documented by the individual
presenting the training session and a copy of the training records will be submitted to Safety.
4-10: MEDICAL SURVEILLANCE
Employees found to have exposures that exceed the action level for at least 30 days per year
will be included in a medical surveillance program. These employees will complete a medical
questionnaire annually and receive a physical examination . The physical may include urine and
blood tests or x-rays, depending on the exposure. Employees must receive medical attention
under the following circumstances:
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1.
whenever an employee has developed signs or symptoms associated with exposure to lead,
cadmium or arsenic
2.
whenever an employee is involved in a spill, leak, or other occurrence resulting in a possible
overexposure to cadmium or arsenic
Employees that are required to wear respirators, as determined by Safety, must be medically
cleared to use a respirator.
4-10.1: Medical Removal
If an employee’s biological monitoring tests (blood tests, urine tests) are abnormal or if
the employee is showing evidence of an illness associated with exposure to these
chemicals, Safety or a physician may decide to medically remove the employee. The
employee may be moved from areas where exposures exceed the action level to areas
where there is no exposure for the duration recommended by the physician. If safety or
a physician determines that the symptoms may be the result of a possible overexposure,
Safety will evaluate the work area to determine if further control measures are
necessary.
4-11: SPILLS
Please refer to Vast Constructions Hazwoper Program (Section 27-1 in Safety Manual) for
detailed information. Small spills can be cleaned up with absorbent material. The appropriate
Personal Protective Equipment, such as safety glasses and chemical resistant gloves, must be
used to prevent skin contact with the chemical. The spill clean-up materials must be doublebagged, tightly closed, labeled and picked up by for disposal. If you experience any symptoms of
exposure while cleaning up the spill, stop immediately and contact your supervisor for
assistance.
4-12: DISPOSAL
All chemical waste must be disposed of according to Vast Construction or client policy. These
documents must be referenced before any chemical is disposed of into the trash, into the sewer
or allowed to evaporate. When in doubt, contact safety for clarification.
4-13: STORAGE
Store all cadmium and arsenic compounds in tightly closed containers in a well-ventilated area
away from heat.
4-14: EMERGENCY PLAN
In the event of an emergency situation employees will report the spill or release to their
supervisor and the supervisor will respond to the problem in accordance with the Vast
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Construction written Hazwoper Program and Site Safety Plan located in 27-1 of this Safety
manual.
4-15: MAINTAINANCE
Maintenance work on ventilations systems such as changing filters and repair work will only
take place after the Safety department has taken samples and assessed the work environment.
They will provide the work group with the proper PPE and the site for the disposal of
contaminated material, decontamination area and procedures for the job.
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SUB-SECTION #5: RESPIRATORY PROTECTION PROGRAM
5-1: Purpose
This program establishes requirements for the proper use of respirators for all Vast
Construction, LLC employees.
5-2: Administration
Management and supervision are responsible for properly administering the Respirator
Protection Program.
Each employee is responsible for the proper use and care of all respiratory protection
equipment.
5-3: Management Responsibilities
5-3.1: Management and supervision shall insure that the Respiratory Protection Plan is properly
Administered and evaluate annually and update as changes may occur.
5-3.2: Vast Construction, LLC. shall provide proper respiratory protection and training when such
equipment is necessary to protect the health of employees and at no cost to the employee. C.
Vast Construction will also provide medical testing to ensure that the employee is capable of
wearing a respirator also at no cost to the employee.
5-3.3: Management and safety will conduct regular audits to access the employees views on the
program in regards to fit, maintenance, selection and use of the respiratory equipment.
5-4: Employee Responsibilities
The effectiveness of the Respiratory Protection Program will be evaluated annually by
Management and the Safety Department.
5-4.1: The employees shall use proper respiratory protection in accordance with the
manufacturer’s instruction and training, and the instructions and training provided by
Vast Construction LLC.
5-4.2: The employee shall take proper care of the respiratory equipment.
5-4.3: The employee shall report any malfunction of the respiratory equipment to
his/her supervisor immediately. The supervisor shall notify the Safety Department.
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5-4.4: The employee shall notify his/her supervisor of changes in their medical status
that may impact their ability to safely wear respiratory equipment. All notification shall
be forwarded to the Safety Department.
5-5: Definitions
5-5.1: Air-Line Supplied Air Respiratory Equipment: Breathing air is supplied through a small
diameter hose from compressed breathing air cylinder(s). The hose is attached to the wearer by
a belt. An escape pack is a 3 to 5 minute self contained escape unit for egress, should the wearer
lose the supplied air source. A flow control valve or orifice is provided to govern the rate of air
flow to the wearer’s face piece. Exhaled air passes to the ambient atmosphere through a valve
in the face mask.
5-5.2: Air Purifying Respirator: Ambient air, prior to being inhaled, is passed through a fiber,
cartridge or combination of these. Breathing action of wearer operates the non-powered type.
Three types of air purifying respirators are:
A. Vapor and Gas Removing Respirator
B. Particulate Removing Respirator
C. Combination Particulate, Vapor and Gas Removing Respirator
These types of respirators can only be used when the oxygen content is 19.5% or higher, and the
containment level is known to be within the limitations of the respirator cartridge being used.
5-5.3: Approved: Tested and certified by the National Institute for Occupational Safety and
Health (NIOSH).
5-5.4: Air Purifying Cartridge: Air Purifying Cartridge is a canister, which attaches directly to the
face piece.
5-5.5: Emergency Respiratory Equipment Use: This is the wearing of supplied air equipment
with an egress bottle or a self-contained breathing apparatus when a hazardous atmosphere
suddenly occurs which requires immediate use of respiratory equipment for escape from the
hazardous atmosphere. Use for entry into a hazardous atmosphere to carry out maintenance,
personnel rescue or other necessary emergency.
5-5.6: Hazardous Atmosphere: Hazardous Atmosphere is any atmosphere, immediately
dangerous to life or health, oxygen deficient or which contains a toxic contaminant exceeding
the established permissible exposure limit, or other recognized recommended standards.
5-5.7: Pressure Demand: Positive pressure is maintained in the face piece so that no leakage
into the mask occurs.
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5-5.8: Sanitization: Sanitization is the removal of dirt and the inhibiting of the action of agents
that cause infection or disease.
5-5.9: Self-contained Breathing Air Apparatus (SCBA): This unit, sometimes referred to as a 30minute back pack, provides protection in toxic atmospheres, either contaminated or oxygen
deficient. The apparatus shall consist of the following component parts:
A. Mask
B. Back frame and Harness Assembly
C. Cylinder
D. Single Stage Reducer
E. Audible End-of-Service Alarm
5-5.10: Single Use Respirator: This is a respirator designed for a single use and then disposed of.
5-5.11: Sorbent: A material contained in a cartridge or canister, which removes or neutralizes
toxic gases and vapors from the inhaled air.
5-5.12: Time Weighted Average (TWA): TWA is the average concentration of a contaminant in
air during a specific time period.
5-5.13: Oxygen Deficient Atmosphere: Oxygen Deficient Atmosphere is an atmosphere that has
less than 19.5% oxygen by volume. Normal atmospheric air contains 10.9% oxygen by volume.
An oxygen deficient atmosphere is Immediately Dangerous to Life and Health (IDLH).
5-5.14: Particulate Contaminants: Particulate Contaminants are solid or liquid matter
suspended in air. They may be classified according to their physical state or according to their
effects on the body.
Physical classification examples of particulate contaminants are as follows:
A. Dust - Solid particles generated by crushing, grinding, handling, etc.
B. Fume - Minute solid particles arising from the heating of a solid.
C. Mist - Suspended liquid droplets generated by condensation from the gaseous to the
liquid state, or by the breaking up of a liquid into a dispersant.
Physiological classification examples of particulate contaminants are as follows:
A. Nuisance and/or Inert Particles - Produce no known injuries when inhaled, but may
cause some discomfort and minor irritation. Examples are dust containing particulate,
clay and limestone.
5-5.15: Gaseous Contaminants: This is a state of matter for a material where it can expand and
contract greatly in response to changes in temperature and pressure. Gaseous contaminants
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may be classified according to their chemical properties or their physiological effects on the
body.
Chemical Property classification examples of gaseous contaminants are:
A. Acidic - Gaseous contaminants that demonstrate acid properties. An example is
chlorine gas or sulfur dioxide.
B. Organic - Gaseous contaminants that are composed of organic compounds. An
example is vapors from cleaning solvents.
Physiological classification examples of gaseous contaminants are:
A. Asphyxiant - Asphyxiants interfere with supply or use of oxygen in the body. Examples
are nitrogen and carbon monoxide.
B. System Poisons - These contaminants injure specific organs and body systems. An
example is hydrogen sulfide.
5-5.16: Immediately Dangerous to Life and Health (IDLH) Atmospheres: IDLH is an atmosphere
in which life cannot be sustained.
5-6: Program Requirements
5-6.1: Leaving a Hazardous Area: An employee wearing respiratory equipment shall be
permitted to leave a contaminated area for any reason that may cause him/her to suspect that
he/she is ill or the respiratory equipment is not functioning properly.
Reasons for causing a wearer to leave a hazardous area include, but not limited to, the
following:
1.
Malfunction of the respiratory equipment.
2.
Leakage of the outside atmosphere into the face piece.
3.
Difficulty in breathing.
4.
Discomfort from wearing respiratory equipment.
5.
Illness including one or more of the following:
1.
Dizziness
2.
Nausea
3.
Weakness
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4.
Breathing difficulty
5.
Coughing
6.
Sneezing
7.
Vomiting
8.
Fever
9.
Chills
5-6.2: Respiratory Equipment Selection: Vast Construction Safety will identify the hazards and
select the proper respirator for use based upon the following and provide one of the following
respirators. 3M 6000, 3M 6800 and Scott AV 2000
A. The nature of the hazardous operation.
B. The nature of the hazard including one or more of the following:
1. Physical characteristics
2. Chemical properties
3. Warning properties
4. Physiological effects
5. Contaminant concentration
6. Activities of the worker
7. Respiratory equipment capabilities
8. Respiratory equipment limitations
C. The period of time for which respiratory protection must be worn.
D. Air purifying respiratory equipment may be worn only when following conditions
exist:
1. The concentrations of the contaminants are not expected to work while work
is in progress.
2. The contaminants do not contain chlorine, carbon monoxide or hydrogen
sulfide.
3. All types and concentrations have been identified.
4. The maximum contaminant concentrations do not exceed the manufacturer’s
design use limit assigned to the respiratory equipment.
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5. The oxygen concentration at the job site is greater than 19.5% but not over
23.5%.
5-6.3: Training: The Safety Department and designated person(s) issuing respiratory equipment
shall be properly trained by a qualified person(s) to ensure the proper use of the respiratory
equipment. Annual refresher training shall be given to all employees selecting and issuing
respiratory equipment. Written records shall be kept, which include the names of persons
trained and the dates when training occurred.
Each employee having to work in an area of a known hazard or exposure, shall be properly
instructed and trained annually in the proper use of the respiratory protective equipment in
accordance with 29 CFR 1910.134. A training Record will be maintained on each employee using
respiratory equipment.
Training will be conducted by qualified person(s) to ensure the proper use of respiratory
equipment. The training shall include, but is not limited to:
A. Why a particular piece of respiratory equipment is the proper type for a user’s
particular purpose.
B. Discussion of the capabilities and limitations of the respiratory equipment.
C. Proper donning techniques and seal tests for respiratory equipment.
D. Field inspection points.
E. Respiratory equipment cleaning maintenance and proper care.
F. Use of SCBA.
G. Mode of operation of the respiratory equipment.
H. Explanation of the respiratory hazard and what happens if the respiratory equipment
is not used.
5-6.4: Respiratory Fit Testing: A quantitative fit test shall be conducted annually for each
employee required to wear respiratory protection. Records of fit test shall be maintained on
each employee using respiratory equipment. Each employee will be fit tested for each type of
respirator that he will wear. (3M6000, 3M6800, Scott AV2000)
5-6.5: Facial Hair: The following requirements as they apply to facial hair are as follows:
A. No beards are allowed.
B. Facial hair shall not interfere with obtaining a proper seal between the face piece and
the skin.
C. Sideburns and mustaches shall be trimmed so as not to interfere with obtaining a
proper seal.
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5-6.6: Spectacles: If corrective lenses are required while wearing any full face piece, only frames
specifically designed and built for that face piece may be used. Temple pieces may not pass
through the sealing surface of the face piece.
5-6.7: Respiratory Sealing Test: To assure proper protection, the wearer of a respiratory
equipment face piece shall check for a proper seal of the face piece prior to each use.
5-6.8: Inspection, Maintenance and Storage: The requirements for maintaining respiratory
equipment are as follows:
A. Respiratory equipment will be properly cleaned, sanitized and stored by the
individual using the respiratory equipment.
B. Replacement or repair of respiratory equipment shall be performed when necessary
and shall be conducted only by an approved manufacture representative.
C. All respirators will be properly stored in a manner as to protect against dust, sunlight,
heat, extreme cold, excessive moisture and damaging chemicals.
D. Inspections : Routine use, before use and during cleaning, Emergency-monthly and
before and after each use, Escape-only before carried into work place.
5-7: Procedures for All Breathing Air Jobs
5-7.1: General Guidelines
The following general guidelines must be adhered to for all breathing air jobs:
A. No personnel are to be assigned to a breathing air job crew, including a stand-by safety man,
that have not been thoroughly trained and qualified to work with breathing air equipment.
B. When plant procedures differ from WCFS procedures, it is the job supervisor’s responsibility
to review all procedures with plant supervisor, and coordinate the safety steps to be followed.
This is to be done prior to the job. More stringent procedures may be required. At no time is the
safety factor of Vast Construction procedures to be compromised.
C. Breathing air and related equipment is to be used when working on any hazardous service,
even if it is not leaking at the time. The severity of a leak can increase during the course of a job.
D. The following guidelines must be followed when air cylinders are received at the job site and
they must be accompanied with a certificate of analysis.
1. The air cylinders are to be checked with the 4 gas monitor to verify that they have
proper oxygen content (19.5 – 23.5%)
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2. The air cylinder should then be checked for CO content. (10 ppm or less) Then
checked for a lack of noticeable odor.
3. Bottles are to be tagged and signed by the WCFS supervisor monitoring the vender
checking the cylinder air quality.
4. Any cylinder that is found that does not meet the requirements is to be removed
from the job site.
E. Empty air bottles are to be stored in a separate location from full bottles.
F. When in DuPont Orange, a validation test is to be conducted by a DuPont representative.
5-7.2: Pre-Job Procedures to be Completed at Shop
The job procedures that must be completed at the shop prior to departure are as follows:
A. Verify service and determine what safety equipment is required to do job.
B. Check and be certain all equipment required for the job is on site.
C. Be certain all equipment is in good working order.
D. Check air bottles and re-monitor if not tagged.
E. Complete and sign off on pre-job checklist.
5-7.3: Job Site Procedures
The procedures that must be adhered to at the job site are as follows:
1.
Check with the client supervisor, and verify service, temperature and pressure again.
2.
Obtain permits if required.
3.
Advise client supervisor of the job procedures and safety precautions to be used.
4.
Answer all questions and address any client requirements prior to going on the job.
5.
Check client procedures for decontamination of our equipment.
6.
Park trailer upwind from the job.
7.
Park trailer so that the stand-by employee has line of sight contact with the work crew.
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8.
Locate safety showers or other washing facilities and designate an evacuation route and
meeting area.
9.
The stand-by employee must adhere to the following stand-by requirements:
1.
The stand-by employee is to be briefed and properly trained on his responsibilities in
the event of an emergency.
2.
A thirty (30) minute SCBA is to be ready, and he is to stand by in acid suit and jacket
when an acid suit is required on the job
3.
Determine hand signals to advise crew of remaining air.
1.
Work crew is to maintain visual contact with stand-by person during the job.
2.
When air pressure reaches 600 psi, the stand-by person is to advise the crew
3.
At no time is work to be continued when the pressure is at 500 psi or below.
10.
Remove necessary equipment from trailer and hook up air. When hooking up manifold, make
sure that all screw connections are tight and not cross threaded.
11.
Run an individual air hose from manifold to each man. Do not use split connectors.
12.
After hooking air hose to manifold, turn the connector 80 degrees to lock hose on manifold.
13.
When hooking sections of air hose together, check connection for proper lock and then tape
connection with duct tape to secure connection and keep dirt out.
14.
Do not run air hose across a roadway. If it is necessary, ask client to provide barricades or boards
to protect hose.
15.
Stand-by personnel are to assist crew with acid suits if being worn.
16.
When hooking air hose to egress pack, turn connection 80 degrees to lock hose.
17.
Wear rubber boots outside Level A acid suits to keep from damaging the suits.
18.
When wearing three piece acid suits, pull boots off when putting on or taking off suit. This will
keep anything that is on the boots from getting on the inside of the suit.
19.
Work crews are to enter the work area attached to an air hose. Never use egress packs to enter
an area and then attach the hose to the fresh air. If the configuration of the job will not allow
this procedure to be followed; stop, contact your supervisor and work out an alternate plan in
conjunction with the client. Additional safety equipment may be required.
20.
At no time are egress packs to be used for any purpose except emergency egress.
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21.
In the event of an emergency rescue, a minimum of a thirty (30) minute SCBA is to be used.
Never use a five (5) minute egress pack for a rescue. \
22.
The stand-by person is to remain by the equipment at all times, and maintain visual contact with
crew.
23.
Clean all acid suits, tools and air hoses before leaving the work area in accordance with plan
procedures. Hazardous residue is not to be on any piece of equipment when it is returned to the
trailer.
5-7.4: Post-Job Procedures to be Completed at Job Site:
The post-job procedures that must be completed at the job site prior to departure are as
follows:
1.
Before running off air bottles, write down pounds of air left in bottles on the bottle tag and
checklist, and sign and date the bottle tag and checklist.
2.
Bottles are to be turned off only by a member of the work crew, not by the stand-by personnel.
3.
Be certain all equipment, including hoses, are cleaned and decontaminated. Clean air masks
with sterile wipes.
4.
Note on checklist all damage to acid suits or equipment.
5.
Note on checklist all egress packs and SCBA’s that have been used.
6.
Store all equipment properly before leaving site.
5-7.5: Post-Job Procedures to be Completed at Shop:
The post-job procedures that must be completed at the shop are as follows:
1.
When egress packs and/or SCBA’s have been used, have them recharged immediately. Do not
return them to the trailer.
2.
Pressurize Level A acid suits in accordance with procedures to check integrity.
3.
Check three piece suits with light for integrity.
4.
Replace any air bottles reading less than 1000 psi of pressure.
5.
Insure all equipment is cleaned and ready for re-use.
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6.
Complete post job checklist, and leave a copy in trailer so that next crew will have it for
reference.
5-8: Supplied Air - Breathing Apparatus
5-8.1: Supplied Breathing Air Usage
The following requirements must be followed during the use of supplied breathing air:
1.
All employees must be properly fit tested prior to using a supplied air breathing apparatus.
2.
Supplied air can only be used in combination with a five (5) minute self-contained egress bottle.
3.
The following guidelines apply to the use of the five (5) minute self-contained egress bottle:
1.
In the event of an emergency in which the supplied air is lost, the egress bottle is
necessary to be able to safely exit the area to a safe point.
2.
Anytime the five (5) minute egress bottle is opened, the employee must immediately
exit the area to a safe location.
3.
The five (5) minute egress bottle is to be used only in the event of an emergency and is
not to be used for entry into an oxygen deficient atmosphere or an IDLH atmosphere.
4.
The five (5) minute egress bottle is never to be used for rescue.
5.
Air must be Grade D or better. Compressor located in a 'clean' atmosphere, with in-line
purification and tagged to indicate date or change-out. A Carbon Monoxide monitor in
place & set to alarm at 10 PPM or monitored frequently. Fittings are to be incompatible
for non-respirable gases and containers.
5-8.2: Supplied Breathing Air Use in a Confined Space
Anytime supplied air is being used for confined space entry, a properly trained hole watch must
be present. The hole watch must be properly trained in:
1.
Hazard recognition
2.
Proper use of the supplied air and five (5) minute egress bottle.
3.
Proper use of self-contained breathing apparatus.
4.
Monitoring equipment.
5.
First Aid
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6.
Rescue, when required
5-8.3: Self-Contained Breathing Apparatus
5-8.3.1: 5-Minute SCA-PAC Egress System
The guidelines for the proper use of a five (5) minute SCA-PAC egress system are as
follows:
1.
A 5-minute SCA-PAC may be used in conjunction with supplied air as an emergency egress
system.
2.
A 5-minute SCA-PAC may be used independently as an emergency unit in the event of exposure
to an IDLH atmosphere or an oxygen deficient atmosphere. In this event, the 5-minute SCA-PAC
egress system will be immediately put on, the 5-minute bottle opened to supply breathing air to
the employee, and the employee will immediately exit the area to a safe point.
5-8.3.2: 30-Minute SCBA
The 30-minute SCBA is a self-contained breathing apparatus that furnishes purified
breathing air to the user. The 30-minute unit comes in the following two (2) different
bottle pressures.
1.
226 psi Bottle
2.
4500 psi Bottle
Although the 30-minute SCBA is rated at 30 minutes, this rating is for individuals who
frequently use the units and are very knowledgeable about the units. An infrequent user
would probably have 5 to 10 minutes of air on a 30-minute SCBA.
5-8.3.3: 45-Minute SCBA
The 45-minute SCBA is a self-contained breathing apparatus that furnishes purified
breathing air to the user. The 45-minute unit comes only in a 4500 psi bottle pressure.
Although the 45-minute SCBA is rated at 45 minutes, this rating is for individuals who
regularly use the units and are very knowledgeable about the units. An infrequent user
would probably have 25 to 30 minutes of air on a 45-minute SCBA.
5-8.3.4: 60-Minute SCBA
The 60-minute SCBA is a self-contained breathing apparatus that furnishes purified
breathing air to the user. The 60-minute unit comes only in a 4500 psi bottle pressure.
although the 60-minute SCBA is rated at 60 minutes, this rating is for individuals who
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frequently use the units and are very knowledgeable about the units. An infrequent user
would probably have 30 to 40 minutes of air on a 60-minute SCBA.
5-9: Physical and Medical Qualifications
Records of medical evaluations must be retained and made available in accordance with 29 CFR
1910.1020. These records will be maintained and kept in the safety office in Beaumont.
5-10: Medical evaluation required
Using a respirator may place a physiological burden on employees that varies with the type of
respirator worn, the job and workplace conditions in which the respirator is used, and the
medical status of the employee. The company provides a medical evaluation to determine the
employee's ability to use a respirator, before the employee is fit tested or required to use the
respirator in the workplace.
5-11: Medical evaluation procedures
The employee will be provided a medical questionnaire by the designated Occupational Health
Care Provider
5-11.1: Follow-up medical examination:
The company shall ensure that a follow-up medical examination is provided for an employee
who gives a positive response to any question among questions in Part B of the questionnaire or
whose initial medical examination demonstrates the need for a follow-up medical examination.
The follow-up medical examination shall include any medical tests, consultations, or diagnostic
procedures that the Physician deems necessary to make a final determination.
5-11.2: Administration of the medical questionnaire and examinations:
The medical questionnaire and examinations shall be administered confidentially during the
employee's normal working hours or at a time and place convenient to the employee. The
medical questionnaire shall be administered in a manner that ensures that the employee
understands its content. The company shall provide the employee with an opportunity to
discuss the questionnaire and examination results with the Physician.
5-11.3: Supplemental information for the Physician:
The following information must be provided to the Physician before the Physician makes a
recommendation concerning an employee's ability to use a respirator
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1.
The type and weight of the respirator to be used by the employee
2.
The duration and frequency of respirator use (including use for rescue and escape)
3.
The expected physical work effort
4.
Additional protective clothing and equipment to be worn
5.
Temperature and humidity extremes that may be encountered
6.
Any supplemental information provided previously to the Physician regarding an employee need
not be provided for a subsequent medical evaluation if the information and the Physician
remain the same
The Company has provided the Physician with a copy of the written respiratory protection
program and a copy of the OSHA Standard 1910.134
5-11.4: Medical determination:
In determining the employee's ability to use a respirator, the Company shall
1.
Obtain a written recommendation regarding the employee's ability to use the respirator from
the Physician. The recommendation shall provide only the following information
2.
Any limitations on respirator use related to the medical condition of the employee, or relating to
the workplace conditions in which the respirator will be used, including whether or not the
employee is medically able to use the respirator
3.
The need, if any, for follow-up medical evaluations
4.
A statement that the Physician has provided the employee with a copy of the Physician's written
recommendation
5.
If the respirator is a negative pressure respirator and the Physician finds a medical condition
that may place the employee's health at increased risk if the respirator is used, the Company
shall provide a APR if the Physician's medical evaluation finds that the employee can use such a
respirator; if a subsequent medical evaluation finds that the employee is medically able to use a
negative pressure respirator, then the Company is no longer required to provide a APR
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5-12: Additional Medical Evaluations:
At a minimum, the Company shall provide additional medical evaluations that comply with the
requirements of this section if:
1.
An employee reports medical signs or symptoms that are related to ability to use a respirator
2.
A Physician, supervisor, or the respirator program administrator informs the Company that an
employee needs to be reevaluated
3.
Information from the respiratory protection program, including observations made during fit
testing and program evaluation, indicates a need for employee re-evaluation
4.
A change occurs in workplace conditions (e.g., physical work effort, protective clothing,
temperature) that may result in a substantial increase in the physiological burden placed on an
employee.
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SUB-SECTION # 6: BENZENE PROGRAM
6-1: PURPOSE:
This policy is to be used as a guide for Vast Construction, LLC. to follow during the
transportation, handling and storage of Benzene. The improper handling of hazardous chemicals
can result in a severe threat to Vast Construction Services, Inc. employees and the general
public. However, even highly hazardous chemicals need not endanger human health if handled
properly.
6-2: POLICY:
This policy as all of Vast Construction policies are available to be reviewed by all employees.
These policies can be reviewed in the safety office in Beaumont and in the on-site field offices.
The field safety person also carries a complete copy of the policies. These polices are reviewed
not less than annually and updated when necessary.
6-2.1: Benzene:
Benzene is a clear, colorless liquid with a sweet odor. It is an aromatic hydrocarbon, and
is a known carcinogen. Benzene exposure is regulated under OSHA 910.1028
6-2.2: Exposure:
6-2.2.1: OSHA: the legal airborne Permissible Exposure Limit (PEL) is 1ppm averaged
over an 8-hour work shift and 5ppm, not to be exceeded during any 15 minute work
period
6-2.2.2: NIOSH: the recommended airborne exposure limit is 0.1ppm averaged over a
10-hour work shift and 1ppm not be exceeded during any 15 minute work period.
6-2.2.3: ACGIH: the recommended airborne exposure limit is .05ppm averaged over an
8-hour work shift and 2.5ppm as a STEL (short term exposure limit)
The above limits are for air levels only. When skin contact also occurs, you may be overexposed,
even though air levels are less than the limits listed. Benzene is a CARCINOGEN in humans.
There may be no safe level of exposure to a carcinogen, so all contact should be reduced to the
lowest possible level. Employees who have the potential to be exposed to benzene at or above
these levels must be protected.
6-3: WAYS OF REDUCING EXPOSURE :
* Enclose operations and use local exhaust ventilation at the site of chemical release. If local
exhaust ventilation or enclosure is not used, respirators should be worn.
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* A regulated, marked area should be established where Benzene is handled, used, or stored as
required by the OSHA Standard 1910.1028.
* Wash thoroughly immediately after exposure to Benzene and at the end of the work shift.
* Post hazard and warning information in the work area. In addition, as part of an ongoing
education and training effort, communicate all information on the health and safety hazards of
Benzene to potentially exposed workers.
6-4: WORKPLACE CONTROLS AND PRACTICES:
Unless a less toxic chemical can be substituted for a hazardous substance, ENGINEERING
CONTROLS are the most effective way of reducing exposure and shall be used immediately. The
best protection is to enclose operations and/or provide local exhaust ventilation at the site of
chemical release. Isolating operations can also reduce exposure. Using respirators or protective
equipment is less effective than the controls mentioned above, but is sometimes necessary .In
evaluating the controls present in your workplace, consider:
1.
how hazardous the substance is,
2.
how much of the substance is released into the workplace and
3.
whether harmful skin or eye contact could occur. Special controls should be in place for highly
toxic chemicals or when significant skin, eye, or breathing exposures are possible. In addition,
the following controls are recommended:
1.
Where possible, automatically pump liquid Benzene from drums or other storage
containers to process containers.
2.
Specific engineering controls are required for this chemical by OSHA. Refer to the OSHA
Standard 1910.1028.
3.
Before entering a confined space where Benzene may be present, check to make sure
that an explosive concentration does not exist.
4.
A Class I, Type B, biological safety hood should be used when mixing, handling, or
preparing Benzene.
6-4.1: Good WORK PRACTICES can help to reduce hazardous exposures. The following work
practices are recommended:
1.
Workers whose clothing has been contaminated by Benzene should change into clean clothing
promptly.
2.
Do not take contaminated work clothes home. Family members could be exposed.
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3.
Contaminated work clothes should be laundered by individuals who have been informed of the
hazards of exposure to Benzene.
4.
Eye wash fountains should be provided in the immediate work area for emergency use.
5.
If there is the possibility of skin exposure, emergency shower facilities should be provided.
6.
On skin contact with Benzene, immediately wash or shower to remove the chemical. At the end
of the work shift, wash any areas of the body that may have contacted Benzene, whether or not
known skin contact has occurred.
7.
Do not eat, smoke, or drink where Benzene is handled, processed, or stored, since the chemical
can be swallowed. Wash hands carefully before eating, drinking, smoking, or using the toilet.
6-5: PERSONAL PROTECTIVE EQUIPMENT:
WORKPLACE CONTROLS ARE BETTER THAN PERSONAL PROTECTIVE EQUIPMENT. However, for
some jobs (such as outside work, confined space entry, jobs done only once in a while, or jobs
done while workplace controls are being installed), personal protective equipment may be
appropriate and will be provided by company at no cost to the employee. OSHA 1910.132
requires employers to determine the appropriate personal protective equipment for each
hazard and to train employees on how and when to use protective equipment. The following
recommendations are only guidelines and may not apply to every situation.
6-5.1: Clothing
1.
Avoid skin contact with Benzene. Wear solvent-resistant gloves and clothing. Safety equipment
suppliers/manufacturers can provide recommendations on the most protective glove/clothing
material for your operation.
2.
All protective clothing (suits, gloves, footwear, headgear) should be clean, available each day,
and put on before work.
3.
ACGIH recommends Butyl Neoprene, Polyvinyl Alcohol, Silver Shield, and Viton/Neoprene as
protective materials.
6-5.2: Eye Protection
1.
Wear indirect-vent, impact and splash resistant goggles when working with liquids.
2.
Wear a face shield along with goggles when working with corrosive, highly irritating or toxic
substances
3.
Contact lenses should not be worn when working with this substance.
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6-6: Respiratory Protection
6-6.1: Improper use of respirators
IMPROPER USE OF RESPIRATORS IS DANGEROUS. Such equipment should only be used if
the employer has a written program that takes into account workplace conditions,
requirements for worker training, respirator fit testing and medical exams, as described
in OSHA 1910.134. Engineering controls and safe work practices should be done
immediately to control the product. If the engineering controls or not feasible or an
emergency arises then use the following:
1.
Where the potential exists for exposure over 0.1ppm, use a MSHA/NIOSH approved supplied-air
respirator with a full face-piece operated in a pressure-demand or other positive pressure
mode. For increased protection use in combination with an auxiliary self-contained breathing
apparatus operated in a pressure-demand or other positive pressure mode.
2.
Exposure to 500ppm is immediately dangerous to life and health. If the possibility of exposure
above 500ppm exists, use a MSHA/NIOSH approved self-contained breathing apparatus with a
full face-piece operated in a pressure demand or other positive-pressure mode.
6-7: HEALTH HAZARD INFORMATION
6-7.1: Acute Health Effects
The following acute (short-term) health effects may occur immediately or shortly after
exposure to Benzene:
1.
Benzene can irritate the eyes and skin.
2.
Exposure can irritate the nose and throat.
3.
Benzene can cause symptoms of dizziness, lightheadedness, headache and vomiting.
Convulsions and coma, or sudden death from irregular heart beat, may follow high exposure.
6-7.2: Chronic Health Effects
The following chronic (long-term) health effects can occur at some time after exposure
to Benzene and can last for months or years:
1.
Cancer Hazard
2.
Benzene is a CARCINOGEN in humans. It has been shown to cause leukemia.
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3.
Many scientists believe there is no safe level of exposure to a carcinogen.
6-7.3: Reproductive Hazard
There is limited evidence that Benzene is a teratogen in animals. Until further testing
has been done, it should be treated as a possible teratogen in humans.
6-7.4: Other Long-Term Effects
1.
Benzene can cause drying and scaling of the skin.
2.
Repeated exposure can cause damage to the blood cells (aplastic anemia).
6-8: MEDICAL:
6-8.1: Medical Testing
Before beginning employment and at regular times after that, the following is
recommended:
Complete blood count. Any evaluation should include a careful history of past
and present symptoms with an exam. Medical tests that look for damage
already done are not a substitute for controlling exposure. Request copies of
your medical testing. You have a legal right to this information under OSHA
1910.1020.
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SUB-SECTION # 7: HYDROGEN SULFIDE PROGRAM
7-1: PURPOSE
This procedure is to be used as a rule for employee’s protection against exposure to Hydrogen
Sulfide (H2S). H2S is a by-product formed when organic matter decays and is found in oil and gas
operations, sewers, and laboratories.
7-2: PROPERTIES AND CHARACTERISTICS
1.
H2S is invisible and has a “rotten egg” smell at low concentrations. However, with
continued exposure, H2S can paralyze the sense of smell and produce a false sense that
the danger has passed. NEVER RELY ONLY ON YOUR SENSE OF SMELL FOR DETECTING
THE PRESENCE OF H2S.
2.
H2S is heavier than air and will collect in low-lying areas.
3.
H2S is highly flammable and will ignite if the concentration in air is between 43,000 ppm
and 460,000 ppm and a heat source is introduced. When burned, H2S will produce
Sulphur Dioxide (SO2 ) which is a severe irritant.
4.
H2S is soluble in water, oils, and most organic liquids. When agitated, H2S will be
released in higher concentrations. H2S reacts violently with strong oxidizers, metals
oxidizers, peroxides, strong alkalis, active metals, and some plastics and rubbers.
5.
H2S is corrosive and forms the spontaneously combustible by-product “iron sulfide
scale” which is found in vessels and pipes containing H2S. When iron sulfide scale
contacts air, it ignites. To prevent this from occurring, keep all surfaces wet when
working with pipes and vessels that have contained H2S.
7-3: EFFECTS OF EXPOSURE
The most common route of entry for H2S is by breathing it. The other route of entry is through
absorption, however, the effects of contact with H2S is usually as an irritant and is caused by
other chemicals mixed with the H2S. The effects of exposure to H2S is based on a dose-response
relationship, which means how you are affected is based on the concentration you are exposed
to and the amount of time you are exposed. For example, you can lose your sense of smell
within minutes if exposed to more than 100 ppm, but you can also lose your sense of smell if
exposed to only 50 ppm for more than one hour.
You should never rely on your sense of smell to detect the presence of H2S, but the sense of
smell and other physical effects may help you realize when you are exposed. These effects
include:
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1.
Up to 100 ppm: rotten egg smell, burning eyes, respiratory tract irritation, loss of smell,
headache, dizziness, coughing.
2.
100 ppm to 300 ppm: drowsiness, severe eye and throat irritation, difficulty breathing
3.
300 ppm to 600 ppm: loss of reasoning and balance, eventual unconsciousness.
4.
Over 600 ppm: death almost immediately.
OSHA has set exposure limits for H2S. The Permissible Exposure Limit (PEL) for H2S is 10
ppm, while the Short Term Exposure Limit (STEL) is 5 ppm.
7-4: EXPOSURE CONTROLS
To prevent overexposure to H2S, there are several measures that can be taken. The first is
engineering controls, such as ventilation. Natural ventilation is when you use normal airflow to
reduce or eliminate any low concentrations of H2S in the work area. Mechanical ventilation uses
fans and blowers to either dilute or remove the H2S from the work area. In confined spaces, H2S
is considered an Immediately Dangerous to Life and Health (IDLH) atmosphere and must be
treated as such. When working in areas containing or suspected to contain H2S, follow the
guidelines in the Confined Space section of this Manual.
Monitors personal or area will be set to alarm when PEL exceeds the preset level of 20 PPM.
There are three types of respiratory protection approved for use in H2S areas.
1.
Escape units
2.
Airline Units
3.
SCBA’s
Escape units are completely self-contained and are equipped with an air cylinder rated for five
minutes. They are not used for working in an H2S area, but are for escape purposes only. Airline
units are full-face air-supplied respirators with a self-contained air cylinder rated for five
minutes in case the airline fails. Self-Contained Breathing Apparatus (SCBA’s) have an air
cylinder rated for 5 minutes or more. They are the most flexible unit available because they
allow you to move from area to area even if you have to disconnect from the airline supply.
Remember, there are no air purifying or cartridge respirators available for working in an H2S
area.
7-5: EMERGENCY PROCEDURES
Knowing what to do when you or a co-worker is exposed to H2S can mean the difference
between life and death. For eye exposure: Flush the eyes with water for at least fifteen minutes.
Force the eyelids open if necessary. Seek medical attention immediately. For skin exposure:
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Remove contaminated clothing. Rinse skin thoroughly. Wash the clothing before wearing them
again.
There are four steps to take if you are in the immediate area of an H2S spill or leak:
1.
Hold your breath
2.
Move crosswind or upwind away from the H2S
3.
Put on the appropriate breathing equipment
4.
Report to the emergency assembly area
Before attempting to rescue someone who has been exposed to H2S, remember to protect
yourself first!
Don’t become another victim. Use the appropriate respiratory protection. Move the victim to
fresh air, being careful in case they have suffered from a head or neck injury. Report the injury
to your supervisor immediately. If the victim is not breathing and you have been trained in CPR,
begin rescue breathing. If the victim has no pulse, begin CPR. Seek medical attention
immediately.
7-6: CLIENT/OWNER FACLITIES
All employees will be trained and be aware of client/owner contingency plan provisions. This
contingency plan must be discussed and recorded on the pre job JSA by all involved employees
before work may begin.
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SUB-SECTION # 8: HAZARD COMMUNICATION & CHEMICAL SAFETY
8-1: Purpose
This document serves as the Company's Hazard Communication Program. It provides detailed
safety guidelines and instructions for receipt, use and storage of chemicals at our facility by
employees and contractors. Reference: OSHA Standard 1910.1200.
8-2: Responsibilities
8-2.1: Management
1.
Ensure compliance with this program
2.
Conduct immediate corrective action for deficiencies found in the program
3.
Maintain an effective Hazard Communication training program
4.
Make this plan available to employees or their designated representative
8-2.2: Shipping & Receiving Manager
1.
Ensure all received containers are properly labeled and that labels are not removed or defaced
2.
Ensure all shipped containers are properly labeled
3.
Ensure shipping department employees are properly trained in spill response
4.
Ensure received Material Safety Data Sheets (MSDS) are properly distributed
8-2.3: Purchasing Agent
1.
Obtain, from the manufacturer, MSDS for chemicals purchased from retail sources
8-2.4: Safety Manager
1.
Maintain a list of hazardous chemicals using the identity that is referenced on the MSDS
2.
Monitor the effectiveness of the program
3.
Conduct annual audit of the program
4.
Monitor employee training to ensure effectiveness
5.
Keep management informed of necessary changes
6.
Ensure MSDSs are available as required
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7.
Monitor facility for proper use, storage and labeling of chemicals
8-2.5: Company Nurse
1.
Ensure MSDS are available for emergency medical personnel when treating exposed employees
2.
Provide information, as requested, concerning health effects and exposure symptoms listed on
MSDSs
8-2.6: Supervisors
1.
Comply with all specific requirements of the program
2.
Provide specific chemical safety training for assigned employees
3.
Ensure chemicals are properly used stored & labeled
4.
Ensure only the minimum amount necessary is kept at work stations
5.
Ensure up to date MSDS are readily accessible to all employees on all shifts
8-2.7: Employees
1.
Comply with chemical safety requirements of this program
2.
Report any problems with storage or use of chemicals
3.
Immediately report spills of suspected spills of chemicals
4.
Use only those chemicals for which they have been trained
5.
Use chemicals only for specific assigned tasks in the proper manner
8-2.8: Contractors
1.
Comply will all aspects of this program
2.
Coordinate information with the Safety Manager
3.
Ensure Contractor employees are properly trained
4.
Notify the Safety Manager before bringing any chemicals into company property of facilities
5.
Monitor and ensure proper storage and use of chemicals by Contractor employees
8-3: General Program Information
This written Hazard Communication Plan (HAZCOM) has been developed based on OSHA Hazard
Communication Standard and consists of the following elements:
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1.
Identification of Hazardous Materials
2.
Product Warning Labels
3.
Material Safety Data Sheets (MSDS)
4.
Written Hazard Communication Program
5.
Effective Employee Training
Some chemicals are explosive, corrosive, flammable, or toxic. Other chemicals are relatively safe
to use and store but may become dangerous when they interact with other substances. To avoid
injury and/or property damage, persons who handle chemicals in any area of the Company must
understand the hazardous properties of the chemicals. Before using a specific chemical, safe
handling methods and health hazards must always be reviewed. Supervisors are responsible for
ensuring that the equipment needed to work safely with chemicals is accessible and maintained
for all employees on all shifts.
8-3.1: Employee Training
8-3.1.1: Initial Orientation Training: All new employees shall receive safety orientation
training covering the elements of the HAZCOM and Right to Know Program. This training
will consist of general training covering:
1.
Location and availability of the written Hazard Communication Program
2.
Location and availability of the List of Chemicals used in the workplace
3.
Methods and observation used to detect the presence or release of a hazardous chemical in the
workplace.
4.
The specific physical and health hazard of all chemicals in the workplace
5.
Specific control measures for protection from physical or health hazards
6.
Explanation of the chemical labeling system
7.
Location and use of MSDS
8-3.1.2: Job Specific Training
1.
Employees will receive on the job training from their supervisor. This training will cover the
proper use, inspection and storage of necessary personal protective equipment and chemical
safety training for the specific chemicals they will be using or will be working around.
8-3.1.3: Annual Refresher Training
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1.
Annual Hazard Communication refresher training will be conducted as part of the company's
continuing safety training program.
8-3.1.4: Immediate On-the-Spot Training.
This training will be conducted by supervisors for any employee that requests
additional information or exhibits a lack of understanding of the safety
requirements.
8-3.1.5: Non-Routine Tasks
Non-routine tasks are defined as working on, near, or with unlabeled piping,
unlabeled containers of an unknown substance, confined space entry where a
hazardous substance may be present and/or a one-time task using a hazardous
substance differently than intended (example: using a solvent to remove stains
from tile floors).
8-3.1.6: Steps for Non-Routine Tasks
Step 1: Hazard Determination
Step 2: Determine Precautions
Step 3: Specific Training & Documentation
Step 4: Perform Task
All non-routine tasks will be evaluated by the Department Supervisor and Safety
Department before the task commences, to determine all hazards present. This
determination will be conducted with quantitative/qualitative analysis (air
sampling, substance identification/analysis, etc., as applicable). Once the hazard
determination is made, the Department Supervisor and Safety Department will
determine the necessary precautions needed to either remove the hazard,
change to a non-hazard, or protect from the hazard (use of personal protective
equipment) to safeguard the Employees present. In addition, the Department
Supervisor or Safety Department will provide specific safety training for
Employees present or affected and will document the training using the
Chemical Safety Training Checklist form which shall be marked "Non-Routine
Task Training".
8-4: Off-site use or transportation of chemicals
An MSDS will be provided to employees for each chemical and each occurrence of use
or transport away from the company facilities. All State and Federal DOT Regulations
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will be followed including use of certified containers, labeling & marking, securing of
containers and employee training.
8-5: General Chemical Safety
8-5.1: Assume all chemicals are hazardous. The number of hazardous chemicals and the
number of reactions between them is so large that prior knowledge of all potential
hazards cannot be assumed. Use chemicals in as small quantities as possible to minimize
exposure and reduce possible harmful effects.
8-5.2: The following general safety rules shall be observed when working with
chemicals:
1.
Read and understand the Material Safety Data Sheets.
2.
Keep the work area clean and orderly.
3.
Use the necessary safety equipment.
4.
Carefully label every container with the identity of its contents and appropriate hazard
warnings.
5.
Store incompatible chemicals in separate areas.
6.
Substitute less toxic materials whenever possible.
7.
Limit the volume of volatile or flammable material to the minimum needed for short operation
periods.
8.
Provide means of containing the material if equipment or containers should break or spill their
contents.
8-5.3: Task Evaluation
Each task that requires the use of chemicals should be evaluated to determine
the potential hazards associated with the work. This hazard evaluation must
include the chemical or combination of chemicals that will be used in the work,
as well as other materials that will be used near the work. If a malfunction
during the operation has the potential to cause serious injury or property
damage, a Safe Operational Procedure (SOP) should be prepared and followed.
Operations must be planned to minimize the generation of hazardous wastes.
8-5.4: Chemical Storage
The separation of chemicals (solids or liquids) during storage is necessary to
reduce the possibility of unwanted chemical reactions caused by accidental
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mixing. Explosives should be stored separately outdoors. Use either distance or
barriers (e.g., trays) to isolate chemicals into the following groups:
1.
Flammable Liquids: store in approved flammable storage lockers.
2.
Acids: treat as flammable liquids
3.
Bases: do not store bases with acids or any other material
4.
Other liquids: ensure other liquids are not incompatible with any other chemical in the same
storage location.
5.
Lips, strips, or bars are to be installed across the width of storage shelves to restrain the
chemicals in case of earthquake.
Chemicals will not be stored in the same refrigerator used for food storage.
Refrigerators used for storing chemicals must be appropriately identified by a
label on the door.
8-5.5: Container Labels
It is extremely important that all containers of chemicals are properly labeled.
This includes every type of container from a 5000 gallon storage tank to a spray
bottle of degreaser. The following requirements apply:
1.
All containers will have the appropriate label, tag or marking prominently displayed that
indicates the identity, safety and health hazards . When applicable non-English speaking
employees will have the labels marked in their language.
2.
Portable containers which contain a small amount of chemical need not be labeled if they are
used immediately that shift, but must be under the strict control of the employee using the
product.
3.
All warning labels, tags, etc., must be maintained in a legible condition and not be defaced.
Facility weekly supervisor inspections will check for compliance of this rule.
4.
Incoming chemicals are to be checked for proper labeling.
8-5.6: Emergencies and Spills
In case of an emergency, implement the proper Emergency Action Plan
1.
Evacuate people from the area.
2.
Isolate the area.
3.
If the material is flammable, turn off ignition and heat sources.
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4.
Only personnel specifically trained in emergency response are permitted to participate in
chemical emergency procedures beyond those required to evacuate the area.
5.
Call for Emergency Response Team assistance if required.
8-5.7: Housekeeping
1.
Maintain the smallest possible inventory of chemicals to meet immediate needs.
2.
Periodically review stock of chemicals on hand.
3.
Ensure that storage areas, or equipment containing large quantities of chemicals, are secure
from accidental spills.
4.
Rinse emptied bottles that contain acids or inflammable solvents before disposal.
5.
Recycle unused laboratory chemicals wherever possible.
6.
DO NOT Place hazardous chemicals in salvage or garbage receptacles.
7.
DO NOT Pour chemicals onto the ground.
8.
DO NOT Dispose of chemicals through the storm drain system.
9.
DO NOT Dispose of highly toxic, malodorous chemicals down sinks or sewer drains.
8-5.8: Contractors
All outside contractors working inside Company Facilities at one location or multiple job
sites are required to follow the requirements of this program. This program will be
available for review at all job sites through the safety department. The Company will
provide Contractors information concerning:
1.
Location of MSDS
2.
Precautions to be taken to protect contractor employees
3.
Potential exposure to hazardous substances
4.
Chemicals used in or stored in areas where they will be working
5.
Location and availability of Material Safety Data Sheets
6.
Recommended Personal Protective Equipment
7.
Labeling system for chemicals
8-5.9: Definitions
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8-5.9.1: Chemical: any element, chemical compound or mixture of elements and/or
compounds.
8-5.9.2: Combustible liquid: means any liquid having a flash point at or above 100 deg. F
(37.8 deg. C), but below 200 deg. F (93.3 deg. C), except any mixture having components
with flash points of 200 deg. F (93.3 deg. C), or higher, the total volume of which make
up 99 percent or more of the total volume of the mixture.
8-5.9.3: Compressed gas: any compound that exhibits:
1.
A gas or mixture of gases having, in a container, an absolute pressure exceeding 40 psi at 70
deg. F.
2.
A gas or mixture of gases having, in a container, an absolute pressure exceeding 104 psi at 130
deg. F. regardless of the pressure at 70 deg. F.
3.
A liquid having a vapor pressure exceeding 40 psi at 100 deg. F.
8-5.9.4: Container: any bag, barrel, bottle, box, can, cylinder, drum, reaction vessel,
storage tank, or the like that contains a hazardous chemical. For purposes of this
section, pipes or piping systems, and engines, fuel tanks, or other operating systems in a
vehicle, are not considered to be containers.
8-5.9.5: Employee: a worker who may be exposed to hazardous chemicals under normal
operating conditions or in foreseeable emergencies. Workers such as office workers or
bank tellers who encounter hazardous chemicals only in non-routine, isolated instances
are not covered.
8-5.9.6: Employer: a person engaged in a business where chemicals are either used,
distributed, or are produced for use or distribution, including a contractor or
subcontractor.
8-5.9.7: Explosive: a chemical that causes a sudden, almost instantaneous release of
pressure, gas, and heat when subjected to sudden shock, pressure, or high temperature.
8-5.9.8: Exposure or exposed: an employee is subjected in the course of employment to
a chemical that is a physical or health hazard, and includes potential (e.g. accidental or
possible) exposure. Subjected in terms of health hazards includes any route of entry
(e.g. inhalation, ingestion, skin contact or absorption.)
8-5.9.9: Flammable: a chemical that falls into one of the following categories:
1.
"Aerosol, flammable" means an aerosol that yields a flame projection exceeding 18 inches at full
valve opening, or a flashback (a flame extending back to the valve) at any degree of valve
opening;
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2.
"Gas, flammable" means: (A) A gas that, at ambient temperature and pressure, forms a
flammable mixture with air at a concentration of thirteen (13) percent by volume or less; or (B)
A gas that, at ambient temperature and pressure, forms a range of flammable mixtures with air
wider than twelve (12) percent by volume, regardless of the lower limit;
3.
"Liquid, flammable" means any liquid having a flash point below 100 deg. F., except any mixture
having components with flash points of 100 deg. F. or higher, the total of which make up 99
percent or more of the total volume of the mixture.
4.
"Solid, flammable" means a solid, other than a blasting agent or explosive as defined in
1910.109(a), that is liable to cause fire through friction, absorption of moisture, spontaneous
chemical change, or retained heat from manufacturing or processing, or which can be ignited
readily and when ignited burns so vigorously and persistently as to create a serious hazard. A
chemical shall be considered to be a flammable solid if it ignites and burns with a self-sustained
flame at a rate greater than one-tenth of an inch per second along its major axis.
8-5.9.10: Flash point: the minimum temperature at which a liquid gives off a vapor in
sufficient concentration to ignite.
8-5.9.11: Hazardous chemical: any chemical which is a physical hazard or a health
hazard.
8-5.9.12: Hazard warning: any words, pictures, symbols, or combination appearing on a
label or other appropriate form of warning which convey the specific physical and health
hazard(s), including target organ effects, of the chemical(s) in the container(s). (See the
definitions for "physical hazard" and "health hazard" to determine the hazards which
must be covered.)
8-5.9.13: Health hazard: a chemical for which there is evidence that acute or chronic
health effects may occur in exposed employees. The term "health hazard" includes
chemicals which are carcinogens, toxic or highly toxic agents, reproductive toxins,
irritants, corrosives, sensitizers, hepatotoxins, nephrotoxins, neurotoxins, agents which
act on the hematopoietic system, and agents which damage the lungs, skin, eyes, or
mucous membranes.
8-5.9.14: Identity: any chemical or common name which is indicated on the material
safety data sheet (MSDS) for the chemical. The identity used shall permit crossreferences to be made among the required list of hazardous chemicals, the label and
the MSDS.
8-5.9.15: Immediate use: the hazardous chemical will be under the control of and used
only by the person who transfers it from a labeled container and only within the work
shift in which it is transferred.
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8-5.9.16: Label: any written, printed, or graphic material displayed on or affixed to
containers of hazardous chemicals.
8-5.9.17: Material safety data sheet (MSDS): written or printed material concerning a
hazardous chemical which is prepared in accordance with OSHA Standard 1910.1200
requirements.
8-5.9.18: Mixture: any combination of two or more chemicals if the combination is not,
in whole or in part, the result of a chemical reaction.
8-5.9.19: Oxidizer: means a chemical other than a blasting agent or explosive as defined
in 1910.109(a), that initiates or promotes combustion in other materials, thereby
causing fire either of itself or through the release of oxygen or other gases.
8-5.9.20: Physical hazard: a chemical that it is a combustible liquid, a compressed gas,
explosive, flammable, an organic peroxide, an oxidizer, pyrophoric, unstable (reactive)
or water-reactive.
8-5.9.21: Pyrophoric: a chemical that will ignite spontaneously in air at a temperature of
130 deg. F. or below.
8-5.9.22: Specific chemical identity: the chemical name, Chemical Abstracts Service
(CAS) Registry Number, or any other information that reveals the precise chemical
designation of the substance.
8-5.9.23: Unstable (reactive): a chemical which in the pure state, or as produced or
transported, will vigorously polymerize, decompose, condense, or will become selfreactive under conditions of shocks, pressure or temperature.
8-5.9.24: Use: to package, handle, react, emit, extract, generate as a byproduct, or
transfer.
8-5.9.25: Water-reactive: a chemical that reacts with water to release a gas that is either
flammable or presents a health hazard.
8-5.9.26: Work area: a room or defined space in a workplace where hazardous
chemicals are produced or used, and where employees are present.
8-5.9.27: Workplace: an establishment, job site, or project, at one geographical location
containing one or more work areas.
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8-6: MSDS Information:
8-6.1: Material Safety Data Sheets are provided by the chemical manufacturer to provide
additional information concerning safe use of the product. Each MSDS provides:
1.
Common Name and Chemical Name of the material
2.
Name, address and phone number of the manufacturer
3.
Emergency phone numbers for immediate hazard information
4.
Date the MSDS was last updated
5.
Listing of hazardous ingredients
6.
Chemical hazards of the material
7.
Information for identification of chemical and physical properties
8-7: Information Chemical Users must know
8-7.1: Fire and/or Explosion Information
1.
Material Flash Point, auto-ignition temperature and upper/lower flammability limits
2.
Proper fire extinguishing agents to be used
3.
Fire fighting techniques
4.
Any unusual fire or explosive hazards
8-7.2: Chemical Reaction Information
1.
Stability of Chemical
2.
Conditions and other materials which can cause reactions with the chemical
3.
Dangerous substances that can be produced when the chemical reacts
8-7.3: Control Measures
1.
Engineering Controls required for safe product use
2.
Personal protective equipment required for use of product
3.
Safe storage requirements and guidelines
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4.
Safe handling procedures
8-7.4: Health Hazards
1.
Permissible Exposure Limit (PEL) and Threshold Limit Value (TLV)
2.
Acute or Chronic symptoms of exposure
3.
Main routes of entry into the body
4.
Medical conditions that can be made worse by exposure
5.
Cancer causing properties if any
6.
Emergency and First Aid treatments
8-7.5: Spill & Leak Procedures
1.
Clean up techniques
2.
Personal Protective Equipment to be used during cleanup
3.
Disposal of waste & cleanup material
8-8: Employee Use of MSDS :
8-8.1: For MSDS use to be effective, employees must:
1.
Know the location of the MSDS
2.
Understand the major points for each chemical
3.
Check MSDS when more information is needed or questions arise
4.
Be able to quickly locate the emergency information on the MSDS
5.
Follow the safety practices provided on the MSDS
8-8.2: Uniform Labeling System
1.
Chemical Labels - NFPA
2.
OSHA Standard 1910.1200
Every person who works with or around chemicals must understand the Labeling System
8-9: Hazards - four basic hazard classifications for chemicals
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8-9.1: Health Hazards are those that can affect the immediate or long term health of an
employee if exposed to a specific chemical. Acute effects of exposure are those that present
symptoms when exposure occurs, such as when skin is exposed to an acid. Delayed or long term
health effects can also occur from chemical exposure, such as cancer. Health effects for any
given chemical will depend on the toxicity, duration of exposure and amount of exposure.
8-9.2: Fire Hazard ratings range from non-flammable to highly flammable. The NFPA ratings are
based on the material flashpoint - the temperature at which the chemical vapors will ignite.
8-9.3: Reactivity ratings describe the hazards of the material stability - some chemicals will
explode or react violently if exposed to heat or shock
8-9.4: Other Hazards - special markings are required if the material is radioactive, an oxidizer,
acid or base or will react when exposed to other materials.
8-10: Hazard Controls include:
1.
Labeling of all chemicals
2.
Proper chemical storage containers & areas
3.
Segregation of incompatible chemicals
4.
Personal Protective Equipment
5.
Use of chemicals by training and authorized employees
6.
Use of minimum amount necessary
7.
Bonding & Grounding of flammable liquid containers
Fire Hazards
Flash Points
1.
4 = Below 73⁰ F
2.
3 - Below 100⁰ F
3.
2 - Below 200⁰ F
4.
1- Above 200⁰ F
5.
0 - Will Not Burn
Health Hazards
1.
4 - Deadly
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2.
3 - Extreme Danger
3.
2 - Hazardous
4.
1- Slightly Hazardous
5.
0 - Normal Material
Reactivity
1.
4 - May Detonate
2.
3 - Shock or heat may cause detonation
3.
2 - Violent chemical change
4.
1 - Unstable if heated
5.
0 - Stable
Specific Hazards
1.
OXY - Oxidizer
2.
ACID - Acid
3.
ALK - Alkali
4.
CORR - Corrosive
5.
W - Use No Water - Radiation Hazard
8-11: Chemical Labels - HMIS OSHA Standard 1910.1200
Every person who works with or around chemicals must understand the Labeling System:
8-11.1: Hazards - three basic hazard classifications for chemicals
8-11.1.1: Health Hazards
1.
Health Hazards are those that can affect the immediate or long term health of
an employee if exposed to a specific chemical.
2.
Acute effects of exposure are those that present symptoms when exposure
occurs, such as when skin is exposed to an acid.
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3.
Delayed or long term health effects can also occur from chemical exposure, such
as cancer. Health effects for any given chemical will depend on the toxicity,
duration of exposure and amount of exposure.
8-11.2: Flammability ratings range from non-flammable to highly flammable. The HMIS
ratings are based on the material flashpoint - the temperature at which the chemical
vapors will ignite.
8-11.3: Reactivity ratings describe the hazards of the material stability - some chemicals
will explode or react violently if exposed to heat or shock
8-12: Hazard Controls include:
1.
Labeling of all chemicals
2.
Proper chemical storage containers & areas
3.
Segregation of incompatible chemicals
4.
Personal Protective Equipment
5.
Use of chemicals by training and authorized employees
6.
Use of minimum amount necessary
7.
Bonding & Grounding of flammable liquid containers
Health Hazards
1.
4 - Severe
2.
3 - Extreme Danger
3.
2 - Hazardous
4.
1 - Slightly Hazardous
5.
0 - Normal Material
Fire Hazards - Flash Points
1.
4 - Below 73 degrees F
2.
3 - Below 100 degrees F
3.
2 - Above 100 degrees F
4.
1 - Will Not Burn
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REACTIVITY
1.
4 - May Detonate
2.
3 - Shock or heat may cause detonation
3.
2 - Violent change
4.
1 - Unstable if heated
5.
0 - Stable
PERSONAL PROTECTION
Pictures will be placed here of any PPE required.
Follow PPE requirements and any other special instructions listed
EXAMPLE:
CHEMICAL NAME and No.
4 HEALTH
2 FLAMMABILITY
1 REACTIVITY
PERSONAL PROTECTION
Additional Information
For additional hazard information and instructions, consult the specific chemical
Material Safety Data Sheet (MSDS)
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SUB-SECTION # 9: LOCKOUT / TAGOUT
9-1: The Control of Hazardous Energy
9-1.1: General
General requirements for the Control of Hazardous Energy are as follows:
1.
All energy sources shall be locked and tagged in the off or out position when maintenance work
is being performed. An energy source is an electrical, mechanical, hydraulic, pneumatic,
chemical, nuclear, thermal or other energy source that could cause injury.
2.
The Vast Construction supervisor is responsible for ensuring the energy source is properly
Locked-out and Tagged out prior to beginning work.
3.
Client Lockout/Tagout procedures are to be complied with.
4.
All Lockout/Tagout procedures will be coordinated with the client.
5.
Source will not be considered locked-out until the release of stored energy is completed. The
Vast Construction supervisor must coordinate with the client to ensure that this process is
accomplished.
9-1.2: Training
Training requirements for the Control of Hazardous Energy are as follows:
1.
All employees involved in the Lockout/Tagout program and employees who may be affected by
the Lockout/Tagout program must be properly trained prior to beginning the work.
2.
Annual refresher shall be conducted for all employees involved and/or affected by the Lockout/
Tagout program.
3.
The training shall ensure that the purpose and function of the Lockout/Tagout program is
understood by each employee and that the knowledge and skills required for the safe
application, usage and removal or energy controls are conveyed to each employee.
4.
Training shall include the recognition of hazardous energy sources, the type and magnitude of
energy in the work place, methods and means necessary of energy control and the purpose and
use of the Lockout/Tagout program.
5.
Retraining shall be provided whenever there is a change in the Lockout/Tagout program and
whenever job changes or changed in equipment present a new hazard.
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6.
All training must be documented, and must include the employee name, social security number
and the date of the training.
9-2: PROCEDURE-INDIVIDUAL
9-2.1: Preparation for lock-out or tag-out:
1.
Obtain the proper Hazardous Energy Control Procedure for the equipment or machine to be
locked-out or tagged-out.
2.
Identify all affected employees by name (or their job title) that may be involved in the
impending lockout and/or tag-out. The affected employees are any employee utilizing lockout
tag out practices.
9-2.2: Lock-Out or Tag-Out System Procedure:
1.
All equipment shall be locked out or tagged out to protect against accidental or inadvertent
operation when such an operation could cause injury to personnel.
2.
Notify all affected employees that a lockout or tag-out system is going to be utilized and the
reason for it.
3.
The authorized employee shall know the type and magnitude of energy that the machine or
equipment utilizes and shall understand the associated hazards.
4.
Shut down the equipment by normal stopping procedures. Operate the equipment to be sure it
is off.
5.
Operate the switch, valve, or other isolating devices so that the equipment is isolated from its
source. Stored energy must be dissipated or restrained by methods such as repositioning,
blocking, bleeding down, etc.
6.
Lockout and/or tag-out the energy isolating devices with assigned individual lock(s) or tag(s).
Note: Combination locks are prohibited for use in any lockout of machines or
equipment. Key locks only are permitted. If an energy source can be locked out this
method shall be utilized.
LOCKOUT DEVICE: A device that utilizes a lock (keyed only) to hold an energy isolating
device in a safe position. If an energy source cannot be locked out a tagout system shall
be utilized.
TAGOUT DEVICE: A warning tag (weather & chemical resistant) standardized in size,
color, with wording warning of hazardous energy (Do Not Start) (Do Not Open) (Do Not
Close) (Do Not Energize) (Do Not Operate). Do not attempt to operate any switch, valve,
or energy-isolating device when it is locked-out or tagged-out.
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1.
Notify all affected employees that a lockout/tag out system is going to be utilized and the
reason explained.
2.
Instruct the employee(s) of the type and magnitude of energy that the item being locked out
utilizes and the hazards of such energy.
3.
If the item or equipment is operating, shut it down after notifying unit control room.
4.
Operate the switch, valve or other energy isolation device(s), which will isolate the equipment
from its energy source. Stored energy must also be dissipated, bled off or restrained.
5.
Lockout and tag out the energy isolating devices with individually keyed lock(s), tag(s) or both if
possible. Locks will have the name of the user attached and keys will be in the possession of the
user. The first lock on and the last lock off will be the operator’s lock.
6.
After ensuring that no personnel are exposed, attempt to operate the equipment that has been
isolated. After this test is completed, be sure that all controls are in the “neutral” or “off”
position.
7.
Attach a “Danger – Do Not Operate” tag to the equipment operations device. This tag must be
dated and have the names of the persons involved on shift.
8.
The equipment is now locked out/tagged out and work may commence.
9-2.3: Restoring Equipment to Normal Operations:
1.
After work is completed and equipment is ready for normal operation, check areas to be certain
that no one is exposed.
2.
Ensure that all tools have been removed from the equipment and all employees are clear.
3.
Remove the lockout/tag out devices.
4.
With the authorization of the unit control room, operate the energy isolation devices to restore
energy to affected equipment.
9-2.4: Authorized Employee
A person who locks or implements a tag out system procedure on machines or
equipment to perform the servicing on that machine or equipment. An
authorized employee and an affected employee may be the same person when
the affected employee’s duties also include performing maintenance or service
on machine or equipment, which must have a lockout or tag out system
implemented.
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9-2.5: Affected Employee
An employee whose job requires the operation of use of equipment on which
servicing or maintenance is being performed under lockout or tag out, or whose
job requires working in an area in which such servicing or maintenance is being
performed.
9-2.6: Client Procedures
Company lockout/tag out procedures will be modified to incorporate client
procedures as long as those procedures properly protect the employee.
Affected employees or their job titles are identified on each Hazardous Energy
Control Procedure Form. The authorized employee’s will notify them whenever
a lockout or tag-out will occur, as well as when the equipment is being placed
back in service. It is the responsibility of management to approve all Hazardous
Energy Control Procedures. The following people can give approvals:
NAME: Robert Newland
TITLE: Safety Manager
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9-3: INDUSTRIAL TRAINING
Training will be given on lock-out/tag-out for all equipment or machines:
Industrial Safety Training Council
Authorized and affected employees will be trained in the following:
1.
Review of the requirements of 17 CFR 910.147, Control of Hazardous Energy
2.
Types and magnitudes of energy sources.
3.
The limitations of tag-out.
4.
Lockout and procedure for the isolation of energy sources.
5.
Procedures for removing lock/and/or tags.
6.
Procedure for restoring energy.
Authorized employees will be given training prior to any initial involvement in lock-out/tag-out
procedures.
Affected employees will be given training at the time of hiring.
Retraining will be given whenever there is a change in job assignment, a change in equipment or
process that would create a new hazard, or whenever a change would occur in the company’s
Hazardous Energy Control Procedures.
A list of trained employees and the dates of their training will be maintained by the Safety
Department.
9-4: ANNUAL RENEWAL
Each year an authorized employee such as management, or supervisors, who is not involved
with the authorized employee to inspect a machine, will conduct a review of the Hazardous
Energy Control Procedures for all machines and equipment.
AUTHORIZED EMPLOYEE PROCEDURE
Robert Newland Training
Claude Wilhelm Equipment
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9-5: ANNUAL INSPECTION
The following employees will be the authorized employees for the following equipment:
1.
Authorized Employee Machine or Equipment
2.
Claude Wilhelm Welders, Air Comp, Man-lifts, Dirt equipment etc.
9-6: Testing Equipment to Ensure Power is OFF:
After ensuring that no personnel are exposed, and as a check on having disconnected the energy
sources, operate the push button or other normal controls to make certain the equipment will
not operate.
CAUTION: Return operating control(s) to ‘neutral’ or ‘off’ position after the test.
The equipment is now locked-out or tagged-out.
Restoring Equipment to Normal Production Operation:
1.
After servicing and/or maintenance are complete and equipment is ready for normal production
operations, check the area to ensure that no one is exposed.
2.
Ensure that all tools have been removed from the equipment and that all guards have been
reinstalled.
3.
Remove lock-out/tag-out devices and operate the energy isolating devices to restore energy to
the machine or equipment.
9-7: Temporary Interruption:
1.
Temporary-interruption of LOTO is done by authorized employees only.
1.
Clear Tools
2.
Remove Employees
3.
Remove LOTO Device(s)
4.
Energize and proceed with testing.
5.
De-Energize and replace LOTO device.
6.
To document procedure.
7.
Verified by all personnel perform maintenance or repairs to equipment.
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9-8: Procedure – Group:
Prior to the implementation of any group lock-out/tag-out, this procedure will be
reviewed with all personal affected or authorized by the group lock-out/tag-out event.
One authorized employee will coordinate the lock-out/tag-out procedure for all group
lock-out/tag-out events. Each employee will affix his or her lock or tag to the equipment
being serviced or having maintenance performed. No employee will be allowed to
remove another employee’s lock or tag. Each employee will remove his or her own lock
or tag when his or her part of the operation is completed. When service or maintenance
will involve more than one shift, members of the off-going shift will remove their locks
and/or tags as the members of the on-coming shift applies their locks and or tags. When
equipment has room for only one lock, the coordinator of the procedure will place the
lock on the equipment and place the key in a cabinet or box. Each employee will affix his
or her lock to the cabinet or box.
9-9: Outside Service or Contractor Personnel:
Outside personnel or contractors who may be affected by the lockout tag-out
procedures must submit their energy control procedures to the Safety Department.
Affected employees of this company will be trained and notified of the proper
procedures by the Safety Department
9-10: Machine, Equipment Operation Specific List:
Equipment:
Department:
Supervisor:
Date:
Energy sources and locations:
Type of lock or energy control device:
Authorized employees:
Other employees:
Procedure developed by:
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SUB-SECTION #10: CONFINED SPACE ENTRY
10-1: General:
General requirements are as follows:
1.
A confined space is any tank, vessel or similar enclosed area that has a hazardous or potentially
hazardous atmosphere and/or a restricted means of entry and egress that is entered by
company or contract personnel. A hazardous atmosphere is any atmosphere containing a toxic
substance above the OSHA or ACGIH (American conference of Government Industrial Hygienists)
recommended exposure levels, whichever is most stringent. A hazardous atmosphere may also
contain a combustible gas or oxygen deficient atmosphere.
2.
Confined space is further defined as any tank, vessel, silo, vault, pit or open-topped space more
than 4 feet deep (except open-topped spaces whose width is greater than the depth) or any
other enclosed space that is not designed for human occupancy and has one or more of the
following characteristics: .
1.
Contains an actual or potentially hazardous atmosphere (i.e. an accumulation of toxic or
combustible agents, or an oxygen deficient or oxygen rich atmosphere).
2.
Makes ready escape difficult (i.e. prevents egress in a normal walking position).
3.
Restricts entry for rescue purposes.
3.
The Vast Construction, LLC supervisor is responsible for implementing and enforcing the
confined space entry program.
4.
Client confined space procedures and requirements will be complied with.
5.
Confined space entries will be coordinated between the Vast Construction, LLC supervisor and
the client.
6.
This program will be reviewed no less than annually and will be revised when necessary. All
entry permits will be reviewed and retained for 1 year.
7.
All multiple contractor entry work by company and non-company employees that involves the
entry into confined spaces will follow the procedures of this program. The information of this
program and specific hazards of the confined spaces to be entered will be provided to
Contractor Management prior to commencing entry or work.
10-2: Preparation of Confined Space:
Requirements for Preparation of Confined Space are as follows:
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1.
Before entering the interior of any vessel or tank, it shall be drained, washed, purged and
flushed to the extent practical. The area will be barricaded to restrict any outside hazards from
entering site.
2.
Blind all necessary flanges or disconnect all lines that may carry harmful agents to ensure that
no vapors or fluids can leak into the confined space area. Double block and bleed isolation of
equipment is not sufficient for confined space entry. Lockout and tag all necessary pumps,
motors, or any other energy source to ensure complete isolation of the confined space. All
established electrical lockout/tag out and blinding procedures for equipment isolation should be
followed.
3.
The use of purging and mechanical ventilation should be considered unless conditions prevent
its use. Ventilation equipment must be hazard classed for the area it will be used in; for
example, Class I Division II explosive proof fans may be required if ventilation is used.
Note: Special considerations must be given to tanks that are being purged in an
inert gas. “Normal” combustible gas indicators will not accurately measure the
combustible gas in a tank being purged as it drops from the UEL through the
explosive range in the LEL.
10-3: Testing Confined Space Atmosphere:
Requirements for Testing Confined Space Atmospheres are as follows:
1.
Confined space atmospheres must be tested before entry is allowed. The atmosphere must be
tested for oxygen content, flammability (LEL) and any suspected toxic contaminants such as
sulfide, NORM, etc. Employees have the right request additional monitoring at any time.
2.
In such instances, where entry is required to test the atmosphere, the individual conducting the
test shall wear a Self-Contained Breathing Apparatus (SCBA) or airline positive pressure
respirator with egress bottle. The Respiratory Protection Program shall be followed when using
respiratory equipment.
3.
All equipment used for atmospheric testing shall be calibrated and operationally checked prior
to use according to manufacturer specifications, the atmospheric tests and operational checks
that proceed the issuing of a permit should be as close as practical to the time the work is to
begin and recorded on the entry permit. All parties involved with entry have the right to
participate and review the monitor findings.
1.
Oxygen content: the percentage of oxygen for unprotected entry into a confined space
shall be no less than 19.5% nor greater than 23.5%. The oxygen level must be monitored
before the flammability test is conducted.
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4.
2.
Entry will not be allowed if LEL is greater than 10%.
3.
Direct Reading Instruments are the only units approved for Confined Space Entry Jobs.
Contact Vast Construction LLC. Safety Department if you have any questions.
Portable or fixed DANGER signs must be posted at all point(s) of entry to the confined space that
may not be safe for unprotected entry, or where a hazardous atmosphere may accumulate.
Signs shall conform to Vast Construction, LLC specifications and shall state:
Confined Space-Entry by Permit Only
5.
Those confined spaces that do not require respiratory protection based on the test results shall
be continuously monitored with an oxygen meter during the performance of work. Any
employee or coworker working in the area can request more monitoring as they see fit. The
area must be evacuated immediately if the oxygen content falls below 19.5% by volume if
proper respiratory equipment is not being used. The area must also be evacuated immediately if
the oxygen content rises above 23.5% by volume if proper respiratory equipment is not being
used.
6.
Continuous monitoring shall be conducted for toxic gasses and combustible gases that may be
released during the course of work. Continuous monitoring for toxic and combustible is
MANDATORY on all confined space work regardless of respiratory protection provided. The area
must be evacuated if the combustible gases rise above 10% LEL. The area must be ventilated to
ensure the LEL is below 10% before re-entry is permitted. The confined space is continuously
monitored because the LEL may rise above the 10% safe level.
10-4: Confined Space Entry Permits:
The Confined Space Entry Permit is the major tool in assuring safety during entry in
confined spaces with known hazards or with unknown or potentially hazardous
atmospheres. The entry permit process guides the supervisor and workers through a
systematic evaluation of the space to be entered. The permit should be used to
establish appropriate conditions. Before each entry into a confined space, an entry
permit will be completed by a qualified person and the contents communicated to all
employees involved in the operation and conspicuously posted near the work location.
A standard entry permit should be used for all entries.
10-5: Key Elements for Entry Permits
A standard entry permit should contain the following items:
1.
Permit space to be entered;
2.
Purpose of the entry;
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3.
Date of the permit and the authorized duration of the entry permit,
4.
Name of authorized entrants within the permit space;
5.
Means of identifying authorized entrants inside the permit space, e.g., rosters or tracking
systems;
6.
Personnel, by name, currently serving as attendants,
7.
Individual, by name, currently serving as entry supervisor, with a space for the signature or
initials of the entry supervisor who originally authorized entry,
8.
Hazards of the permit space to be entered,
9.
Measures used to isolate the permit space and to eliminate or control permit space hazards
before entry, e.g., lockout or tagout of equipment and procedures for purging, inerting,
ventilating, and flushing permit spaces;
10.
Acceptable entry conditions,
11.
Results of initial and periodic tests performed, accompanied by the names or initials of the
testers and by an indication of when the tests were performed;
12.
Rescue and emergency services that can be summoned and the means, (e.g., equipment to use,
phone numbers to call) for summoning those services,
13.
Communication procedures used by authorized entrants and attendants to maintain contact
during the entry,
14.
Equipment to be provided for compliance with this section, (e.g.,
PPE, testing, communications, alarm systems, and rescue);
1.
Other information whose inclusion is necessary, given the circumstances of the particular
confined space, in order to ensure employee safety; and
2.
Additional permits, such as for hot work, that have been issued to authorize work in the permit
space. Appendix D of 17 CFR 910.146 provides an example permit containing these items.
A permit is only valid for one shift. For a permit to be renewed, several conditions
should be met before each re-entry into the confined space. First, atmospheric testing
should be conducted and the results should be within acceptable limits. If atmospheric
test results are not within acceptable limits, precautions to protect entrants against the
hazards should be addressed on the permit and should be in place. Second, a qualified
person should verify that all precautions and other measures called for on the permit
are still in effect. Finally only operations or work originally approved on the permit
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should be conducted in the confined space. A new permit should be issued or the
original permit reissued whenever changing work conditions or work activities introduce
new hazards into the confined space. The employer should retain each cancelled entry
permit for at least one year to facilitate the review of the confined space entry program.
Any problems encountered during an entry operation should be noted on the pertinent
permit so that appropriate revisions to the confined space permit program can be
made.
10-6: Personal Protective Equipment:
Requirements for Personal Protective Equipment are as follows:
1.
Company personnel authorized to enter a toxic/oxygen deficient atmosphere shall be provided
with the proper respiratory equipment and operating instructions. This equipment shall be
checked prior to ensure operability. Contract personnel entering a hazardous atmosphere shall
be provided proper respiratory equipment in conjunction with a satisfactory respiratory
protection program.
2.
Proper personal protective equipment (gloves, goggles, hearing protection, etc.) shall be used
when applicable. The Safety Department will assist to ensure the proper protective equipment is
utilized.
10-7: Standby Person and Rescue:
10-7.1: Rescue Plan:
Note: because of the nature of Vast Construction confined space work all rescue
services will be provided by client/Host
A written rescue plan shall be maintained and followed.
1.
The plan shall include, at a minimum:
1.
An assessment of the hazard
2.
Personnel required to perform the rescue
3.
Precautions to be taken in a confined space
4.
Personal protective equipment to be used
5.
Rescue equipment needed
6.
Tools or other special equipment needed
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2.
This plan should be reviewed before the permit is initially used. It is only necessary to review
this plan once on those jobs requiring numerous permits to be used, unless the personnel
change.
3.
In all cases of confined entry, employee(s) shall be posted outside of the entry/exit in order to
handle emergencies. Circumstances may require more than one person posted at different
access/entry points. The standby person must have proper respiratory protective equipment
immediately next to the opening with equipment being ready for immediate use prior to work
commencing.
4.
Training and PPE will be provided at no cost to the employee and rescue exercises will be held at
least once a year.
5.
The standby person(s) shall be in constant communication by the most practical and effective
means available with the individual(s) in the confined space. The standby person will have a
SCBA available at all times in the event of an emergency.
6.
Persons first entering a confined space that is suspected to have a hazardous atmosphere will
use safety harness and lifelines. A standby person(s) shall attend these lines. If the area is
determined to be safe for entry through atmospheric testing, then the lifelines may no longer be
necessary.
7.
The standby person must be properly trained in CPR and First Aid.
8.
At least one entry attendant per confined space permit.
10-7.2: Employee Training:
Employees must be trained in the relevant aspects of safety regarding confined spaces.
1.
Training shall include by not be limited to:
1.
Type of confined space to be entered
2.
Chemical or physical hazards involved
3.
Work practices and techniques
4.
Atmospheric testing procedures
5.
Personal protective equipment to be used.
6.
Rescue procedures
7.
A change of conditions
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2.
All new employees shall be trained prior to their first confined space entry work. Retraining shall
perform periodically, at least annually. All training shall be documented and maintained on CSIS
or a hard copy on file at the location.
10-7.3: Authorized Duties:
10-7.3.1: Attendant:
Before an employee is utilized as a standby man or hole man he shall be
thoroughly indoctrinated as to his duties and responsibilities and shall
acknowledge this by his signature. A standby man plays a very important role in
the safe execution of a job in a tower or a vessel. It is the duty of the supervisor
to see to it that each man is instructed as to what his duties are, and to the
location of the safety equipment to be used in case of emergency.
1.
A hole watch should stay awake and alert at all times. Know what’s going on inside the vessel
and the area around it.
2.
Stay in constant contact with the man inside the confined space and/or vessel.
3.
Know where the nearest fire extinguisher is located and how to use it.
4.
Know where the stretcher and other emergency equipment are located.
5.
Know where the welding machines in use on your job are located and how to turn them off if
necessary.
6.
Know where to obtain emergency lights in case of a power failure. The attendant shall be issued
a flashlight for emergency use.
7.
Know where the ventilation for the vessel is and be sure that they are working at all times.
8.
Keep the area around the man way clean at all times.
9.
If you have to leave your job for any reason, be sure that you are properly relieved before
leaving. Never leave a vessel with men inside unattended.
10.
Know who to contact and how to contact that person in case of an emergency inside your
vessel.
11.
In case of a gas spill, fire or other emergency, contact the people inside the confined space, shut
down all equipment (welding machines, etc) and direct the people to the correct evacuation
route. Anyone entering a confined space should be sure that an attendant is available and make
sure that he needs to assure himself that he has a competent hole watch, not just a hat by the
man way. Each foreman is responsible to see to it that his attendant knows what his job is and
where the safety equipment is located and how to use it.
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12.
Each employee utilized as an attendant or hole watch shall be thoroughly trained in rescue
equipment, rescue responsibility and rescue procedures.
13.
If breathing air equipment or other respiratory equipment may be utilized, all respiratory
equipment regulations shall be observed, including but not limited to, training, fit testing,
pulmonary certifications, etc.
14.
Be physically able to assist in rescues.
Documentation shall be maintained at the jobsite office.
I fully understand my responsibilities and basic duties as an attendant or hole watch person.
_________________________________
(Printed Name)
_________________________________
(Signature)
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(Date)
_____________________
(SS#)
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10-7.3.2: Entrant:
1.
Knows the hazards and precautions associated with the confined space being entered. Reviews
and signs the permit.
2.
Knows signs and symptoms of over exposure and know to exit the confined space should signs
occur. These signs may include: loss of muscle control, mental confusion, breathing difficulties,
misguided feelings of wellbeing, and ringing in the ears.
3.
Uses all personal protective equipment required.
4.
Keeps in contact with the attendant.
10-7.3.3: Entry Supervisor:
1.
Assures that the permit is filled out completely and that all necessary precautions have been
taken. He then signs and approves the permit. He reviews with the workers before entry, the
hazards and safeguards associated with the job.
2.
Checks that conditions are safe during entry and re-checks throughout the work to assure
conditions do not change.
3.
Cancels a permit and orders everyone out if the specific conditions become unsafe.
4.
Allow only authorized personnel in the work area.
5.
Checks the work area when the work is finished. Signs off the permit as completed.
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SUB-SECTION # 11: HEARING CONSERVATION
11-1: Program Requirements
The requirements for Vast Construction, LLC’s Hearing Conservation Program are as
follows:
1.
All Vast Construction employees shall comply with the Vast Construction Hearing Conservation
Program regarding the protection of employees from occupational noise exposure. When
information indicates that employee exposure may equal/exceed the 8 hr time- weighted avg.
of 85 decibels, the employer shall implement a monitoring program to identify employees to be
included in the hearing conservation program.
2.
The Hearing Conservation Program include:
3.
1.
Properly selected hearing protection that reduces exposure levels below 85 dba for 8hour TWA.
2.
Initial and annual training for employees.
3.
Annual audiometric testing and evaluation of employees.
4.
All records will be maintained in compliance with the OSHA recordkeeping standard (
1910.95(m)(1) ).
5.
An employee shall not be exposed to work place noise for at least 14 hours preceding a
baseline audiogram and should also avoid loud noise areas preceding baseline testing.
6.
Within 6 months of an employee's first exposure at or above the action level, the
employer shall establish a valid baseline audiogram against which future audiograms
can be compared. When a mobile van is used, the baseline shall be established within 1
yr.
The Vast Construction Safety Department and Management will administer the Hearing
Conservation Program.
11-2: Hearing Protection
The requirements for Vast Construction, LLC’s Hearing Protection Program are as
follows:
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1.
All employees who enter areas where sound levels are 85 dba or greater shall wear adequate
hearing protection provided by Vast Construction at no cost to the employee.
2.
Hearing protectors must attenuate employee exposure at least to a 8-hour TWA of 90 dba and
preferably to a TWA of 85 dba.
3.
Employees shall be given the option of wearing hearing protection that is the most comfortable
as long as the hearing protection meets the requirement of the Hearing Conservation Program.
4.
Vast Construction employees shall wear proper hearing protection in all areas that have
“Hearing Protection Required” signs posted.
11-3: Training Program
The guidelines for Vast Construction LLC.’s training program are as follows:
1.
All Vast Construction employees covered under the Hearing Conservation Program shall
participate in initial and annual training that will include the following:
1.
The components of the Hearing Conservation Program.
2.
OSHA requirements regarding occupational noise exposure.
3.
How the ear hears and the effects of noise exposure on hearing.
4.
Areas where noise exposures can occur in the workplace.
5.
Proper selection, fitting, use and care of hearing protectors.
6.
The purpose, results and evaluation of audiometric testing.
2.
An outline of the Hearing Conservation Training Program shall be retained and on file in the Vast
Construction Safety Department.
3.
All training shall be documented.
11-4: Audiometric Testing
The requirements for Vast Construction LLC.’s Audiometric Testing Program are as
follows:
1.
At least annually after obtaining the baseline audiogram, the employer shall obtain a new
audiogram for each employee exposed at or above an 8-hour time-weighted average of 85
decibels. Each employee's annual audiogram shall be compared to that employee's baseline
audiogram to determine if the audiogram is valid and if a standard threshold shift has occurred.
If a comparison of the annual audiogram to the baseline audiogram indicates a standard
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threshold shift, the employee shall be informed of this fact in writing, within 21 days of the
determination.
2.
Use of hearing protection shall be re-evaluated and/or refitted and if necessary a medical
evaluation may be required.
SUB-SECTION # 12: VEHICLE SAFETY
12-1: Vehicle Safety Rules
The safety rules for Vast Construction employees are as follows:
1.
All drivers of Vast Constructions vehicles must have a valid drivers’ license.
2.
All drivers of Vast Constructions vehicles must operate the vehicle safely at all times and take
necessary precautions to avoid accidents.
3.
All drivers of Vast Constructions vehicles must be familiar with and abide by all traffic laws and
defensive driving principles.
4.
A driver should make it a habit to look around the vehicle for all potential hazards before
entering the vehicle and putting the vehicle in motion.
5.
To insure that the vehicle is safe and in good mechanical condition, the driver must:
1.
Thoroughly check the vehicle each day.
2.
Report any defects or deficiencies that were detected to the supervisor.
3.
The safety of the vehicle must be maintained.
4.
The driver must submit a weekly vehicle condition inspection report to their supervisor.
6.
No employee shall drive a company vehicle while under the influence of any drug (legal or
illegal), alcohol and/or any condition (such as illness or fatigue) which will affect their ability to
be a safe and alert driver.
7.
The driver and all passengers in a company vehicle must wear seatbelts while the vehicle is in
motion.
8.
Radar sensing devices are not permitted in company vehicles.
9.
Picking up hitchhikers is dangerous and prohibited.
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10.
Any vehicle accident (major or minor) involving a company owned, rented, or leased vehicle
must be reported as soon as possible to the supervisor and appropriate company and state
forms must be complete.
11.
When possible, park where backing is not required.
12.
Before starting out in the vehicle in the morning, clear all windows of any frost, ice or dew.
Cleaning only the windshield (or a small place on the windshield) does not allow proper visibility.
13.
Driving is a full time job. Drivers should not engage in any other activities. When dialing a mobile
telephone or taking notes, the vehicle should be pulled off of the roadway and stopped.
14.
When hazardous conditions such as fog, snow, ice, rain, etc. affect visibility and traction, the
driver must turn on the headlights, reduce their speed and exercise extreme caution.
15.
Loose equipment, tools, bottles, trash, etc. must not be allowed to accumulate inside the
passenger compartment of a company vehicle.
16.
When driving on lease or ranch roads, the driver should:
17.
1.
Reduce speed to match conditions of 13miles per hour or less.
2.
Stay alert and be prepared to take precautionary measures.
3.
Watch for:
1.
Blind corners
2.
Narrow (one lane) bridges, cattle guards, etc.
3.
Livestock and other animals.
4.
Dust from approaching vehicles that may hide another vehicle following or
passing the approaching vehicle.
5.
Changes in road surfaces (muddy, rough, deep sand, etc)
6.
Farm machinery and road maintenance equipment.
7.
Always be prepared to yield the right-of-way when another vehicle is
approaching on a narrow road. Find a suitable place to pull over and stop before
the vehicles are too close.
8.
If driving in mud, drive the vehicle at a speed which will enable you to maintain
control of the vehicle.
When driving in a client’s plant, the driver must:
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1.
Know and obey all of the client’s safety rules.
2.
Drive below the client’s posted speed limit.
3.
Stay alert for pedestrians, bicycles, plant vehicles, etc.
4.
Obey all traffic signals and signs.
5.
Never drive into a vapor cloud; stop, turn around or back up. If there is not enough time
to drive away, kill the engine and abandon the vehicle and follow the client’s emergency
procedures.
6.
Sound the horn before backing.
18.
Vehicles equipped with catalytic converters should not be driven on the grassy areas or an area
where flammables such as gasoline may accumulate due to the extreme fire hazard as a result
of heat from the catalytic converter.
19.
Vehicles must not be driven into gaseous areas, such as around tank batteries, gas wells,
emergency burning pits, leaking pipelines or low lying areas where an accumulation of gas may
occur.
20.
When a vehicle is to be maneuvered in a confined or congested area, precautions should be
taken to ensure the area is clear and the driver has clear vision of the entire area. Help should
be obtained from someone who has an unobstructed view.
21.
When sitting in a stopped vehicle with the engine running, the employee should open a vent or
window enough to ensure ample fresh air. A door should be opened wide enough, at intervals,
to expel the potential carbon monoxide fumes. (Caution: carbon monoxide is a colorless,
odorless gas which can be deadly.
22.
To be certain carbon monoxide fumes do not accumulate inside a building, the garage or shop
doors must be opened for ventilation while the vehicle is running inside the building.
23.
All service trucks must be equipped with a fire extinguisher, first-aid kit and additional required
emergency equipment.
24.
Service truck tool boxes must be kept clean and orderly at all times. Tools must be clean and and
neatly stored in the proper compartment.
12-2: Jump Starting a Vehicle
When jump starting a vehicle, the following procedures should be followed:
1.
Safety goggles should be worn to protect the eyes in the event a spark causes one of the
batteries to explode.
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2.
Attach one cable to the positive terminal of the dead battery, then attach the other end to the
positive terminal of the booster battery.
3.
Attach one end of the remaining cable to the ground terminal of the booster battery.
4.
Attach one end of the ground jumping cable to the engine block or frame of the vehicle with the
dead battery at a point at least two (2) feet away from the battery.
5.
Once the vehicle with the dead battery has been started, remove the ground cable from the
engine block frame. Be careful of the moving parts.
6.
Remove the other end of the cable from the ground terminal of the booster battery.
7.
Remove the positive cable, first from the booster cable, then from the dead battery.
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SUB-SECTION # 13: ELECTRICAL PROGRAM
13-1: Purpose
The Electrical Safety program is designed to prevent electrically related injuries and
property damage. This program also provides for proper training of maintenance
employees to ensure they have the requisite knowledge and understanding of electrical
work practices and procedures. Only employees qualified in this program may conduct
adjustment, repair or replacement of electrical components or equipment. Electricity
has long been recognized as a serious workplace hazard, exposing employees to such
dangers as electric shock, electrocution, fires and explosions. References: NFPA 70E,
Electrical Safety Requirements for Employee Workplaces, National Electrical Code (NEC)
and OSHA Standard (Electrical Safety) 29 CFR 1910.331 to 1910.339
13-2: Responsibilities
13-2.1: Management:
8.
Provide training for qualified and unqualified employees
9.
Conduct inspections to identify electrical safety deficiencies
10.
Guard and correct all electrical deficiencies promptly
11.
Ensure all new electrical installations meet codes and regulations
13-2.2: Employees:
1.
Report electrical deficiencies immediately
2.
Not work on electrical equipment unless authorized and trained
3.
Properly inspect all electrical equipment prior to use
13-3: Hazard Control
13-3.1: Engineering Controls:
1.
All electrical distribution panels, breakers, disconnects, switches, junction boxes shall be
completely enclosed
2.
Water tight enclosure shall be used where there is possibility of moisture entry either from
operations or weather exposure
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3.
Electrical distribution areas will be guarded against accidental damage by locating in specifically
designed rooms, use of substantial guard posts and rails and other structural means
4.
A clear approach and 3 foot side clearance shall be maintained for all distribution panels.
5.
All conduits shall be fully supported throughout its length. Non-electrical attachments to conduit
is prohibited.
6.
All non-rigid cords shall be provided strain relief where necessary.
13-3.2: Administrative Controls:
1.
Only trained and authorized employees may conduct repairs to electrical equipment.
2.
Contractors performing electrical work must be hold a license for the rated work
3.
Areas under new installation or repair will be sufficiently guarded with physical barriers and
warning signs to prevent unauthorized entry
4.
Access to electrical distribution rooms is limited to those employees who have a need to enter
5.
All electrical control devices shall be properly labeled
6.
Work on energized circuits is prohibited unless specifically authorized by senior facility
management
7.
All qualified employees will follow established electrical safety procedures and precautions
13-3.3: Protective Equipment:
1.
Qualified employees will wear electrically rated safety shoed/boots.
2.
All tools used for electrical work shall be properly insulated
3.
Electrical rated gloves shall be available for work on electrical equipment
4.
Electrically rated matting will be installed in front of all distribution panels in electric utility
rooms
13-3.4: Electrical Equipment
13-3.4.1: Examination
Other factors which contribute to the practical safeguarding of employees
Electrical equipment shall be free from recognized hazards that are likely to
cause death or serious physical harm to employees. Safety of equipment shall
be determined using the following considerations:
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1.
Suitability for installation and use in conformity with the provisions of this subpart. Suitability of
equipment for an identified purpose may be evidenced by listing or labeling for that identified
purpose.
2.
Mechanical strength and durability, including, for parts designed to enclose and protect other
equipment, the adequacy of the protection thus provided.
3.
Electrical insulation.
4.
Heating effects under conditions of use.
5.
Arcing effects.
6.
Classification by type, size, voltage, current capacity, and specific use.
7.
Using or likely to come in contact with the equipment.
13-3.4.2: Identification of Disconnecting Means and Circuits
Each disconnecting means for motors and appliances shall be legibly
marked to indicate its purpose. Each service, feeder, and branch circuit,
at its disconnecting means or over current device, shall be legibly
marked to indicate its purpose. These markings shall be of sufficient
durability to withstand the environment involved.
A disconnecting means is a switch that is used to disconnect the
conductors of a circuit from the source of electric current. Disconnect
switches are important because they enable a circuit to be opened,
stopping the flow of electricity, and thus can effectively protect workers
and equipment.
Each disconnect switch or over current device required for a service,
feeder, or branch circuit must be clearly labeled to indicate the circuit's
function, and the label or marking should be located at the point where
the circuit originates. For example, on a panel that controls several
motors or on a motor control center, each disconnect must be clearly
marked to indicate the motor to which each circuit is connected. In the
figure below, the Number 2 circuit breaker in the panel box supplies
current only to disconnect Number 2, this in turn controls the current to
motor Number 2. This current to motor Number 2 can be shut off by the
Number 2 circuit breaker or the Number 2 disconnect.
All labels and markings must be durable enough to withstand weather,
chemicals, heat, corrosion, or any other environment to which they may
be exposed.
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13-4: Definition of Terms
13-4.1: Qualified Worker: An employee trained and authorized to conduct electrical
work.
13-4.2: Unqualified: Employees who have not been trained or authorized by
management to conduct electrical work.
13-5: Training
13-5.1: Training for Unqualified Employees:
Training for Unqualified Employees is general electrical safety precautions to
provide an awareness and understanding of electrical hazards.
13-5.2: Electrical Safety Rules for Non-Qualified Workers:
1.
Do not conduct any repairs to electrical equipment
2.
Report all electrical deficiencies to your supervisor
3.
Do not operate equipment if you suspect and electrical problem
4.
Water and electricity do not mix.
5.
Even low voltages can kill or injure you
6.
Do not use cords or plugs if the ground prong is missing
7.
Do not overload electrical receptacles
13-5.3: Training for Qualified Employees
Training for Qualified Employees includes specific equipment procedures and
requirements of Electrical Safety, 29 CFR 1910.331 to 1910.339
13-5.4: Personal Protective Equipment:
Employees working in areas where the potential contact with exposed electrical
sources is present and likely, will be provided and shall use Personal Protective
Equipment (PPE). The following rules apply to the use and care of PPEs:
1.
PPEs shall be used where contact with exposed electrical sources are present and likely.
2.
PPEs shall be designed for the work being performed and environment in which it is used.
3.
PPEs shall be visually inspected and/or tested before use. Any defects or damage shall be
replaced, repaired or discarded.
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4.
In cases where the insulating capabilities of the PPEs may be damaged during the work, a
protective outer cover, such as leather, must be used.
5.
Employees shall wear non-conductive head protection wherever there is a danger of injury from
electrical burns or shock from contact with exposed energized parts.
6.
Employee shall wear protective eye/face equipment whenever there is a danger from electrical
arcs or flashes or from flying objects resulting from an electrical explosion.
13-5.5: Electrical PPE Inspection Schedule
Type of equipment
When to test
Rubber insulating line hose
Upon indication that insulating value is suspect.
Rubber insulating covers
Upon indication that insulating value is suspect.
Rubber insulating blankets
Before first issue and every 12 months
Rubber insulating gloves
Before first issue and every 6 months
Rubber insulating sleeves
Before first issue and every 12 months
Electrical Lockout & Tagout Requirements
Application of locks and tags
13-6: Electrical Lockout & Tagout Requirements:
A lock and a tag shall be placed on each disconnecting means used to de-energize
circuits and equipment on which work is to be performed, except as provided for below.
1.
The lock shall be attached so as to prevent persons from operating the disconnecting means
unless they resort to undue force or the use of tools.
2.
Each tag shall contain a statement prohibiting unauthorized operation of the disconnecting
means and removal of the tag.
3.
If a lock cannot be applied a tag may be used without a lock.
4.
A tag used without a lock must be supplemented by at least one additional safety measure that
provides a level of safety equivalent to that obtained by use of a lock. Examples of additional
safety measures include the removal of an isolating circuit element, blocking of a controlling
switch, or opening of an extra disconnecting device.
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5.
A lock may be placed without a tag only under the following conditions:
1.
Only one circuit or piece of equipment is de-energized, and
2.
The lockout period does not extend beyond the work shift, and
3.
Employees exposed to the hazards associated with reenergizing the circuit or equipment
are familiar with this procedure.
13-7: Working at Elevated Locations
Any person working on electrical equipment on a crane or other elevated must take
necessary precautions to prevent a fall from reaction to electrical shock or other causes.
A second person, knowledgeable as a safety watch, must assume the best possible
position to assist the worker in case of an accident. Portable ladders shall have nonconductive side rails if they are used where the employee or the ladder could contact
exposed energized parts.
13-7.1: General Protective Equipment and Tools
General Protective Equipment and Tools shall be used when in the proximity of, or
working on, exposed energized parts. The following rules apply:
1.
When working on or near exposed energized parts, Qualified Employees shall use insulated tools
or handling equipment suitable for the voltage present and working environment. In cases
where the insulation may be damaged, a protective outer layer should be employed.
2.
Fuse handling equipment, insulated for the circuit voltage, shall be used to remove or install
fuses when the terminal is energized.
3.
Ropes and other hand lines used near exposed energized equipment shall be non-conductive.
13-7.2: Warnings and Barricades
Warnings and barricades shall be employed to alert unqualified Employees of the
present danger related to exposed energized parts. The following rules apply:
1.
Safety signs, warning tags, etc., must be used to warn Unqualified Employees of the electrical
hazards present, even temporarily, that may endanger them.
2.
Non-conductive barricades shall be used with safety signs to prevent Unqualified Employees
access to exposed energized parts or areas.
3.
Where barricades and warning signs do not provide adequate protection from electrical
hazards, an Attendant shall be stationed to warn and protect Employees.
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13-7.3: Powered Equipment Safety Rules
Electrical equipment is defined as cord or plug-type electrical devices which include the
use of flexible or extension cords. Examples of portable electrical equipment included
powered hand tools, powered bench tools, fans, radios, etc. The following safety rules
apply to portable electrical equipment (PEE):
1.
PEE shall be handled in such a manner as to not cause damage. Power cords may not be stapled
or otherwise hung in a way that may cause damage to the outer jacket or insulation.
2.
PEE shall be visually inspected for damage, wear, cracked or spilt outer jackets or insulation,
etc., before use or before each shift. PEE that remain connected once put in place need not be
inspected until relocated. Any defects; such as cracked or split outer jackets or insulation must
be repaired, replaced or placed out of service.
3.
Always check the compatibility of cord sets and receptacles for proper use.
4.
Ground type cord sets may only be used with ground type receptacles when used with
equipment requiring a ground type conductor.
5.
Attachment plugs and receptacle may not be altered or connected in a way that would prevent
the proper continuity of the equipment grounding conductor. Adapters may not be used if they
interrupt the continuity of the grounding conductor.
6.
Only portable electrical equipment that is double insulated or designed for use in areas that are
wet or likely to contact conductive liquids may be used.
7.
Employees that are wet or have wet hands may not handle PEEs (plug-in, un-plug, etc.). Personal
protective equipment must be used when handling PEEs that are wet or covered with a
conductive liquid.
8.
Locking-type connectors shall be properly secured after connection to a power source.
13-7.4: Electrical Circuit Safety Procedures
Electrical power and lighting circuits are defined as devices specifically designed to
connect, disconnect or reverse circuits under a power load condition. When these
circuits are employed, the following rules apply:
1.
Cable connectors (not of load-break type) fuses, terminal plugs or cable splice connectors may
not be used, unless an emergency, to connect, disconnect or reverse in place of proper electrical
circuits.
2.
After a protective circuit is disconnected or opened, it may not be connected or closed until it
has been determined that the equipment and circuit can be safely energized.
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3.
Overcurrent protectors of circuits or connected circuits may not be modified, even on a
temporary basis, beyond the installation safety requirements.
4.
Only Qualified Employees may perform test on electrical circuits or equipment.
5.
Test equipment and all associated test leads, cables, power cords, probes and connectors shall
be visually inspected for external damage before use. Any damage or defects shall be repaired
before use or placed out of service.
6.
Test equipment shall be rated to meet or exceed the voltage being tested and fit for the
environment in which it is being used.
7.
Where flammable or ignitable materials are stored, even occasionally, electrical equipment
capable of igniting them may not be used unless measures are taken to prevent hazardous
conditions from developing.
13-8: Standard Operating Procedure
13-8.1: Electrical Pre-Work Procedure
Except in extreme cases, work on electrical equipment will be done with all
electrical circuits in the work area de-energized by following the Lockout/Tagout
procedure. When working on or near energized electrical circuits with less than
30 volts to ground, the equipment need not be de-energized if there will be no
increased exposure to electrical burns or to explosion from electric arcs. To
prepare for work on electrical systems or components, the following procedure
applies:
Caution: Treat all electrical circuits as "Live" until they have been Tagged and
Locked Out and tested by the following procedure.
1.
Obtain permission from supervisor to conduct work
2.
Lockout and Tagout all sources of electrical power
3.
Verify de-energized condition before any circuits or equipment are considered and worked as
de-energized.
1.
A qualified person shall operate the equipment operating controls or otherwise verify
that the equipment cannot be restarted.
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2.
Verify proper operation of the Voltmeter at a live electrical source of the same rated
voltage as the circuit to be worked.
3.
Using the Voltmeter, check all exposed circuits phase to phase and phase to ground for
evidence of voltage/current in the circuit.
4.
Conduct work on the circuit only after determining that there is no voltage in any of the
exposed circuits.
5.
If voltage is detected in any exposed circuit, STOP, inform supervisor and determine
source and procedure to eliminate voltage.
4.
Conduct work
5.
Close up all exposed circuits, boxes, controls, equipment.
6.
Remove Lockout/Tagout
7.
Obtain supervisor permission to energize circuits
13-9: Standard Operating Procedure
13-9.1:Working on or Near Exposed Energized Circuits
In the rare situation when energized equipment (or working in near proximity to
energized equipment) can not be de-energized, the following work practices
must be used to provide protection:
Caution: Unqualified Employees are prohibited from working on or near
exposed energized circuits.
1.
Obtain permission from Manager to work on or near energized electrical circuits
2.
Lockout and Tagout all circuits possible
3.
Treat all circuits as energized.
4.
Remove all conductive clothing and jewelry (rings, watches, wrist/neck chains, metal buttons,
metal writing instruments, etc.).
5.
Use proper personal protective equipment, shields and/or barriers to provide effective electrical
insulation from energized circuits. This may include electrically rated insulated gloves, aprons,
rubber soled shoes, insulated shields, insulated tools, etc.
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6.
Provide adequate lighting. Do not enter areas with exposed energized parts unless illumination
(lighting) is provided so that Employee may work safely. Do not reach around obstructions of
view or lighting (blindly) into areas where exposed energized parts are located.
7.
Employees entering a Confined Space with exposed energized parts must use protective
barriers, shields, or equipment or insulated materials rated at or above the present voltage to
avoid contact.
8.
Doors or other hinged panels shall be constructed and secured to prevent them from swinging
into an Employee and causing contact with exposed energized parts.
9.
Housekeeping in areas of exposed energized parts may not be completed in areas with close
contact unless adequate safeguards (insulation equipment or barriers) are present. Conductive
cleaning material (Steel Wool, Silicon Carbide, etc.) or liquids may not be used unless
procedures (Lock and Tag Out, etc.) are in place and followed.
10.
Station a safety observer outside work area. The sole function of this person is to quickly deenergize all sources of power or pull worker free from electrical work area with a nonconductive safety rope if contact is made with an energized electrical circuit.
11.
A person qualified in CPR must be readily available to the scene.
12.
When work is to be performed near overhead lines, the lines shall be de-energized and
grounded, or other protective measures shall be provided before work is started. If the lines are
to be de-energized, arrangements shall be made with the person or organization that operates
or controls the electric circuits involved to de-energize and ground them. If protective measures,
such as guarding, isolating, or insulating, are provided, these precautions shall prevent
employees from contacting such lines directly with any part of their body or indirectly through
conductive materials, tools, or equipment.
13.
The work practices used by qualified persons installing insulating devices on overhead power
transmission or distribution lines are covered by 1910.269. Unqualified persons are prohibited
from performing this type of work.
14.
When an unqualified person is working in an elevated position near overhead lines, the location
shall be such that the person and the longest conductive object he or she may contact cannot
come closer to any unguarded, energized overhead line than the following distances:
15.
1.
For voltages to ground 50kV or below - 10 feet
2.
For voltages to ground over 50kV - 10 feet plus 4 inches for every 10kV over 50kV.
When an unqualified person is working on the ground in the vicinity of overhead lines, the
person may not bring any conductive object closer to unguarded, energized overhead lines than
the distances listed above.
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16.
For voltages normally encountered with overhead power line, objects which do not have an
insulating rating for the voltage involved are considered to be conductive.
13-9.2: Vehicular and mechanical equipment
1.
Any vehicle or mechanical equipment capable of having parts of its structure elevated near
energized overhead lines shall be operated so that a clearance of 10 ft is maintained. If the
voltage is higher than 50kV, the clearance shall be increased 4 in. for every 10kV over that
voltage. However, under any of the following conditions, the clearance may be reduced.
2.
If the vehicle is in transit with its structure lowered, the clearance may be reduced to 4 ft. If the
voltage is higher than 50kV, the clearance shall be increased 4 in. for every 10 kV over that
voltage.
If insulating barriers are installed to prevent contact with the lines, and if the
barriers are rated for the voltage of the line being guarded and are not a part of
or an attachment to the vehicle or its raised structure, the clearance may be
reduced to a distance within the designed working dimensions of the insulating
barrier.
13-10: Standard Operating Procedure
13-10.1: Re-energizing Electrical Circuits after Work is Complete
These requirements shall be met, in the order given, before circuits or
equipment are reenergized, even temporarily.
1.
A qualified person shall conduct tests and visual inspections, as necessary, to verify that all tools,
electrical jumpers, shorts, grounds, and other such devices have been removed, so that the
circuits and equipment can be safely energized.
2.
Warn employees exposed to the hazards associated with reenergizing the circuit or equipment
to stay clear of circuits and equipment.
3.
Remove each lock and tag. They shall be removed by the employee who applied it or under his
or her direct supervision. However, if this employee is absent from the workplace, then the lock
or tag may be removed by a qualified supervisor designated to perform this task provided that:
4.
1.
The supervisor ensures that the employee who applied the lock or tag is not available at
the workplace, and
2.
The supervisor ensures that the employee is aware that the lock or tag has been
removed before he or she resumes work at that workplace.
Conduct a visual determination that all employees are clear of the circuits and equipment.
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13-11: Assured Grounding Program
13-11.1: Introduction :
In accordance with the Occupational Safety and Health Act, Vast Construction,
LLC has established an Assured Grounding Program. The Assured Grounding
Program includes all extension cords, receptacles that are not part of the
permanent wiring of the building or structure and all equipment connected by
cord and plug which is available for employee use. The Assured Grounding
Program defines the minimum requirements to assure the installation and
maintenance of equipment grounding conductors in accordance with the
applicable sections of the Nation Electrical Code and 17 CFR Part 914. The
purpose of the Assured Grounding Program is to ensure the proper installation,
maintenance, inspection and testing of equipment grounding conductors to
minimize injuries due to electrical ground faults.
All employees must comply with the following minimum requirements:
1.
All extension cords must be visually inspected daily prior to use.
2.
All equipment connected by an extension cord and plug must be inspected daily prior to use.
3.
When using tools and/or equipment and an incident occurs which can be reasonably suspected
to have caused damage, the tool and/or equipment must be taken out of service and the
incident reported to your supervisor.
4.
Extension cords, tools, equipment and receptacles must be tested and marked periodically. The
marking will be by means of colored tape as indicated on the enclosed color chart.
13-11.2: Proper Installation
Proper installation is as follows:
1.
All 110 volt, single phase, 14 and 10 ampere receptacles shall be of a grounding type.
2.
All 110 volt flexible corsets shall have an equipment grounding conductor.
3.
The exposed non-current carrying metal parts of the 110 volt cord and plug connected tools and
equipment that are likely to become energized shall be grounded.
13-11.3: Visual Inspections
Each cord set and any equipment connected by a cord and plug, except cord
sets and receptacles that are fixed and not exposed to damage, shall be visually
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inspected by the user before each day’s use. Equipment found to be defective
must be taken out of service and cannot be used until properly repaired.
13-11.4: Testing
All equipment grounding conductors shall be tested for continuity & shall be
electrically continuous. 2. Each receptacle & attachment cap or plug shall be
tested for correct attachment of the equipment grounding conductors. The
equipment grounding conductor shall be connected to its proper terminal.
1.
Before each use.
2.
Before equipment is returned to service following any repairs.
3.
Before equipment is used such as when a cord has been run over.
4.
At intervals not to exceed 3 months, except that cord sets & receptacles which are fixed & not
exposed to damage shall be tested at intervals not exceeding 6 months.
Tests performed as required by this program shall be recorded as to the identity
of each receptacle, cord set, & cord & plug connected equipment that passed
the test and shall indicate the last date tested or interval for which is was
tested. This record shall be kept by means of logs, color coding, or other
effective means & shall be maintained until replaced by a more current record.
These records shall be made available at the job site for inspection by the
Assistant Secretary & any affected employees.
13-11.5: Recording
Testing of all receptacles, portable cords and powered equipment shall be
documented by means of color codes using colored tape. The following color
codes shall be used:
MONTH COLOR:
January – White
February – White
April – Green
May – Green
July – Red
August – Red
October – Orange
November – Orange
Repair or Incident Brown
March – White
June – Green
September – Red
December – Orange
13-11.6: Safe Practices
The following safe practices should be followed:
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1.
Extension cords shall be of the 3-wire type.
2.
All temporary wiring shall be grounded in accordance with the National Electrical Code.
3.
All temporary lights shall be protected with guards to prevent contact with the bulb.
4.
Extension cords shall be protected against accidental damage and shall not be fastened with
staples, nails or wire.
5.
The use of electrical cords for hoisting or lowering is strictly prohibited.
13-11.7: Ground-Fault Circuit Interrupters (GFCI)
GFCI requirements are as follows:
1.
All 110 volt, single phase, 14 and 10 ampere receptacles that are not a part of the permanent
wiring of the building or structure and which are in use with equipment shall have approved
Ground-Fault Circuit Interrupters.
2.
The Ground-Fault Circuit Interrupters shall be tested periodically to ensure the GFCI is operating
properly. The test shall be documented.
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Sub-Section # 14: ACCIDENT AND INJURY REPORTING
14-1: Injury Reporting:
All injuries, no matter how minor, must be reported to your supervisor.
14-1.1: First-aid Injuries:
First-aid injuries are to be reported to your supervisor and a first report of injury is
to be completed on each first-aid injury.
14-1.2: OSHA Recordable Injuries:
The following guidelines should be followed when an OSHA recordable injury
occurs:
1.
OSHA recordable injuries are to be reported to your supervisor.
2.
First Report of Injury is to be completed on each OSHA RECORDABLE INJURY.
3.
A Supervisor’s Report of Injury is to be completed by the supervisor.
4.
The First Report of Injury and the Supervisor’s Report of Injury are to be forwarded to the WCFS
Safety Department and the client as soon as possible.
5.
Each OSHA recordable injury is to be entered on the OSHA 300 Log (summary of Occupational
Injuries and Illnesses).
6.
In the event of an injury requiring off-site medical attention, the Vast Construction, LLC
Corporate Office, the Vast Construction, LLC Safety Department and the client representative is
to be notified as soon as possible.
14-1.3: Lost Time Injuries:
The following guidelines should be followed when a lost-time injury occurs:
1.
Lost-time injuries are to be reported to your supervisor.
2.
A First Report of Injury is to be completed on each lost-time injury.
3.
A Supervisor’s Report of Injury is to be completed by the supervisor.
1.
The Vast Construction, LLC Corporate Office, the Vast Construction, LLC Safety Department and
the client are to be notified as soon as possible.
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2.
Copies of the First Report of Injury and the Supervisor’s Report of Injury are to be forwarded to
the Vast Construction LLC.’s Corporate Office, the Vast Construction , Safety Department and
the client as soon as possible.
3.
Each OSHA recordable injury is to be entered on the OSHA 300 Log (Summary of Occupational
Injuries and Illnesses).
4.
In cases which require medical attention at a doctor’s office or a hospital, the injured employee
is to be transported to the doctor’s office or hospital by the supervisor or an employee
designated by the supervisor.
5.
In the event of an injury requiring off-site medical attention, the Vast Construction, LLC
Corporate Office, the Vast Construction, LLC. Safety Department and the client representative is
to be notified as soon as possible.
6.
In the event of a lost-time injury, the supervisor is to contact the injured employee at least once
a week to check on the employee’s progress and to update the status of the injury.
7.
A written report is to be prepared and forwarded to the Vast Construction, LLC. Corporate Office
and the Vast Construction, LLC. Safety Department.
8.
When the injured employee returns to work, a Return to Work Report is to be completed and
copies forwarded to the Vast Construction, LLC. Corporate Office, the Vast Construction, LLC
Safety department
14-1.4: Fatality
In the event of a fatality, the Vast Construction, LLC. Corporate Office, the Vast
Construction, LLC. Safety Department and the client are to be notified
immediately. These groups will coordinate all subsequent decisions.
14-1.5: Vehicle Accidents
The following guidelines should be followed when a vehicle accident occurs:
1.
All vehicle accidents must be reported to your supervisor.
2.
A Vehicle Accident Report form must be completed.
3.
Copies of the Vehicle Accident Report are to be forwarded to the Vast Construction, LLC.
Corporate Office, and the Vast Construction, LLC. Safety Department.
4.
A copy of the Vehicle Accident Report is to be forwarded to the client when the accident
happens on the client’s property.
14-2: Accident Investigation
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14-2.1: Purpose:
The purpose of accident investigation is as follows:
1.
To establish a procedure for investigating all site accidents resulting in a recordable or possible
lost-time injuries, illnesses or property damages.
2.
To establish a procedure for investigating incidents where the potential for serious injury,
illness, costly damage or production interruption exists.
14-2.2: Procedure
The investigation shall be conducted to the extent deemed necessary by the
Safety Manager.
1.
The investigation shall begin as soon after the accident as possible and at least by the day after
the accident. The passage of time delays preventive action and causes the facts to become
colored, dimmed and erased. The Safety Engineer shall be responsible for the following:
1.
Record the date, time, location of the accident and names of injured persons.
2.
The accident scene shall be barricaded until all investigations are completed. The only
disturbances to the accident scene shall be those necessary to prevent further injury
and damage.
3.
Photographs of the scene shall be made on the same day of the accident or immediately
thereafter. Polaroid photographs shall be taken initially if possible. Thirty-five millimeter
or larger black and white photographs shall be taken when possible and time permits.
Photographs shall be taken from all angles including the adjacent environment if
contributory to the accident.
4.
The injured shall be questioned as early as possible. Their immediate contribution is
most important, especially if there are not other witnesses.
5.
Witnesses shall be questioned on what they saw and heard, and where they were at the
time of the accident.
6.
Accurate measurement shall be made of sizes, weights and distances of accidentrelated factors. .
7.
The adequacy of lighting, orderliness of work area, possible adjacent distractions and
unusual weather conditions including temperature, wind and precipitation shall be
noted.
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8.
The victim’s age, sex, experience, length of employment, craft, injury record, social
security number and home address shall be obtained. The following personal factors
should be noted and verified:
1.
Attitude
2.
Skill
3.
Knowledge
4.
Reaction Rate
5.
Agility
6.
Strength
7.
Fatigue factor at the time of accident
9.
Supervisors of crafts involved in the accident
10.
General Foreman and foreman in charge of the work
11.
Pertinent witnesses to the accident
2.
The Safety Manager shall be responsible for the preparation of labeled and dated photographs,
prints and sketches. Written schedules, instructions and diagrams pertaining to the work being
performed.
3.
Investigations by non-company personnel (Federal, State, City, Owner, Insurance) who are
legally empowered to investigate accidents shall be permitted to do so, but in the company of a
Project Representative. (Project Manager or a member of the Safety Department)
4.
All comments or releases from employees to the public will be cleared through the President or
Vice-President who shall secure any necessary clearances or approval.
5.
The accident/incident tracking will be maintained on all reports and the outcome of the findings
will be logged as complete or open at the bottom of the report. If the findings are till open, then
the report will be reviewed once a week until there is closure on the incident. This information
will be held in the open incident file found in the Safety office.
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Sub-Section # 15: PERMIT REQUIREMENTS
15-1: Permits:
Permits are required before beginning any work. Due to the number of facilities
that we operate in, this is a general overview of the permit procedure. Specific
procedures required by various facilities will be reviewed with appropriate
personnel before beginning work in that facility. Although permits may have
different names by virtue of the issuing facility, they are in general:
1.
Safe Work Permit
2.
Hot Work Permit
3.
Confined Space Entry Permit
4.
Excavation Permit
These permits may be combined on one form or required in combination with
each other (i.e. safe work and confined space entry). Before proceeding with
any work, make sure that it is covered under the permit in effect at that time.
Additional permits may be required during the course of one job. The
designated competent person in charge of the work site should obtain permits.
The contents of the permit/permits should be reviewed with all personnel
during the pre-job safety meeting. See also Vast Construction, LLC. general
safety policy on permits 1-10 and confined space entry 9-3.
15-2: Competent Person Designation:
A competent person is one, who because of training and experience:
1.
Is capable of identifying existing or potential hazards in the job being performed.
2.
Is capable of identifying working conditions that are unsanitary, hazardous, or dangerous to the
safety and health of the employee.
3.
Has the authorization to take prompt corrective measures to eliminate the above conditions.
15-3: Designating the Competent Person:
The management or field superintendent, in conjunction with the Safety
Department, designates the competent person by the following:
1.
Evaluates his or her performance
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2.
Ensures that a competent person is available for a required activity.
15-4: Qualifications:
The designated competent person must have an immediate knowledge of the
subject, either by years of experience in the designated field, formal education
or specialized training in the following:
1.
Job or activity being performed
2.
Current operations
3.
Technology and controls
4.
Potential hazards
5.
Safety and health standards
15-5: Responsibilities:
The competent person is responsible for complying with required inspections,
testing, repairs, machinery and equipment maintenance, and aiding with the
Safety Department in the enforcement of the health and safety standards
including such area as:
1.
Confine Space Entry
2.
Assured Grounding Program
3.
Distinct Types and Permit Requirements
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Sub-Section # 16: PROCESS SAFETY MANAGEMENT
16-1: Overview of process safety management:
This section contains information regarding 29 CFR 1910.119 Process safety
management of highly hazardous chemicals as it pertains to contractors. This
information must be coordinated with the specific area of work involved with the
assigned task. The refinery you are working at is responsible for performing a job hazard
analysis on processes covered by this standard. The hazard analysis shall identify,
evaluate, and control the hazards involved in the process. All employees and contract
employees will be instructed in the processes involving these hazards before the start of
any job.
16-1.1: Training:
1.
All Vast Construction employees will be trained and tested on their assigned work duties and
documented. Records will be maintained in the safety office.
2.
All job assignments will be explained to employees along with associated hazards such as
explosion, potential fire or toxic release and how to follow the emergency action plan.
3.
All employees, and subcontract employees, will begin every job with a JSA/STA (Job safety
analysis/ Safety task assignment) and a review of the MSDS. Review of this will be repeated as
necessary to ensure safe completion of task. Minimum required topics of JSA/STA are as follows.
1.
Name, social security no., signature of all employees in attendance
2.
Known potential fire, explosion, or toxic release hazards related to his/her job
3.
Applicable provisions of the emergency action plan.
4.
Chemical hazards/MSDS
5.
Required personal protective equipment
6.
Type/types of permits required
7.
Applicable policy concerning confined space entry, respiratory protection, fall protection, etc.
The JSA/STA should be covered as part of the toolbox safety meeting before
start of every job. All job assignments should be explained to employees along
with associated hazards. The supervisor should ensure that each employee, or
subcontractor employee, understands the task required and the associated
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hazards before the job begins and that all safety procedures company and client
will be followed.
8.
All employees and subcontractors will be sent to ISTC and instructed on site specifics on all
process facilities in which they will perform work. After reaching the job site a competent Vast
Construction, LLC person will request a work permit from the proper facility department before
beginning work. At the time the permit is received the competent person will ask if there are
any additional process requirements for that particular unit that should be noted and covered
on the JSA before work begins. At all times while performing work in a process facility all OSHA,
STATE, FEDERAL and PROCESS FACILITY safety rules will be followed.
16-1.2: Reporting Near Misses or Incidents:
1.
All employees must report all near misses, incidents or injuries (no matter how small) to their
supervisor, foreman, or safety department immediately. Vast Construction supervision will
contact client immediately. An investigation will start within 48 hours of the incdent.
2.
Findings of the investigation will be shared with all employees at the first safety meeting
following the completed investigation. Corrections and resolutions will be maintained and kept
on file for 5 years.
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Sub-Section # 17: PROCESS SAFETY MANAGEMENT OF HIGHLY HAZARDOUS CHEMICALS
It is our intention at Vast Construction, LLC to inform all our employees and
subcontractors of inherent hazards present in the workplace. Many times this is
accomplished during the orientation at each of our client’s facilities. The information,
which must be presented in the training, is regarding the fire, explosion, and toxic
release hazards. Also a simplified version of the chemical process may be shown in a
flow chart to explain the initial areas of the process in the operation of a facility. By
knowing where the potential areas for fire, explosion, and toxic release are, all
personnel are aware of the dangers of the place in which they work.
The typical dangers of a PCCI worksite are compressed gasses, flammable gasses – such
as acetylene, propylene, gasoline, diesel, and propane. These and other chemicals shall
be discussed during the onsite hazard communication and process safety management
training. Each employee shall sign a training register, which will be included in his or her
file onsite and at the home office.
17-1: Reporting Near Misses or Incidents:
All employees must report all near misses, incidents or injuries (no matter how small) to
their supervisor, foreman, or safety department as soon as possible.
17-2: Trade Secret Information:
It is the policy of Vast Construction, LLC, its Employees, and Subcontractors to respect
the confidence of our customer(s) and vendors. They have entrusted us to keep their
trade secret information which will be protected with all due respect.
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Sub-Section # 18: EMERGENCY ACTION PLAN
18-1: Purpose:
The purpose of this policy is to make available guidelines that may save lives, reduce
environmental impact and preserve physical assets. These programs must also provide
contingencies and solutions for all non-routine or special procedures that may arise
during operations both at our facilities and on site.
18-2: Scope:
These programs and policies shall include, at a minimum, emergency aide, proper
notification, documentation and review, and training. Procedures shall be made in
accordance to all regulations, prerequisites and laws. Methods that may help avoid and
prevent contingencies from arising shall be persistent throughout all phases of
development and applications of this program.
18-3: Application:
The application of these programs/policies is as follows:
1.
Accidents/Incidents with injury or potential of injury to personnel, vendors, visitors or client
personnel.
2.
Spill/Release
3.
Fire/Flood/Natural Disaster
4.
Theft/Vandalism/Terrorist threat
5.
Vehicle/Equipment Accident or malfunction
6.
Confined Space
7.
Lockout/Tagout
18-4: Standard Guideline:
The standard guideline is as follows:
1.
Pre-Planning/Pre-Job Checklist
1.
Spill Cart/Box
2.
Site Lay-out and Procedures
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2.
3.
3.
Lines of Authority/Communications
4.
Critique of Response/Hazard Evaluation
Spill Response
1.
Site Security and Control
2.
Containment
3.
Notification/Alert/Alarm
4.
Decontamination Zone
Emergency Support Team/Equipment .
1.
Material Handling/Storage Packages
2.
Spill Cause Re-evaluations
18-5: Statement of Responsibility:
The following are statements of responsibility:
1.
Vast Construction, LLC has developed and implemented special operating procedures which its
personnel will utilize during spill/release while on site. These procedures will, at a minimum,
allow for proper contingency plans to be initiated as directed per site critique.
2.
Vast Construction, LLC personnel will respond to any emergencies within the scope of our
job/site in respect with our responsibilities to the facility, community and environment.
3.
Vast Construction, LLC. endeavors to prevent spills and releases due to our equipment, process
and procedures through approved engineering and training techniques. We will respond to
emergency or accidental spills/releases due to these with the best of our abilities.
4.
Vast Construction, LLC will have on site spill response equipment and trained personnel with
which any contingency might be initiated without delay and with respect to the safety of its
personnel, equipment and the environment.
18-6: Spill/Release:
The person who discovers any material spill or release shall follow these guidelines to
insure proper protocol is observed. Identify material (educated guess) as hazardous or
non-hazardous.
NOTE: WHEN IN DOUBT, EVACUATE AND ALERT
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1.
Non-Hazardous Material
1.
Identify source of spill if possible without endangerment and restrict continued release.
2.
Control/Secure Site
3.
Advise site supervision.
4.
Report all data (spill material, amount, source, location, etc).
5.
Continue response if directed.
6.
Contain material with pre-approved products/procedures.
7.
Remove material and dispose as directed.
NOTE: SOME HAZARDOUS MATERIAL SPILLS MIGHT BE HANDLED IN THIS
MANNER IF THE SEVERITY OR VOLUME IS DETERMINED TO BE WITHIN SAFETY
PERIMETERS.
2.
Hazardous Material
1.
Identify type of hazard (toxic, flammable, reactive or corrosive).
2.
Set up site control zones (a.k.a. barricade, direct traffic, evacuate, etc.).
3.
Alert site supervision and/or site as hazard dictates.
4.
Communicate data and assist as directed.
5.
Continue as directed
6.
Select proper protective equipment and procedures as dictated by hazards.
7.
Contain material.
8.
Identify cause and restrict.
9.
Illuminate hazard if possible (for example- neutralize).
10.
Dispose of, using proper method.
11.
Decontaminate equipment, site and personnel
12.
Document complete procedure.
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13.
Evaluate spill response; safety procedures and equipment, personnel (both medical and
training) and support procedures and personnel.
18-7: Fire/Explosion:
There is no set rule for responding to a fire or explosion as each cause develops
differentially. Many factors must be fully evaluated and understood before an efficient
response can be initiated. Such factors are:
1.
Material
2.
Proximity
3.
Wind
4.
Cause
These guidelines and protocols may help reduce the chances of injury and extensive
property damage; but the best response can only evolve when trained personnel use
prudent judgment and common sense. This facility is equipped with response
equipment that has been placed near potential hazard zones. The major percentage of
these are a type A/B/C dry chemical. The exact size, type and locations are listed below:
1.
A/B/C 5 lb. Main Office – above Copier
2.
CO2 10 lb. Safety Office – outside Supply Room
3.
A/B/C 14 lb. Time Clock room
4.
A/B/C 14lb. Door through to barn from Wash Area
5.
A/B/C 10 lb. Under Work Bench with Grinder
6.
A/B/C 14 lb. Door through to barn from flammable Storage Area
Note: On all units and in/on all trucks is a A/B/C, 5lb. Outside the back wash area wall
is the water faucet and hoses. The main office breaker panel is on the wall out back,
near the trailer. The shop breaker panel is on the south wall, near the grinder. Our
phones are 911 accessible.
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Sub-Section # 19: FIRST AID / CPR
Vast Construction, LLC is concerned for the health of all its employees. Company rules state that
all employees report any work related injury or illness. Employees may be required to attend a
company appointed physician for examination of company related medical problems.
19-1: FIRST AID:
The company’s first aid program provides for:
1.
The emergency care procedures for employees with injuries including transport.
2.
A trained first aid person will be provided at each job site.
3.
A medical first aid kit will be located out side of the Safety Managers wall.
4.
A medical first aid kit will be located at each site and notice of its location conspicuously posted.
The kit will contain necessary materials and supplies for job site hazard exposures. The on site
supervisor will be responsible for maintaining and restocking as needed.
5.
The on site supervisor will make provisions for the posting of emergency telephone numbers.
6.
The site supervisor will be responsible for notifying client representative of medical
emergencies.
When working in facilities or on locations where monitoring of employees is required by
the client and/or government agencies; employees will be subject to medical
surveillance examinations.
19-2: Medical Records:
The company will keep medical records in strict confidence. Request for information on
employees must be made through management. NO information in violation of federal,
state, or local laws will be released. Clients will be expected to warn of known hazards
and asked to provide information on the hazard(s). The site supervisor will be
responsible for the coordination of medical surveillance with client’s representative. The
company currently monitors for the following hazards to its employees on a needed by
assignment basis:
1.
Respiratory
2.
Hearing
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3.
Blood Contamination
Monitoring for other hazards will be included if specified by clients. Site supervisors are
responsible for the completing of first aid forms.
19-3: Blood-borne Diseases:
Employees who may be subject to blood borne diseases when helping fellow employees
should remember to use caution to protect themselves. Long-term effects of blood
carried diseases require special attention.
Exposure groups are: Supervisors, first responders, and first aid responders.
19-4: Drenching & Flushing:
1.
Identify and locate eyewash and/or showers prior to job commencement.
2.
In the event of contact with hazardous materials the employee is to proceed immediately to the
nearest available safety shower and remain there for 15 minutes or until medical assistance
arrives.
3.
In the event of foreign materials entering the face or eyes employee shall flush immediately for
15 minutes and send for medical assistance immediately.
19-5: Exposure Controls:
1.
Engineering Facilities at jobsites will include disinfecting locations. If soap and water are not
available then first aid kits will include disinfectants.
2.
Job Function Trained personnel will wear protective clothing such as protective gloves when
performing their tasks. All clothing and equipment in contact with body fluids will be considered
contaminated and treated immediately. The accident scene will be barricaded off to prevent
unnecessary employee exposure. Where contamination of equipment or broken objects exists,
cleanup must be accomplished before normal work operations resume.
3.
Treatment of Injured Procedures may vary from site to site, but generally the following is
accepted practice.
1.
Notify your supervisor – give location, description of injury, equipment needed for
rescue, and number injured.
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2.
Supervisor – notify rescue team, dispatch guide to injury site for EMS, notify client,
provide emergency first aid and direct rescue until relieved. Provide personal
information on injured.
19-6: Reporting & Recordkeeping:
All incidents involving contact of an employee’s skin or mucous membrane with another
person’s body fluid must be reported to the site supervisor. The supervisor, the
employee immediately scheduled for medical evaluation with the consent of the
employee, will complete a report of exposure. The company will maintain the record of
exposure in a confidential file. The source individual will be contacted as soon as
possible following the exposure and, subject to the individual’s consent, will be
scheduled for a blood test. Files on exposures must be kept confidential for a period not
less than the term of employment plus (30) thirty years.
19-7: Job Safety Analysis:
Job Safety Analysis shall be performed before commencement of all projects. Which
must include but not be limited to the following:
1.
Hazards
2.
Recommendations
3.
Available Medical and First Aid
4.
Doctors / Hospitals names and phone numbers.
19-8: First Aid Kit:
The first aid kit will be located in the safety office on site. It will be in a weather proof
container and only items in seal packages will be allowed in the first aid kit. Each kit
should have in at a minimum of:
1.
G-155: 3/4"x3" Adhesive plastic bandages, 100/bx
2.
(1) G-121: 1"x3" Fabric bandages, 50/bx
3.
(1) G-140: 25 Knuckle & 25 fingertip fabric bandages, 50/bx
4.
(2) 2"x4.1 yd. Conforming gauze roll bandages
5.
(1) 3"x4.1 yd. Conforming gauze roll bandage
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6.
(1) B-518: Triangular sling/bandage, 1/bx
7.
(1) M-701-F: Eye wash, 4 oz.
8.
(1) A-200: Sterile eye pads, 2/bx
9.
(1) I-228: 24 - 2"x2", 24 - 3"x3" Gauze dressing pads, 48/bx
10.
(1) B-503: 4"x5" Instant cold compress, 1/bx
11.
(1) G-409: Aspirin tablets, (25) 2-pks
12.
(1) G-425: Extra-strength pain reliever, (25) 2-pks
13.
(2) A-340: Alcohol cleansing pads, 10/bx
14.
(1) B-304: Antiseptic cleansing wipes (sting free), 18/bx
15.
(1) A-403: Triple antibiotic ointment packs, 10/bx
16.
(2) A-500: Exam quality gloves, 1 pr/bx
17.
(1) M-582: 4-1/2" Scissors, nickel plated
18.
(1) M-584: 4" Tweezers, plastic
19.
(1) M-660: 2"x5 yd. 3-Cut first aid tape
20.
(1) M-531: Burn spray, 3 oz.
21.
(1) BK-009: 96 pg. AMA First Aid Guide booklet
22.
(1) BK-2001: First aid product catalog
This kit will be inventoried before it is sent to the job location and will be inventoried no
less than weekly so the depleted supplies can be replaced.
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19-9: FIRST AID LOG
CASE NO.______________________________________DATE:__________________
NAME: ___________________________________DEPT: _______________________
OCCUPATION: ____________________________SUPERVISOR: _______________
DATE OF OCCURRENCE___________________TIME__________________________AM/PM
DATE TREATED__________________________TIME________________________AM/PM
NATURE OF ILLNESS/INJURY: ____________________________________________________________
____________________________________________________________________________________
____________________________________________________________________________________
TREATMENT GIVEN: ___________________________________________________________________
____________________________________________________________________________________
____________________________________________________________________________________
SENT: _____ BACK TO WORK _____ TO DOCTOR _____ HOME _____ HOSPITAL
ESTIMATED LOST WORK DAYS: _____ AWAY FROM WORK _____ RESTRICTED WORK ACTIVITY
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19-10: FIRST AID/CPR
Vast Construction, LLC. shall provide first aid and CPR training on a regular basis to its
supervisory staff. The Local American Red Cross chapter will conduct this training, or any
other local agency qualified to render such training. This training will be provided at no
cost to the employees and given annually thereafter.
First Aid / CPR:
1.
Report all on the job accidents and injuries to your supervisor immediately.
2.
Your supervisor will insure that you get first aid treatment and should the injury require it,
transportation will be provided so that professional medical care can be given.
3.
If there are more than twenty employees per shift a certified medical technician shall be
available at jobsite or within three minutes travel time from jobsite according to CFR 1923.50.
19-11: MEDICAL EMERGENCIES:
In the case of medical emergencies, the response is dictated by the situation. The
following guidelines are to be used by employees when responding to a medical
emergency:
1.
Know your limitations (summon help immediately if possible).
2.
Never endanger yourself (if you are injured who will summon help).
3.
If the victim is not where they can be reached without danger to you then notify your
supervisor, emergency medical response unit, or dial 911. Explain to the emergency operator
the situation and what may be needed to rescue the victim.
4.
Do not move the patient unless there is danger to yourself or the victim.
5.
Moving the victim may cause further injury or death.
6.
When attending the victim check for responsiveness.
7.
If they are conscious, ask what is wrong.
8.
If they are unconscious check for breathing, use CPR only if you are trained.
9.
If bleeding is present, use direct pressure to stop the bleeding. Remember to protect yourself
from blood borne diseases. Use a clean towel, shirt or rag to apply pressure. If it becomes blood
soaked do not remove, instead add more covering and continue pressure.
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10.
Remember to summon aid as soon as possible.
11.
Stay or have someone stay with the victim, if possible.
12.
At remote locations, have someone direct emergency personnel to the site.
13.
If time permits, check patient for any medical alert information and give all information you
have to the emergency personnel if asked.
14.
Stay calm.
15.
Reassure the victim.
16.
Be prepared to give an account of the incident to your supervisor.
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Sub-Section # 20: SCAFFOLD USER PROGRAM
20-1: Purpose:
Vast Construction, LLC’s Scaffold Program is a program designed to provide employees
and sub-contractors working for the company information about potential hazards
when working on are around scaffolding.
20-2: Training:
Affected employees will receive training on the particular types of scaffolds which they
are to use by a qualified trainer. Training should focus on proper erection, handling, use,
inspection, and care of the scaffolds. Training must also include the installation of fall
protection, guardrails, and the proper use and care of fall arrest equipment. This
training should be done upon initial job assignment. Retraining shall be done when job
conditions change. Periodic refresher training shall be done at the discretion of the
supervisor.
20-3: Scaffold Types
There are a number of different types of scaffolds available. No attempt will be made
here to deal with every unit individually. It is important, however, to note some of the
general requirements which apply to all scaffolds, namely:
1.
All scaffolds to be inspected before use by a competent person and during use. Employees must
inspect scaffold before using.
2.
The footing or anchorage for scaffolds shall be sound, rigid and capable of carrying the
maximum intended load without settling or displacement. Unstable objects, such as barrels,
boxes, loose brick, or concrete blocks shall not be used to support scaffolds or planks.
3.
Scaffolds and their components shall be capable of supporting at least four times the maximum
intended load.
4.
Scaffolds shall be maintained in a safe condition and shall not be altered or moved horizontally
while they are in use or occupied.
5.
Damaged or weakened scaffolds shall be immediately repaired and shall not be used until
repairs have been completed.
6.
A safe means must be provided to gain access to the working platform level through the use of a
ladder, ramp, etc.
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7.
Overhead protection must be provided for personnel on a scaffold exposed to overhead
hazards.
8.
Guardrails, mid-rails, and toe-boards must be installed on all open sides and ends of platforms
more than 10 feet above the ground or floor. Wire mesh must be installed between the toeboard and the guardrail along the entire opening, where persons are required to work or pass
under the scaffolds.
9.
Employees shall not work on scaffolds during storms or high winds or when covered with ice or
snow.
10.
A competent employee will tag the condition of the scaffold as to its condition for use. ( red no
use, yellow caution, green good to go) MANUALLY PROPELLED MOBILE LADDER STANDS AND
SCAFFOLDS (TOWERS) The OSHA Standard contains requirements for the design, construction,
and use of mobile work platforms (including ladder stands but not including aerial ladders) and
rolling (mobile) scaffolds (towers). As in the previous section, there is a wide variety of materials
and design possibilities. There are a number of different types of scaffolds available. No attempt
will be made here to deal with every unit individually. It is important, however, to note some of
the general requirements which apply to all scaffolds, namely:
1.
The footing or anchorage for scaffolds shall be sound, rigid and capable of carrying the
maximum intended load without settling or displacement. Unstable objects, such as
barrels, boxes, loose brick, or concrete blocks shall not be used to support scaffolds or
planks.
11.
Scaffolds and their components shall be capable of supporting at least four times the maximum
intended load.
12.
Scaffolds shall be maintained in a safe condition and shall not be altered or moved horizontally
while they are in use or occupied.
13.
Damaged or weakened scaffolds shall be immediately repaired and shall not be used until
repairs have been completed.
14.
A safe means must be provided to gain access to the working platform level through the use of a
ladder, ramp, etc.
15.
Overhead protection must be provided for personnel on a scaffold exposed to overhead
hazards.
16.
Guardrails, mid-rails, and toe-boards must be installed on all open sides and ends of platforms
more than 10 feet above the ground or floor. Wire mesh must be installed between the toeboard and the guardrail along the entire opening, where persons are required to work or pass
under the scaffolds.
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17.
Employees shall not work on scaffolds during storms or high winds or when covered with ice or
snow.
18.
As noted earlier, there are a number of scaffold types, and 1910.28 should be reviewed carefully
for special requirements that apply to each type.
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Sub-Section #21: SUBSTANCE ABUSE POLICY
Possession and use of Alcohol, Drugs and Contraband Search/Testing of Employees
21-1: Intent:
The intention of this policy is to promote the safety of Company employees and others
by controlling the possession and use of alcohol, illegal drugs and other contraband; and
outlining the procedures for enforcement.
21-2: Scope:
The scope of this policy is applicable to Vast Construction and all future companies it
may own or control. A complete copy of the policy may be viewed in the safety office at
any time.
21-3: Policy:
It is the policy of Vast Construction, LLC that alcoholic beverages, marijuana, cocaine
and other Prohibited Substances will not be allowed on Vast Construction property or
in the possession of its employees at any time. CFS employees shall not sell, transfer,
possess, use, swallow, inhale, inject or otherwise ingest alcohol or Prohibited
Substances or possess paraphernalia for the use of Prohibited Substances either at work
or at company sponsored events. CFS employees shall not be under the influence of
Prohibited substances or shall not have a detectable amount of substances in the
employees body system while at work. Employees that are under the influence (alcohol,
marijuana, etc.) while working are a danger to themselves and others, and as a result be
subject to termination.
1.
2.
Exceptions:
1.
Only prescription drugs prescribed for the employee by a licensed physician or dentist
or drugs legally sold “over the counter” (OTC) will be permitted. The use of OTC drugs at
a dosage different than recommended by the manufacturer or for a purpose other than
intended will not be tolerated.
2.
The use of alcoholic beverages during meals by personnel while entertaining customers
of prospective companies provided, however, such employees and guests shall not
become intoxicated. Any employee or guest who does become intoxicated, should not
drive and other accommodations shall be made for them.
Customer Policies:
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3.
1.
Vast Construction employees will comply with the customer policies and procedures
concerning Prohibited Substances and related paraphernalia including search and
testing provisions.
2.
Any company employee who refuses in any way to adhere to customers’ policy will be
denied access to customer’s property.
Employee Notification and Agreement
1.
All CFS employees will sign a copy of this policy acknowledging that the employee has
read and understands this Policy, and as a condition of employment agrees to comply
with this Policy. The following are test conditions:
1.
Pre-employment
2.
Reasonable cause,
3.
Post incident/accident
4.
Random
5.
Return to duty
6.
Follow-up
2.
Also acknowledging consent to search and testing provisions contained therein.
3.
A copy of the signed agreement shall be retained by Vast Construction in each personnel
record and a copy will be provided to the employee.
Enforcement:
1.
All company managers and supervisors will be alert for signs of alcohol or other Prohibited
Substance Abuse including :
1.
Dilated pupils
2.
Erratic movements
3.
Aggressive behavior
4.
Sleepiness
5.
Other abnormal activity
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6.
Employees suspected of being under the influence of Prohibited Substances should be
investigated by the management. Their observation of the employee’s condition will be
documented.
7.
Employees under the influence of Prohibited Substances will be instructed to leave the
Company or customer premises and disciplinary action will be taken. The employee will not be
allowed to drive himself home.
8.
Vast Construction will conduct unannounced, random searches at its offices, shops and facilities
(including vehicles) in order to locate and remove Prohibited Substances. Employees will be
tested as necessary to comply with contractual obligations.
9.
Random searches will be carried out by Company personnel and/or security agencies hired by
the Company. Local Law Enforcement officers and drug detection dogs may participate in those
searches.
10.
Employees’ property, including their personal belongings and vehicles, shall be subject to search
by the Company while on company property or company jobsites.
11.
Vast Construction will require applicants for employment to submit to testing for Prohibited
Substances in the body system, by obtaining samples and the scientific analysis of biological
specimens such as urine and blood. Such testing may be conducted at random, unannounced
times, when accidents or near accidents occur, and when employees return to work following
drug and/or alcohol rehabilitation programs.
Specimen Collection and Analysis:
1.
The following standards for Specimen Collection will apply:
1.
Written consent will be obtained from the specimen donor at the collection point. The
chain of custody of the specimen will be initiated and maintained from the moment of
collection until final disposal.
2.
No physical testing will be allowed on the sample collection container at the collection
point, (e.g. thermometer, litmus paper) and every reasonable effort will be made to
prevent contamination from any source.
3.
After the donor has voided into the container, the container will be capped, evidence
tape placed over the cap, and the donor will sign or initial the tape and the container’s
label. Breath specimens will be collected in reason to believe and/or post-accident
situations when alcohol use is suspected. Breath specimens will be analyzed at the
collection point by a person trained in the administration of breath tests. A positive
breath test will result in the tested person to be transported immediately to a medical
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facility for the collection of a blood specimen so that a blood alcohol concentration
(BAC) test can be conducted to confirm the positive breath test.
2.
The following standards for Urine Specimen Analysis will apply:
1.
The selected laboratory must be licensed and be certified by the National Drug Institute
on Drug Abuse (NIDA).
2.
The laboratory must be capable of providing case documentation and qualified expert
witness for presentation of technical testimony at administrative and judicial
proceedings.
3.
The laboratory must be able to verbally report results of negative tests within 22 hours
of the receipt of specimens; presumptive positive tests within 72 hours. Written reports
must be able to be delivered within 5 working days of verbally reported results.
4.
The laboratory must be able to retain in protected storage any specimens that may be
required at a later time.
5.
The laboratory must use analytical procedures that are capable of reliably and
accurately detecting the major classes of drugs of abuse or their metabolites.
6.
Each urine specimen will at least be tested for the following drugs and will be reported
positive when the number of nanogram per milliliter equal or exceed the indicated
cutoff level: Enzyme Immunoassay.
7.
8.
DRUG CLASS AND/OR RADIOAIMUNOASSAY GC/MS/ALCOHOL
Cannabinoids 20ng/ml 10 ng/ml
Cocaine 300 ng/ml 150 ng/ml
Opiates 300 ng/ml 300 ng/ml
Amphetamines 1000 ng/ml 500 ng/ml
Barbiturates 300 ng/ml 300 ng/ml
Benzodiazepines 300 ng/ml 300 ng/ml
Phencyclidine (PCP) 25 ng/ml 25 ng/ml
Methadone 300 ng/ml 300 ng/ml
Methaqualone 300 ng/ml 200 ng/ml
Propoxyphene 300 ng/ml 300 ng/ml
Alcohol .04 % .04% blood alcohol
Specimen will be preliminarily tested using an enzyme immunoassay and/or radio
immunoassay. All presumptive positive on the preliminary tests will be further tested
using GC/MS.
All positive specimens must be maintained by the laboratory in a frozen state for a 12month period or longer if required.
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9.
3.
Random testing will be done on 50% of the employees listed in the random pool each
calendar year. DOT testing will be done in accordance with current USDOT
requirements.
The following standards for Confidentiality will apply:
1.
Strict confidentiality of test results in order to protect the privacy of the tested person
will be maintained.
2.
Written notification of a drug test with positive results will be forwarded to the
Operations Manager, in a sealed envelope, marked confidential.
3.
An employee who receives results which are positive will be privately counseled by Vast
Construction, LLC. management.
4.
Education and Training will be provided to supervisors and employees regarding the adverse
consequences of substance abuse on job safety and employee health.
5.
Disciplinary Action will be as follows:
1.
Employees violating this policy may be immediately dismissed (may reapply for position
in 6 months) from the employment of the company. Lesser disciplinary action ( 3 weeks
off and rehabilitation support) measures may be taken if Company Management feels
they are appropriate.
2.
Supervisors shall report violations of this policy, in writing, to the President of the
Company.
3.
Company Management may report violation to the appropriate local law enforcement
authorities depending on the severity of the offense and the requirements of applicable
law. The Company shall fully cooperate in any action the authorities may take in
connection with a reported violation.
The following Definitions will apply:
1.
The Company is Vast Construction, LLC or Management of Vast Construction, LLC
2.
Contraband means all objects and materials, which are banned or prohibited by law, by the
company or customers of the company.
3.
Under the Influence means not having the normal use of mental or physical faculties by reason
of the introduction of prohibited substances and/or any other drug into the body.
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4.
Confirmed Positive Results means a laboratory conclusion that a specimen was found to contain
the presence of a drug based on two or more analytical procedures which did include gas
chromatography/mass spectrometry. (GC/MS)
5.
Reason to Believe means a belief that the actions or appearance or conduct of a person are
indicative of the use of an illegal drug or alcohol. Such a belief is based on objective, articulate
facts. A reason to believe situation is any situation in which an employee’s job performance is in
conflict with established job standards relating to safety and efficiency. The terms include, but
are not limited to accidents, near miss accidents, erratic conduct suggestive of drug or alcohol
use, any unsafe performance behavior, and unexplained deviations from normal behavior
and/or productivity.
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21-4: SUBSTANCE ABUSE POLICY
EMPLOYEE SIGN SHEET
I acknowledge that I have read and understand the Vast Construction, LLC Substance Abuse Policy, that I
understand compliance with such Policy is a condition of employment, and I hereby consent and agree
to the search and testing provisions contained therein, including but not limited to, the search of my
person and property and submission to testing prior to entry or while on Company or Customer’s
property or property under the care, custody or control of the Company or its Customers and the
release of result information to customer. I further understand and agree that my employment may be
immediately terminated or I may be subject to other disciplinary actions by the Company in the event I
violate any provision of the Policy, including but not limited to, my refusal to submit to search of my
person and property and/or to testing for Prohibited Substances.
EMPLOYEE SIGNATURE: ______________________________________________________________
PRINTED NAME OF EMPLOYEE: _________________________________________________________
DATE: _____________________________________
WITNESS SIGNATURE: ________________________________________________________________
PRINTED NAME OF WITNESS: __________________________________________________________
DATE: _____________________________________
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Sub-Section #22: BLOOD-BORNE PATHOGEN PROGRAM
22-1: Purpose:
This infection control plan complies with OSHA requirement, 17 CFR 1910.1018, Blood
Borne Pathogens. The plan includes requirements for personal protective equipment,
housekeeping, training, and a procedure for reporting exposures. A copy of this program
will be posted and given to each employee.
22-2: Responsibilities:
1.
The Company Safety Department will conduct the Blood borne Pathogen Program and maintain
records of training and inspections for this program.
2.
Management will ensure proper conduct of the program though inspections, record keeping and
periodic audit.
22-3: Definitions:
22-3.1: Biological Hazard. The term biological hazard or biohazard is taken to mean any
viable infectious agent that presents a risk, or a potential risk, to the well being of humans.
22-3.2: Medical Wastes/Infectious Wastes. All waste emanating from human or animal
tissues, blood or blood products or fluids. This includes used first aid bandages, syringes,
needles, sharps, material used in spill cleanup and contaminated PPE or clothing.
22-3.3: Universal Precautions. Refers to a system of infectious disease control that assumes
that every direct contact with body fluids is infectious and requires every employee exposed
to be protected as though such body fluids were infected with blood-borne pathogens. All
infectious/medical material must be handled according to Universal Precautions (OSHA
Instruction CPL 2-2.44A) Hazards
22-3.4: Unprotected exposure to body fluids presents the possible risk of infection from a
number of blood borne pathogens notably Hepatitis and HIV.
22-4: Hazard Control:
22-4.1: Engineering Controls - prevention of exposure to blood borne pathogens engineering
controls include proper storage facilities and containers, syringes designed to prevent
accidental needle sticks, autoclaves and disinfectant equipment.
22-4.2: Administrative Controls - prevention of exposure to blood borne pathogen
administrative controls include universal precautions, assignment of PPE, employee training,
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use of spill kits specifically designed for blood and body fluids, restricted access to waste
collection points and waste disposal procedures.
22-5: Reporting and Record Keeping:
Any reports required by OSHA will be maintained by the Safety Department. All reports
(Training Certificates, Notice of HBV Vaccinations, exposure reports) will be maintained
in accordance with CFR 1910.1020. Occupationally contracted HBV or HIV will be
recorded on the OSHA 300 Log of Occupational Injuries and Illnesses as an illness.
Exposures to blood-borne pathogens from contact with sharps will be recorded on the
OSHA 300 Log of Occupational Injuries and Illnesses if a Physician prescribes treatment
such as gamma globulin, hepatitis B immune globulin or hepatitis B vaccine. All records
shall be available upon request by the employee, Assistant Secretary and the Director
for examination and copy File transfers may not occur without written authorization
from the employee.
22-6: Training:
All personnel assigned duties as EMT, Paramedics, First Aid Station Staff, HAZMAT
responders; Custodial Employees (those that clean rest rooms, etc.) including
supervisors will receive initial and annual training by a qualified medical practitioner on
the Blood borne Pathogen Program. Additionally, these personnel will be trained in First
Aid and CPR shall be offered this annual training to give First Aid/CPR. All new and
current affected Employees will be trained initially and annually thereafter. The content
of the training program will include:
1.
Company Policy
2.
Types and transmission of Blood-Borne Pathogens
3.
General Safety Rules
4.
Universal Precautions
5.
Use of Personal Protective Equipment
6.
Medical Waste Disposal Procedures
7.
Post Exposure Treatment and Procedures
8.
HBV Vaccinations
Documentation of training will be by Control of Blood-Borne Pathogens Training
Certificate. All Employees not affected by this Program will receive an overview of the
program requirements during scheduled department Safety Meetings with
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documentation by Safety Meeting Minutes Form. Special protective equipment is
required to clean up any bloodborne and or hazardous pathogen.
22-7: Hepatitis-B Virus (HBV) Vaccine:
Occupational Health Professionals and those required to provide first aid or emergency
response duties or medical care on a routine basis will be offered Hepatitis-B Virus
(HBV) Vaccinations at Company expense. Employees that transfer to a job or their job is
reclassified to include exposure to blood-borne pathogens will be offered HBV
Vaccinations within 10 working days of the transfer or reclassification. The choice for
HBV vaccination is not mandatory. If an affected Employee chooses not to have the
vaccination at the initial offering, they will have the opportunity to be vaccinated when
they are ready. The Company will document the offer, acceptance or declination, and
vaccination dates with the Notice of HBV Vaccinations Form.
22-8: Post Exposure Treatment and Notification Procedures:
Should an affected Employee or an Employee acting as a "Good Samaritan" be
occupationally exposed to HIV/HAV/HBV the affected Employee will report the exposure
to the Company Nurse. The Company will provide for the Employee to be tested for
HIV/HAV/HBV at Company expense. Following the initial blood test at time of exposure,
seronegative Employees will be retested at 6 weeks, 12 weeks and 6 months to
determine if transmission has occurred. During this period, the Employee will follow the
recommendations provided by the Physician or the U. S. Public Health Service.
An "occupational exposure" is defined as blood or body fluid contact from an injured or
ill Employee to the affected Employee or injury by a contaminated sharp object.
Following the report of exposure, Safety will contact the exposure source and request
that person be tested for HIV/HAV/HBV at Company expense. The request is not
mandatory and if refused will not effect that Employee's future employment. The source
individual's blood is tested as soon as possible and after consent is obtained to
determine HBV and HIV infectivity. (Hepatitis B surface Antigen, Hepatitis C Antibody
and HIV Screen) The exposed employee's blood shall be collected as soon as feasible
and tested for HBV (Hepatitis Bs Antibody, Hepatitis C Antibody) and HIV serological
status after consent is obtained (Employee Consent for HIV Antibody Testing).
During all phases of Post Exposure, the confidentiality of the affected Employee and
exposure source will be maintained on a "need to know basis". The Blood-Borne
Pathogens Exposure and Treatment form is used to document the exposure and offer of
medical assistance to the affected Employee and use the Medical Consent for BloodBorne Pathogens Testing form for the exposure source. The results of any HIV/HAV/HBV
tests conducted will be provided to the exposed and source Employees within 5
business days of receipt.
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22-9: General Procedures:
Personnel must follow the following procedures when in medical rooms or laboratories.
1.
All supervisors must ensure that their staff is trained in proper work practices, the concept of
universal precautions, personal protective equipment, and in proper cleanup and disposal
techniques.
2.
Resuscitation equipment, pocket masks, resuscitation bags, or other ventilation equipment must
be provided to eliminate the need for direct mouth-to-mouth contact in groups where
resuscitation is a part of their responsibilities.
3.
Eating, drinking, smoking, applying cosmetics or lip balm, and handling contact lenses are
prohibited in work areas where there is a potential for exposure to any health hazard. Food and
drink must not be stored in refrigerators, freezers, or cabinets where blood or other potentially
infectious material is stored or in other areas of possible contamination.
4.
According to the level of risk, wearing laboratory or protective clothing may be required for
persons entering infectious disease laboratories. Likewise, showers with a germicidal soap may
be required before exit.
5.
Gowns, aprons, or lab coats must be worn whenever there is a possibility that body fluids could
splash on skin or clothing.
6.
Gloves must be made of appropriate disposable material, usually intact latex or vinyl. They must
be used in the following circumstances:
1.
When the employee has cuts, abraded skin, chapped hands, dermatitis, or similar
conditions.
2.
When examining abraded or non-intact skin of a patient with active bleeding.
3.
While handling blood or blood products or other body secretions during routine
laboratory procedures.
7.
Employees must wash their hands immediately, or as soon as possible, after removal of gloves
or other personal protective equipment and after hand contact with blood or other potentially
infectious materials.
8.
All personal protective equipment must be removed immediately upon leaving the work area,
and if this equipment is overtly contaminated, it must be placed in an appropriate area or
container for storage, washing, decontamination, or disposal.
9.
Contaminated clothing must not be worn in clean areas or outside the building.
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10.
All procedures involving blood or other potentially infectious agents must be performed in a
manner that will minimize splashing, spraying, and aerosolization.
22-10: Medical Wastes:
Medical/infectious waste must be segregated from other waste at the point of origin.
Medical/infectious waste, except for sharps (i.e., razor blades, broken glass, needles,
etc.) capable of puncturing or cutting, must be contained in double disposable red bags
conspicuously labeled with the words "INFECTIOUS WASTE" and "BIOHAZARD."
1.
Used needles or other sharps (razor blades, broken glass, scalpels, etc.) must not be sheared,
bent, broken, recapped, or re-sheathed. Infectious sharps must be contained for disposal in
leak-proof, rigid puncture-resistant containers.
2.
Infectious waste contained as described above must be placed in reusable or disposable leakproof bins or barrels that are conspicuously labeled with the words "INFECTIOUS WASTE" and
"BIOHAZARD." These waste barrels are picked up regularly by an outside company licensed to
handle infectious wastes.
3.
All infectious agents, equipment, or apparatus must be disinfected in an autoclave or otherwise
disinfected before being washed or disposed of. Each individual working with infectious biohazardous agents is responsible for dis-infection and disposal of these agents.
4.
Biological wastes that do not contain radioactive or hazardous substances may be disinfected by
steam sterilization (autoclave) then disposed of in the regular trash.
5.
Liquid bio-hazardous waste may be disposed of in the sewage system following chemical
decontamination.
6.
Reusable glassware must be decontaminated in sodium hypo chlorite (household bleach)
solution (1:9) prior to rinsing and acid washing. The glassware must then be sterilized in an
autoclave.
7.
To minimize the hazard to firefighters or emergency response personnel, at the close of each
work day and before the building is closed, all infectious or toxic material must be placed in a
refrigerator, placed in an incubator, or autoclaved or otherwise disinfected.
8.
Infectious agents must not be placed in an autoclave and left overnight in anticipation of
autoclaving the next day.
9.
Floors, laboratory benches, and other surfaces in buildings where infectious agents are handled
must be disinfected with a suitable germicide, such as 1:9 sodium hypo chlorite solution
(household bleach) as often as necessary as determined by the supervisor.
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10.
The surroundings must be disinfected after completion of operations involving planting,
pipetting, centrifuging, and similar procedures with infectious agents.
11.
Infectious agents must not be dumped into the building drainage system without prior
disinfections.
22-11: Cuts:
If an employee has a needle stick, cut, or mucous membrane exposure to another
person’s body fluids he/she must report the incident immediately to the Company
Nurse.
22-12: Blood Exposure:
All employees exposed to human blood and blood products must report to the
Company Nurse for information and possible inclusion in the Hepatitis B Immunization
Program.
22-13: Infection Control Plan:
The purpose of the Infection Control Plan is to protect the health and safety of the
persons directly involved in handling the materials, Company personnel and the general
public by ensuring the safe handling, storage, use, processing, and disposal of infectious
medical waste. This plan complies with OSHA requirement proposed for 17 CFR
1910.1018, Blood borne Pathogens.
22-14: Universal precautions:
Refers to a system of infectious disease control, which assumes that every direct contact
with body fluids is infectious and requires every employee exposed to be protected as
though such body fluids were infected with blood-borne pathogens. All
infectious/medical material must be handled according to Universal Precautions (OSHA
Instruction CPL 2-2.44A). The following universal precautions must be taken:
1.
Gloves must be made of appropriate disposable material, usually intact latex or vinyl. They must
be used:
Vast Construction, LLC.
1.
When the employee has cuts, abraded skin, chapped hands,
dermatitis, or the like.
2.
When examining abraded or non-intact skin of a patient with
active bleeding.
3.
While handling blood or blood products or other body
secretions during routine procedures.
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2.
Gowns, aprons, or lab coats must be worn when splashes of body fluid on skin or clothing are
possible.
3.
Mask and eye protection are required when contact of mucosal membranes (eyes, mouth or
nose) with body fluids is likely to occur (e.g. splashes or aerosolization).
4.
Resuscitation equipment, pocket masks, resuscitation bags, or other ventilation equipment must
be provided to eliminate the need for direct mouth-to-mouth contact.
5.
Hands should be cleaned using and antiseptic cleanser then wiped with paper towels if there are
no hand washing facilities available.
22-15: Waste Disposal Plan
1.
Medical/Infectious waste must be segregated from other waste at the point of origin.
2.
Medical/Infectious waste, except for sharps (e.g. razor blades, broken glass, needles, etc.)
capable of puncturing or cutting must be contained in double disposable red bags conspicuously
labeled with the words, "INFECTIOUS WASTE -- BIOHAZARD."
3.
Infectious sharps must be contained for disposal in leak-proof, rigid puncture resistant
containers.
1.
Infectious waste thus contained as described in procedures 2 and 3 above must be
placed in reusable or disposable leak-proof bins or barrels which must be conspicuously
labeled with the words, "INFECTIOUS WASTE -- BIOHAZARD." These waste barrels are be
picked up regularly by an outside company licensed to handle infectious wastes.
4.
Spills/Disinfectants: a solution of sodium hypo chlorite (household bleach) diluted 1:9 with
water must be used to disinfect, following initial cleanup of a spill with a chemical germicide
approved as a hospital disinfectant. Spills must be cleaned up immediately.
5.
After removing gloves, and/or after contact with body fluids, hands and other skin surfaces must
be washed thoroughly and immediately with soap or other disinfectant in hot water.
6.
Other biological wastes that do not contain radioactive or hazardous substances may be
disinfected by steam sterilization (autoclave) and then disposed of in the regular trash.
7.
Liquid biohazard waste may be disposed of in the sewage system following chemical
decontamination.
8.
Reusable glassware must be decontaminated in sodium hyper chlorite (household bleach)
solution (1:9) prior to rinsing and acid washing. Then the glassware must be sterilized in an
autoclave.
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22-16: Personal Protective Equipment for Worker Protection:
Against HIV and HBV Transmission
TASK
GLOVES
Control of Bleeding w/ spurting blood
X
Bleeding control with minimal bleeding
X
Emergency Child Birth
X
Blood Drawing
X
Handling & Cleaning Instruments
X
Cleaning Bio Spills
X
APRON
MASK
EYEWEAR
X
X
X
X
X
X
Taking Temperature
Giving Injection
X
Measuring Blood Pressure
The examples provided in this table are based on application of universal precautions.
Universal precautions are intended to supplement rather than replace recommendation
for routine infection control, such as hand washing and using gloves to prevent gross
microbial contamination of hands (e.g., contact with urine or feces). The employer at no
cost provides each of the PPE to the employee.
22-17: BLOOD - BORNE PATHOGENS
22-17.1: Universal Precautions and General Safety Rules for Posting
Exposure Determination: Vast Construction Chemical Cleaning, Inc., and its Divisions and
Subsidiaries will not perform invasive medical treatment or provide intravenous
medication. Therefore, the exposure to Blood-Borne Pathogens, as defined in item # 3
below, is determined to be from routine and emergency first aid treatment of common
workplace injuries. The following Universal Precautions and General Safety Rules have
been established to prevent the spread of viral and bacterial organisms (namely
HIV/HAV/HBV). In all cases, the Universal Precautions and General Safety Rules should
be followed.
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1.
Exposure determination shall be made without regards to the use of personal protective
equipment Before and immediately after providing patient care, wash exposed areas (hands,
arms, etc.) with antibacterial soap.
2.
Don and use the required personal protective equipment for the medical care given as outlined
in the Personal Protective Equipment for Worker Protection Poster.
3.
Treat all human body fluids and items soiled with human body fluids (blood, blood products,
seamen, vaginal secretions, cerebrospinal fluid, synovial fluid, pleural fluid, peritoneal fluid,
pericardial fluid, amniotic fluid, concentrated HIV/HAV/HBV, and saliva (in dental settings) as if
contaminated with HIV/HAV/HBV. (Note: Feces, urine, nasal secretions, sputum, sweat, tears, or
vomitus need not be treated as contaminated unless they contain visible blood)
4.
No smoking, eating, drinking or storage of food products is permitted in patient treatment
areas. Non-medical items, such as clothing and personal effects, should not be stored in the
treatment facility.
5.
Patient treatment areas will be maintained in a near sanitary condition at all times. Daily and at
least once per shift, the Occupational Health Facility will be disinfected with antibacterial/viral
solution (at least 10% Chlorine Bleach or equivalent). All medical and personal protective
equipment contaminated with human body fluids will be disinfected before being returned for
use again.
6.
To avoid special handling, all clothing contaminated with human body fluid will be presoaked
(sprayed on the affected areas) with the antibacterial/viral solution before being sent to the
laundry. (Note: Gloves and eye protection should be worn when handling contaminated clothing
until presoaked for 10 minutes)
7.
Any spills of body fluid will be presoaked (sprayed on the affected area) with antibacterial/viral
solution for 10 minutes before being removed. (Note: Gloves and eye protection should be worn
when handling spills of body fluids)
8.
Medical Wastes (those soiled with covered human body fluids) will be treated following the
Medical Wastes Treatment and Disposal Procedures before being discarded as ordinary wastes.
9.
Any suspected exposure to HIV/HAV/HBV by human body fluid contact (via broken skin, human
bites, needle sticks, etc.) should be reported to your Supervisor immediately.
22-18: CONTROL OF BLOOD-BORNE PATHOGENS PROGRAM
22-18.1: Medical Waste Treatment and Disposal Procedures for Posting
1.
Vast Construction, LLC.
All Medical Wastes (those soiled with covered human body fluids) will
be placed in a red leak-proof container marked either Biohazard or
Medical Waste. All other wastes will be discarded following customary
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procedures. (Note: Soiled feminine hygiene/sanitary napkins, soiled
facial tissues, etc. are not considered a biohazard or medical waste.
Pretreatment is not necessary; however, Employees should wear
personal protective equipment and wash hands with antibacterial soap
afterwards)
2.
Don and use the required personal protective equipment when handling
medical wastes as outlined in the Personal Protective Equipment for
Worker Protection Poster.
3.
At the end of each shift, all accumulated medical wastes will be treated
to remove biohazards using the following procedure:
1.
Prepare a solution of 10 percent chlorine bleach to water
(approximately 2 cups chlorine bleach to 1 gallon of water)
2.
Pour solution over the medical wastes and thoroughly saturate
3.
Let stand for 10 minutes and then drain into sink
4.
Discard as ordinary wastes
Caution: Sharp objects (broken glass, hypodermic needles, etc.)
should not be handled by hand to prevent accidental punctures
and lacerations.
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4.
Rinse medical wastes container and return for use again.
5.
Wash hands and exposed areas with antibacterial soap.
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22-19: HEPATITIS B VACCINE CONSENT FORM
Vaccines providing protection against the Hepatitis B virus are licensed by the FDA. Clinical studies
indicate that administration of the vaccine, in three doses over several months, may produce immunity
in 82-87% of recipients. The vaccines are prepared from plasma of individuals who are carriers of the
hepatitis virus or from yeast derivatives using recombinant DNA technology. The Center for Disease
Control (CDC) and the Occupational Safety and Health Administration (OSHA) have issued statements
recommending vaccinations for health care workers who perform procedures that involve inherent atrisk potential for mucous membrane or direct skin contact with blood, bodily fluids, or tissues; or a
potential for direct contact through spills or splashes of blood or bodily fluids. While most long term
care employees are less at risk for hepatitis infection than hospital based employees, some long term
care employees may face potential exposure if the employee has direct contact with the bodily fluids of
patients who harbor the Hepatitis B virus. The facility, Vast Construction Services, Inc. under the
direction of its Medical Director, is prepared to offer and administer the vaccine without charge (except
for the preliminary blood tests) to those employees in high risk positions who request it. Studies
involving use of the vaccine in pregnant and nursing women have not been performed and the vaccine
will be given in these situations only if clearly needed and at the written recommendation of you
personal physician. Prior to the administration of the vaccine a blood test, at the employee's expense,
may be performed to determine prior infection with Hepatitis B. Individuals whose test indicates prior
exposure will not benefit from the vaccine and therefore will not be vaccinated. The vaccine is given on
a completely voluntary basis. Your decision to receive the vaccine is purely a personal decision. If you
have further questions or concerns about the vaccine, please contact your personal physician before
requesting the vaccination.
I understand that I have been given the option by Vast Construction, LLC of receiving the Hepatitis B
vaccine series without charge to me. I, the undersigned employee, both request that the vaccine be
administered and consent to the administration of the vaccine. I fully realize that administration of the
vaccine may possibly result in immediate complications including, but not limited to:
injection sight reactions consisting of soreness, pain, tenderness, pruritus, erythema, ecchymosis,
swelling, warmth and nodule formation. Other adverse reactions may include feelings of
fatigue/weakness headache, fever, malaise, nausea, diarrhea, pharangitis upper respiratory infection,
sweating, achyness, sensation of warmth, light-headedness, chills, flushing, vomiting, abdominal
pains/cramps, dyspepsia, diminished appetite, rhinitis (runny nose), influenza, cough, vertigo/dizziness
paresthesia, non-specified rash, angioedema, urticaria, arthralgia, myalgia, back, neck and shoulder
pain, lymphadenopathy, insomnia/disturbed sleep, earache, dysuria and hypotension. Other
complications that have been reported included hypersensitivity with a wide variety of symptoms
including fever, dermatologic reactions, nose bleeds, chest discomfort, heart palpitations, bronchial
spasm, and serum sickness like symptoms with a delayed onset of days to weeks after vaccination.
Other reactions reported include Bell's Palsy, muscle weakness, and optical neuritis.
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Adverse effects of the plasma-derived Hepatitis B vaccine may include the above as well as the
following: neurological disorders such as myelitis, acute radiculoneuropathy including Guillain-Barre
syndrome and herpes zoster, thrombocytopenia, tinnitus and visual disturbances.
I also understand that anytime a medication is given by injection, unknown and potential serious allergic
complications may occur. Though I fully understand the risks of receiving these injections, I hereby
release and forever discharge Vast Construction, LLC its officers and directors, its medical and nursing
staff, agents, employees and any other persons connected with the administration of the vaccine from
any and all liabilities, claims, damages and causes of actions that may arise from the administration of
the vaccine series and/or its possible complications. This release is to be binding upon my spouse, as
well as my heirs, legal representatives and assigns.
I have fully read all of the terms of this release and understand that this is a complete release and bars
any and all claims and resulting in the administration of the vaccine series and any possible
complications regardless of whether specifically described herein.
After reading the above information about Hepatitis B vaccine, please read and sign the following
release indicating your decision regarding the vaccine.
_____ I do not wish to receive the vaccine.
_____ I have already been given the vaccine on __________, 20____.
_____ I wish to receive the vaccine.
I hereby certify that I have fully and completely read and understand the above information regarding
the administration of the Hepatitis B vaccine series.
_________________________________________________________________________________
(Employee Signature)
(Printed Name)
(Date)
_________________________________________________________________________________
(Witness Signature)
(Printed Name)
(Date)
_________________________________________________________________________________
(Witness Signature)
(Printed Name)
(Date)
_________________________________________________________________________________
(Medical Director Signature)
(Printed Name)
(Date)
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Sub-Section #23: CONDUCT AND DISCIPLINARY ACTION POLICY
23-1: Conduct & Disciplinary Action
23-1.1: Group I:
Group 1 rules are those that will normally result in immediate termination. The
rules of conduct contained herein will apply to all company personnel. In
addition, there may be some rules that are specific to your job. Your foreman
will explain these in detail .The enforcement of the disciplinary policy will be
conducted by Safety, Supervision and management Managements commitment
to a safe work place is a primary goal and will monitor all inspections and will
meet with employees with infractions to explain company procedure.
1.
Violation of safety rules that might cause serious injury or death to self or fellow workers.
2.
Sleeping on the job, playing handheld video games, reading non-job related material on job site.
3.
Taking unauthorized photographs
4.
Accepting gratuities
5.
Immoral conduct
6.
Insubordination
7.
Gambling or the use of gambling devices
8.
Fighting
9.
Possession or use of alcohol or controlled substance
10.
Intoxication
11.
Falsification of records, regardless of when discovered when related to payroll, work orders or
where company expenses are involved.
12.
Clocking in or out for others
13.
Dishonesty
14.
Unauthorized possession of company property
15.
Willful or negligent damage to company property
16.
Stealing
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17.
Not wearing seat belt in company vehicles
18.
Carrying weapons, firearms or cameras on company or client property is prohibited.
23-1.2: Group II:
Group II rules are those that will normally consists of progressively more serious
warnings which could result in termination.
1.
Violation of safety rules or procedures.
2.
Failure to comply with job assignment sheet.
3.
Irregular attendance.
4.
Tardiness
5.
Sitting in company vehicles on the job site.
6.
Unexcused absence
7.
Unauthorized absence during work hours or being away from work area without authorization
from your supervisor.
8.
Quitting early without permission.
9.
Spreading rumors about the company/owner or any company employee.
10.
Not answering pages or returning phone calls.
11.
Extreme carelessness.
12.
Inappropriate use of radios in company vehicles.
13.
Failure to report an injury
14.
Violation of the company’s rules on solicitation and distribution.
23-2: Disciplinary Procedure :
It is Vast Construction, LLC policy that whenever possible, discipline be
corrective in nature rather than punitive. The normal sequence is as follows:
1.
First Violation of any Group II rule = verbal warning
2.
Second Violation = written warning
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3.
Third violation = termination
The normal sequence may be altered depending on the seriousness or
willfulness of the violation.
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Sub-Section # 24: FALL PROTECTION PROGRAM
24-1: BACKGOUND:
In the construction industry in the U.S., falls are the leading cause of worker fatalities.
Each year, on average, between 150 and 200 workers are killed and more than 100,000
are injured as a result of falls at construction sites. OSHA recognizes that accidents
involving falls are generally complex events frequently involving a variety of factors.
Consequently, the standard for fall protection deals with both the human and
equipment-related issues in protecting workers from fall hazards. The OSHA Safety
Standards establish uniform requirements to make sure that the fall hazards in U.S.
workplaces are evaluated, and that this hazard information is transmitted to all affected
workers.
24-2: GENERAL:
Vast Construction will ensure that the hazards of all elevated work activities over 6 feet
in length are evaluated, and that information concerning their hazards is transmitted to
all employees. This standard practice instruction is intended to address comprehensively
the issues of; evaluating potential fall hazards, communicating information concerning
these hazards, and establishing appropriate protective measures for employees.
24-3: RESPONSIBILITY:
The Vast Construction Safety Manager is responsible for the administration of this
program and has full authority to make necessary decisions to ensure success of the
program. All Vast Construction employees are responsible for safety at all times. Vast
Construction has expressly authorized this person to halt any Vast Construction
operation where there is danger of serious personal injury.
24-4: Contents of the Fall Protection Program:
1.
Written Program.
2.
Statement of Policy.
3.
Vast Construction/Workplace Evaluation.
4.
Training.
5.
Fall Hazard Control Procedures.
6.
Protective Materials and Hardware.
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7.
Fall Protection Systems.
8.
Guardrail Systems.
9.
Safety Monitoring Systems.
10.
Safety Net Systems.
11.
Warning Line Systems.
12.
Controlled Access Zones
13.
Additional Fall Protection Requirements
14.
Protection from Falling Objects.
15.
Fall Protection Plan
16.
Subcontractor Responsibilities.
17.
Definitions.
24-4.1: Written Program:
Vast Construction Management/Safety will review and evaluate this standard
practice instruction:
1.
On an annual basis
2.
When changes occur to 29 CFR that prompt revision of this document
3.
When Vast Construction operational changes occur that require a revision of this document
4.
When there is an accident or close-call that relates to this area of safety
5.
Review the program any time fall protection procedures fail
Effective implementation of this program requires support from all levels of
management within Vast Construction. This written program will be communicated
to all personnel that are affected by it. It encompasses the total workplace,
regardless of the number of workers employed or the number of work shifts. It is
designed to establish clear goals, and objectives.
24-4.2: Statement of Policy:
The hazards of potential falls at heights of 6 feet and above will be addressed in
this document. This instruction describes a systematic approach that must be
used to protect and prevent people from falling. This instruction also lists some
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of the most common fall hazards, and provides recommendations and
guidelines for selecting fall arrest systems.
24-4.3: Workplace Evaluation:
The workplace will be assessed before each assigned job for potential fall
hazards. Proper fall arrest equipment will be used for jobs requiring fall
protection when elimination of the hazard(s) is not possible. Vast Construction
will evaluate the facilities by department to determine fall hazards. This
preliminary evaluation will detail the required steps for protecting employees
from fall hazards. A fall hazards assessment sheet will be used to document fall
hazard assessments. A complete list of fall hazard locations and protective
measures procedures will be maintained. This rule does not cover those workers
Inspecting, investigating, or assessing workplace conditions prior to the actual
start of work or after all work has been completed. Also, requirements to
provide fall protection for workers on scaffolds and ladders and for workers
engaged in steel erection of buildings are covered in other subparts of OSHA
regulations.
24-4.4: Training:
A training program will be provided for all employees who will be exposed to fall
hazards in the work area, and will be conducted by competent personnel. The
program will include but will not be limited to:
1.
A description of fall hazards in the work area
2.
Procedures for using fall prevention and protection systems
3.
Equipment limitations
4.
The elements encompassed in total fall distance
5.
Prevention, control and fall arrest systems
6.
Inspection and storage procedures for the equipment
Generally, workers will be trained to recognize the hazards of falling from elevations
and to avoid falls from grade level to lower levels through holes or openings in
walking/working surfaces. Training programs will include prevention, control and fall
arrest systems. It must be ensured that appropriate fall arrest systems are installed,
and that employees know how to use them before beginning any work that requires
fall protection.
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24-4.4.1: Initial training: Training will be conducted prior to job assignment. This
employer will provide training to ensure that the purpose, function, and proper use
of fall protection is understood by employees and that the knowledge and skills
required for the safe application and usage is acquired by employees. This standard
practice instruction will be provided to, and read by all employees receiving training.
The training will include, as a minimum the following:
1.
Types of fall protection equipment appropriate for use.
2.
Recognition of applicable fall hazards associated with the work to be completed and the
locations of such.
3.
Load determination and balancing requirements.
4.
Procedures for removal of protection devices from service for repair or replacement.
5.
All other employees whose work operations are or may be in an area where protection devices
fall may be utilized, will be instructed to an awareness level concerning hazards associated with
fall protection operations.
6.
Fall protection equipment identification. Fall protection equipment having identification
numbers will be checked for legibility. Fall protection equipment having illegible identification
markings will be turned in to the supervisor for inspection.
7.
Equipment maintenance and inspection requirements.
8.
Equipment donning and doffing procedures.
9.
Equipment strengths and limitations.
10.
Other options such as safety nets, guardrails, controlled access zones, and safety monitoring
systems
11.
Certification. This employer will certify that employee training has been accomplished and is
being kept up to date. The certification will contain each employee's name and dates of training.
Training will be accomplished by competent personnel.
24-4.4.2: Refresher training: This standard practice instruction will be provided
to, and read by all employees receiving refresher training. The training content
will be identical to initial training. Refresher training will be conducted on an
annual basis or when the following conditions are met, whichever event occurs
sooner.
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1.
Retraining will be provided for all authorized and affected employees whenever (and prior to) a
change in their job assignments, a change in the type of fall protection equipment used, or when
a known hazard is added to the work environment which affects the fall protection program.
2.
Additional retraining will also be conducted whenever a periodic inspection reveals, or
whenever this employer has reason to believe, that there are deviations from or inadequacies in
the employee's knowledge or use of fall protection equipment or procedures.
3.
Whenever a fall protection procedure fails.
4.
The retraining will reestablish employee proficiency and introduce new or revised methods and
procedures, as necessary.
5.
Certification. This employer will certify that employee training has been accomplished and is
being kept up to date. The certification will contain each employee's name and dates of training.
Training will be accomplished by competent personnel.
24-4.5: Fall Hazard Control Procedures (Fall Prevention)
Control Procedures Development. Once a workplace evaluation has been
accomplished, procedures will be developed, documented and utilized for the
control of potential fall hazards. Fall prevention plans will be designed, when
necessary, by WCFS competent individuals or other competent personnel. WCFS
engineers (where utilized) or other competent personnel will be provided with any
required specialized training to recognize fall hazards, to understand and address
fall prevention techniques, and to become familiar with fall arrest equipment and
procedures. It is critical that they consider fall protection design for the safety of
operations where employees must work at elevated heights. Safety during access
and egress from elevated work sites will also be considered. The following
guidelines will be used when planning work at elevated heights.
1.
Involve the Safety Department early in the project planning/job planning so that they can
recommend appropriate fall-protection measures and equipment.
2.
Involve qualified Engineers when load rating of anchorage points must be determined or is in
doubt. Required training will be provided as necessary.
3.
Involve Engineering and Maintenance when anchorage points must be installed.
4.
Vast Construction will be specific in dealing with fall hazards when developing contracts.
Subcontractors will be required to provide a written fall protection program which
describes the Contractors’ fall protection policies and procedures when they will be
working at elevated heights.
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Procedures: The following format will be followed when developing fall protection
procedures. The Safety Manager will be responsible for the implementation of these
procedures. The procedures will clearly and specifically outline the scope, purpose,
authorization, rules, and techniques to be utilized to control fall hazards, and the
means to enforce compliance including, but not limited to, the following:
1.
A specific statement of the intended use of the procedure.
2.
A review of accident records, including OSHA 300 logs and Workers’ Compensation
documentation.
3.
Interviews with employees and groups of employees whose work environment includes or may
include fall hazards.
4.
Physical observations of the work environment(s) that involve fall hazards or the potential of
such.
5.
Observations of individuals and their job tasks and work habits that expose them to existing or
potential fall hazards.
6.
The procedures contained in the Vast Construction fall protection program.
7.
Specific procedural steps for the use and operation of body harness systems, and other fall
protection systems
8.
Specific procedural steps for the placement, erection, inspection, maintenance, disassembly and
transfer of fall protection systems or devices and the person(s) responsible for them.
9.
Specific requirements for testing fall protection systems or equipment to determine and verify
the effectiveness of the fall protection control measures (not load testing).
10.
The correct procedures to rescue employees who have fallen.
11.
The role of each employee in fall protection plans and applicable policies.
12.
Specific requirements for testing fall protection systems or equipment.
13.
Requirements for guardrail installation
14.
Other requirements including safety net systems, controlled access zones, and safety monitoring
systems.
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24-4.6: Protective Materials and Hardware:
Appropriate fall protection devices will be provided for potential fall hazards.
Selection of the equipment will be based on the fall protection evaluation.
Evaluations will be conducted by personnel authorized to evaluate fall
protection requirements.
1.
Selection Criteria.
1.
Fall Protection devices will be singularly identified; will be the only devices(s) used for
controlling falls; will not be used for other purposes; and will meet the following
requirements:
1.
Capable of withstanding the environment to which they are exposed for the
maximum period of time that exposure is expected.
2.
Anchor points will not deteriorate when located in corrosive environments such
as areas where acid and alkali chemicals are handled and stored.
3.
Capable of withstanding the ultimate load of 5,000 lbs. For the maximum period
of time that exposure is expected.
4.
Standardization within SU facilities. Fall protection devices will be standardized
whenever possible
24-4.7: Fall Protection Systems.
When fall hazards cannot be eliminated through any other means, fall
protection systems will be used to control falls. Proper training on fall
protection systems is essential and will be provided prior to working on any
jobsite.
1.
Personal Fall Arrest Systems. A personal fall arrest system consists of a full-body harness,
lanyard, energy shock absorber, self-locking snap hook and an anchorage point. If a personal fall
arrest system is used for fall protection, it must do the following:
1.
Limit maximum arresting force on an employee to 900 pounds (4 kiloNewtons) when
used with a body belt. NOTE: As of January 1, 1998, the use of a body belt for fall arrest
was prohibited; however, the use of a body belt in a positioning device system is
acceptable.
2.
Limit maximum arresting force on an employee to 1,800 pounds (8 kiloNewtons) when
used with a body harness.
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2.
3.
Be rigged so that an employee can neither free fall more than 6 feet (1.8 meters) nor
contact any lower level.
4.
Bring an employee to a complete stop and limit maximum deceleration distance an
employee travels to 3.5 feet (1.07 meters)
5.
Have sufficient strength to withstand twice the potential impact energy of an employee
free falling a distance of 6 feet (1.8 meters) or the free fall distance permitted by the
system, whichever is less.
6.
Personal fall arrest systems must be inspected prior to each use for wear or damage,
and other deterioration. Defective components must be removed from service.
Dee-rings and Snaphooks
1.
Dee-rings and snaphooks must have a minimum tensile strength of 5,000 pounds (22.2
kiloNewtons). Dee-rings and snaphooks shall be proof-tested to a minimum tensile load
of 3,600 pounds (16 kiloNewtons) without cracking, breaking, or suffering permanent
deformation.
2.
Snaphooks shall be sized to be compatible with the member to which they will be
connected, or shall be of a locking configuration. Unless the snaphook is a locking type
and designed for the following connections, they shall not be engaged:
1.
directly to webbing, rope, or wire rope
2.
to each other
3.
to a dee-ring to which another snaphook or other connecter is attached
4.
to a horizontal lifeline
5.
to any object incompatible in shape or dimension relative to the snaphook,
thereby causing the connected object to depress the snaphook keeper and
release unintentionally.
OSHA considers a hook to be compatible when the diameter of the dee-ring to
which the snaphook is attached is greater than the inside length of the
snaphook when measured from the bottom (hinged end) of the snaphook
keeper to the inside curve of the top of the snaphook. Thus, no matter how the
dee-ring is positioned or moved (rolls) with the snaphook attached, the dee-ring
cannot touch the outside of the keeper, thus depressing it open. As of January 1,
1998, the use of nonlocking snaphooks was prohibited.
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Retractable Lifelines:
1.
A retractable lifeline is a fall arrest device used in conjunction with other components of a fall
arrest system. Retractable lifelines should be used by one person at a time.
2.
A properly inspected and maintained retractable lifeline, when correctly installed and used as
part of the fall arrest system, automatically stops a person’s descent in a short distance after the
onset of an accidental fall.
3.
Retractable lifelines may be considered when working in areas such as on roofs and scaffolds, or
in tanks, towers, vessels, and manholes. Also, retractable lifelines should be considered when
climbing such equipment as vertical fixed ladders. The following apply to the use of retractable
lifelines:
4.
5.
1.
Retractable lifelines that automatically limit free fall distance to 2 feet (0.61 meters) or
less shall be capable of sustaining a minimum tensile load of 3,000 pounds (13.3
kiloNewtons) applied to the device with the lifeline in the fully extended position.
2.
Retractable lifelines that do not limit free fall distance to 2 feet (0.61 meters) or less,
shall be capable of sustaining a minimum tensile load of 5,000 pounds (22.2
kiloNewtons) applied to the device with the lifeline in the fully extended position.
Ropes and Straps (webbing
1.
Ropes and straps used in lanyards, lifelines, and strength components of body belts and
body harnesses shall be made of synthetic fibers.
2.
Lanyards and vertical lifelines must have a minimum breaking strength of 5,000 pounds
(22.2 KiloNewtons).
Anchorage Points
1.
Anchorages shall be designed, installed, and used under the supervision of a qualified
person, as part of a complete personal fall arrest system that maintains a safety factor
of at least two, i.e., capable of supporting at least twice the weight expected to be
imposed on it.
2.
Anchorages used to attach personal fall arrest systems shall be independent of any
anchorage being used to support or suspend platforms and must be capable of
supporting at least 5,000 pounds (22.2 KiloNewtons) per person attached.
24-4.8: Guardrail Systems:
Vast Construction may choose to use guardrail systems to protect workers from
falls. When utilized, guardrail systems will meet the following criteria:
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1.
The top edge height of toprails, or (equivalent) guardrails must be 42 inches (1.1 meters) plus or
minus 3 inches (8 centimeters), above the walking/ working level.
2.
The guardrail system must be capable of withstanding a force of at least 200 pounds (890
KiloNewtons) applied within 2 inches of the top edge in any outward or downward direction.
When the 200 pounds test is applied in a downward direction, the top edge of the guardrail
must not deflect to a height less than 39 inches (1 meter) above the walking/ working level.
3.
Toprails and midrails must be at least one-quarter inch (0.6 centimeters) nominal diameter or
thickness to prevent cuts and lacerations. If wire rope is used for toprails, it must be flagged at
not more than 6 feet (1.8 meters) intervals with high-visibility material. Steel and plastic banding
cannot be used as toprails and midrails. Manila, plastic, or synthetic rope used for toprails or
midrails must be inspected as frequently as necessary to ensure strength and stability.
4.
Screens, midrails, mesh, intermediate vertical members, or equivalent intermediate structural
members must be installed between the top edge of the guardrail system and the walking/
working surface when there are no walls or parapet walls at least 21 inches (53 centimeters)
high. When midrails are used, they must be installed at a height midway between the top edge
of the guardrail system and the walking/ working level. When screens and mesh are used, they
must extend from the top rail to the walking/ working level and along the entire opening
between top rail supports. Intermediate members, such as balusters, when used between posts,
shall not be more than 19 inches (48 centimeters) apart.
5.
Midrails, screens, mesh, intermediate vertical members, solid panels, and equivalent structural
members shall be capable of withstanding a force of at least 150 pounds (666 Newtons) applied
in any downward or outward direction at any point along the midrail or other member.
6.
Guardrail systems shall be surfaced to protect workers from punctures or lacerations and to
prevent clothing from snagging.
7.
The ends of top rails and midrails must not overhang terminal posts, except where such an
overhang does not constitute a projection hazard.
8.
When guardrail systems are used at hoisting areas, a chain, gate or removable guardrail section
must be placed across the access opening between guardrail sections when hoisting operations
are not in place.
9.
At holes, guardrail systems must be set up on all unprotected sides or edges. When holes are
used for the passage of materials, the hole shall not have more than two sides with removable
guardrail sections. When the hole is not in use, it must be covered or provided with guardrails
along all unprotected sides or edges.
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10.
If guardrail systems are used around holes that are used as access points (such as ladderways),
gates must be used or the point of access must be offset to prevent accidental walking into the
hole.
11.
If guardrails are used at unprotected sides or edges of ramps and runways, they must be erected
on each unprotected side or edge.
12.
Safety Monitoring Systems. When no other alternative fall protection has been implemented.
Vast Construction shall implement a safety monitoring system. A competent person will be
appointed to monitor the safety of workers
1.
Safety Monitor Criteria - Vast Construction shall ensure the Safety Monitor:
1.
Is competent in the recognition of fall hazards
2.
Is capable of warning workers of fall hazard dangers and in detecting unsafe
work practices.
3.
Is operating on the same walking/ working surfaces of the workers and can see
them, and
4.
Is close enough to work operations to communicate orally with workers and has
no other duties to distract from the monitoring function.
2.
Mechanical equipment shall not be used or stored in areas where safety monitoring
systems are being used to monitor employees engaged in roofing operations on lowsloped roofs.
3.
No worker, other than one engaged in roofing work (on low-sloped roofs) or one
covered by a fall protection plan, shall be allowed in an area where an employee is being
protected by a safety monitoring system.
4.
All workers in a controlled access zone shall be instructed to promptly comply with fall
hazard warnings issued by safety monitors.
24-4.9: Safety Net Systems:
Vast Construction does not utilize safety net systems as part of fall protection, even
though the option exists. If safety nets are introduced to the workplace, current usage
criteria will be evaluated and adhered to.
24-4.10: Warning Line Systems:
Warning line systems consist of ropes, wires, or chains, and supporting stanchions and
are set up as follows:
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1.
Flagged at not more than 6 foot (1.8 meters) intervals with high visibility material.
2.
Rigged and supported so that the lowest point including sag is no less than 34 inches
(0.9 meters) from the walking/ working surface and its highest point is no more than 39
inches (1 meter) from the walking/ working surface.
3.
Stanchions, after being rigged with warning lines, shall be capable of resisting, without
tipping over, a force of at least 16 pounds (71 Newtons) applied horizontally against the
stanchion, 30 inches (0.8 meters) above the walking/ working surface, perpendicular to
the warning line and in the direction of the floor, roof, or platform edge.
4.
The rope, wire, or chain shall have a minimum tensile strength of 500 pounds (2.22 kilo
Newtons), and after being attached to the stanchions, must support, without breaking,
the load applied to the stanchions as prescribed above.
5.
Shall be attached to each stanchion in such a way that pulling on one section of the line
between stanchions will not result in slack being taken up in the adjacent section before
the stanchion tips over.
13.
Warning lines shall be erected around all sides of roof work areas.
14.
When mechanical equipment is being used, the warning line shall be-erected not less than 6
feet (1.8 meters) from the roof edge parallel to the direction of mechanical equipment
operation, and not less than 10 feet (3 meters) from the roof edge perpendicular to the
direction of mechanical equipment operation...
15.
When mechanical equipment is not being used, the warning line must be erected not less than 6
feet (1.8 meters) from the roof edge.
16.
Controlled Access Zones. A controlled access zone is a work area designated and clearly marked
in which certain types of work (such as overhand bricklaying) may take place without the use of
conventional fall protection systems- guardrail, personal fall arrest or safety net- to protect the
employees working in the zone.
1.
Controlled access zones will be used to keep out workers other than those authorized to
enter work areas from which guardrails have been removed. Where there are no
guardrails, masons are the only workers allowed in controlled access zones.
2.
Controlled access zones, when created to limit entrance to areas where leading edge
work and other operations are taking place, must be defined by a control line or by any
other means that restrict access.
3.
Control lines shall consist of ropes, wires, tapes or equivalent materials, and supporting
stanchions, and each must be:
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1.
Flagged or otherwise clearly marked at not more than 6 foot (1.8 meters)
intervals with high-visibility material.
2.
Rigged and supported in such a way that the lowest point (including sag) is not
less than 39 inches (1 meter) from the walking/ working surface and the highest
point is not more than 45 inches (1.3 meters) – nor more than 50 inches 1.4
meters) when overhand bricklaying operations are being performed- from the
walking/ working surface.
3.
Strong enough to sustain stress of not less than 200 pounds (0.88 KiloNewtons).
Control lines shall extend along the entire length of the unprotected or leading
edge and shall be approximately parallel to the unprotected or leading edge.
4.
Control lines also must be connected on each side to a guardrail system or wall.
5.
When control lines are used, they shall be erected not less than 6 feet (1.8
meters) nor more than 25 feet (7.6 meters) from the unprotected or leading
edge, except when precast concrete members are being erected. In the latter
case, the control line is to be erected not less than 6 feet (1.8 meters) nor more
than 60 feet (18 meters) or half the length of the member being erected,
whichever is less, from the leading edge.
24-4.11: Controlled access zones:
When used to determine access to areas where overhand bricklaying and related work
are taking place, are to be defined by a control line erected not less than 10 feet (3
meters) nor more than 15 feet (4.6 meters) from the working edge. Additional control
lines must be erected at each end to enclose the controlled access zone. Only
employees engaged in overhand bricklaying or related work are permitted in the
controlled access zones.
1.
On floors and roofs where guardrail systems are not in place prior to the beginning of overhand
bricklaying operations, controlled access zones must be enlarged as necessary to enclose all
points of access, material handling areas, and storage areas.
2.
On floors and roofs where guardrail systems are in place, but need to be removed to allow
overhand bricklaying work or leading edge work to take place, only that portion of the guardrail
necessary to accomplish that day’s work shall be removed.
24-4.12: Additional Fall Protection Requirements.
In addition to the systems and criteria already mentioned, the following fall hazards will
be evaluated and the listed fall protection requirements will be adhered to.
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1.
Excavations- Each employee at the edge of an excavation 6 feet (1.8 meters) or more deep shall
be protected from falling by guardrail systems, fences, barricades, or covers. Where walkways
are provided to permit employees to cross over excavations, guardrails are required on the
walkway if the fall would be 6 feet (1.8 meters) or more to the lower level.
2.
Covers- Covers located in roadways and vehicular aisles must be able to support at least twice
the maximum axle load of the largest vehicle to which the cover might be subjected. All other
covers must be able to support at least twice the weight of employees, equipment, and
materials that may be imposed on the cover at any time. To prevent accidental displacement
resulting from wind, equipment, or worker’s activities, all covers must be secured. All covers
must be color-coded or bear the word “HOLE” or “COVER.”
3.
Formwork and Reinforcing Steel- For employees, while moving vertically and/or horizontally on
the vertical face of rebar assemblies built in place, fall protection is not required when
employees are moving. OSHA considers the multiple hand-holds and foot-holds on rebar
assemblies as providing similar protection as that provided by a fixed ladder. Consequently, no
fall protection is necessary while moving point to point for heights below 24 feet (7.3 meters).
An employee must be provided with fall protection when climbing or otherwise moving at a
height more than 24 feet (7.3 meters), the same as for fixed ladders.
4.
Hoist Areas – Each employee in a hoist area shall be protected from falling 6 feet (1.8 meters) or
more by guardrail systems or personal fall arrest systems. If guardrail systems (or chain gate or
guardrail), or portions of, must be removed to facilitate hoisting operations, as during the
landing of materials, and a worker must lean through the access opening or out over the edge of
the access opening to receive or guide equipment and materials, that employee must be
protected by a personal fall arrest system.
5.
Holes – Personal fall arrest systems, covers, or guardrail systems shall be erected around holes
(including skylights) that are more than 6 feet (1.8 meters) above lower levels.
6.
Leading Edges – Each employee who is constructing a leading edge 6 feet (1.8 meters) or more
above lower levels shall be protected by guardrail systems, safety net systems, or personal fall
arrest systems. If Vast Construction can demonstrate that it is infeasible or creates a greater
hazard to implement these systems, then we will develop and implement a fall protection plan
that meets the requirements of 29 CFR 1926.502(k).
7.
Overhand Bricklaying and Related Work – Each employee performing overhand bricklaying and
related work 6 feet (1.8 meters) or more above lower levels shall be protected by guardrail
systems, safety net systems, or personal fall arrest systems, or shall work in a controlled access
zone. All employees reaching more than 10 inches (25 centimeters) below the level of a walking
or working surface on which they are working shall be protected by a guardrail system, safety
net system, or personal fall arrest system.
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8.
Precast Concrete Erection – Each employee who is 6 feet (1.8 meters) or more above lower
levels while erecting precast concrete members and related operations such as grouting of
precast concrete members shall be protected by guardrail systems, safety net systems, or
personal fall arrest systems. Where Vast Construction can demonstrate, however, that it is
infeasible or creates a greater hazard to use those systems, then we will develop and implement
a fall protection plan that meets the requirements of 29 CFR 1926.502(k).
9.
Roofing –
10.
1.
Low-slope Roofs – Each employee engaged in roofing activities on low-slope roofs with
unprotected sides and edges 6 feet (1.8 meters) or more above lower levels, shall be
protected from falling by guardrail systems, safety net systems, personal fall arrest
ystems or a combination of a warning line system and guardrail system, warning line
system and safety net system, warning line system and personal fall arrest system, or
warning line system and safety monitoring system. On roofs 50 feet (15.25 meters) or
less in width, the use of a safety monitoring system without a warning line system is
permitted.
2.
Steep Roofs – Each employee on a steep roof with unprotected sides and edges 6 feet
(1.8 meters) or more above lower levels shall be protected by either guardrail systems
with toeboards, a safety net system, or a personal fall arrest system
Wall Openings – Each employee working on, at, above, or near wall openings (including those
with chutes attached) where the outside bottom edge of the wall opening is 6 feet (1.8 meters)
or more above lower levels and the inside bottom edge of the wall opening is less than 39
inches (1 meter) above the walking/ working surface, must be protected from falling by the use
of either a guardrail system, a safety net system, or a personal fall arrest system.
24-4.13: Protection From Falling Objects
When guardrail systems are used to prevent materials from one level to another, any
openings must be small enough to prevent passage of potential falling objects:
1.
No materials or equipment except masonry and mortar shall be stored within 4 feet (1.2
meters) of working edges. Excess mortar, broken or scattered masonry units, and all
other materials and debris shall be kept clear of the working area by removal at regular
intervals.
2.
During roofing work, materials and equipment shall not be stored within 6 feet (1.8
meters) of a roof edge unless guardrails are erected at the edge, and materials piled,
grouped, or stacked near a roof edge must be stable and self-supporting.
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3.
Canopies - When used as protection from falling objects, canopies must be strong
enough to prevent collapse and to prevent penetration by any objects that may fall onto
them.
4.
Toeboards – When toeboards are used as protection from falling objects, they must be
erected along the edges of the overhead walking or working surface for a distance
sufficient to protect persons working below. Toeboards shall be capable of withstanding
a force of at least 50 pounds (222 Newtons) applied in any downward or outward
direction at any point along the toeboard. Toeboards shall be a minimum of 3.5 inches
(9 centimeters) tall from their top edge to the level of the walking/ working surface,
have no more than 0.25 inches (0.6 centimeters) clearance above the walking/ working
surface, and be solid or have openings no larger than 1 inch (2.5 centimeters) in size.
When tools, equipment, or materials are piled higher than the top edge of a toeboard,
paneling or screening must be erected from the walking/ working surface or toeboard to
the top of a guardrail system’s top rail or midrail, for a distance sufficient to protect
employees below.
24-5: Fall Protection Plan:
This option is available only to employees engaged in leading edge work, precast
concrete erection work, or residential construction work who can demonstrate that it is
infeasible or it creates a greater hazard to use conventional fall protection equipment. .
WCFS realizes it has the burden of establishing that it is appropriate to implement a fall
protection plan which complies with the standard for a particular workplace situation, in
lieu of implementing any of those systems. The fall protection plan will conform to the
following provisions:
1.
The fall protection plan will be prepared by a qualified person and developed specifically for the
site where the leading edge work, precast concrete work, or residential construction work is
being performed, and will be maintained up to date.
2.
Any changes to the fall protection plan shall be approved by a qualified person.
3.
A copy of the fall protection plan with all approved changes shall be maintained at the job site.
4.
The implementation of the fall protection plan shall be under the supervision of a competent
person.
5.
The fall protection plan shall document the reasons why the use of conventional fall protection
systems are infeasible or why their use would create a greater hazard.
6.
The fall protection plan shall include a written discussion of other measures that will be taken to
reduce or eliminate the fall hazard for workers who cannot be provided with protection from
the conventional fall protection systems.
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7.
The fall protection plan shall identify each location where conventional fall protection methods
cannot be used. These locations shall then be classified as
8.
Controlled access zones and . Vast Construction will comply with the criteria discussed earlier in
section 12.
9.
Where no other alternative measure has been implemented, Vast Construction shall implement
a safety monitoring system in conformance with 1926.502(h).
10.
The fall protection plan will include a statement that provides the name or other method of
identification for each employee who is designated to work in controlled access zones. No other
employees may enter controlled access zones.
11.
In the event an employee falls, or some other related, serious incident occurs, WCFS shall
investigate the circumstances of the fall or other incident to determine if the fall protection plan
needs to be changed, and shall implement those changes to prevent similar types of falls or
incidents.
24-6: Subcontractor Responsibilities:
In addition to complying with the fall protection requirements that apply to all Vast
Construction employees, each subcontractor who is retained to perform operations that
involve fall protection must:
1.
Obtain any available information regarding fall hazards and protective measures from Vast
Construction.
2.
Coordinate fall protection operations with the Vast Construction, when both Vast Construction
personnel and subcontractor personnel will be working in or near recognized fall hazard
locations.
3.
Inform the Vast Construction of the fall protection program that the subcontractor will follow
and of any hazards confronted or created in conducting operations involving fall protection on
any jobsite through a debriefing immediately prior to the operation.
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24-7: Definitions:
24-7.1: Anchorage means a secure point of attachment for lifelines, lanyards or
deceleration devices.
24-7.2: Body belt means a strap with means both for securing it about the waist
and for attaching it to a lanyard, lifeline, or deceleration device.
24-7.3: Body harness means straps that may be secured about the employee in
a manner that will distribute the fall arrest forces over at least the thighs, pelvis,
waist, chest and shoulders with means for attaching it to other components of a
personal fall arrest system.
24-7.4: Competent person means a person who is capable of identifying
hazardous or dangerous conditions in any personal fall arrest system or any
component thereof, as well as in their application and use with related
equipment.
24-7.5: Connector means a device that is used to couple (connect) parts of the
personal fall arrest system and positioning device systems together. It may be
an independent component of the system, such as a carabiner, or it may be an
integral component of part of the system.
24-7.6: Deceleration device means any mechanism with a maximum length of
3.5 feet, such as a rope grab, ripstitch lanyard, tearing or deforming lanyards,
self-retracting lifelines, etc. which serves to dissipate a substantial amount of
energy during a fall arrest, or otherwise limit the energy imposed on an
employee during fall arrest.
24-7.7: Energy shock absorber means a device that limits shock-load forces on
the body.
24-7.8: Failure means load refusal, breakage, or separation of component parts.
Load refusal is the point where the ultimate strength is exceeded
24-7.9: Fall arrest system means a system specifically designed to secure,
suspend, or assist in retrieving a worker in or from a hazardous work area. The
basic components of a fall arrest system include anchorage, anchorage
connector, lanyard, shock absorber, harness, and self-locking snap hook.
24-7.10: Free fall means the act of falling before a personal fall arrest system
begins to apply force to arrest the fall.
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24-7.11: Free fall distance means the vertical displacement of the fall arrest
attachment point on the employee’s body belt or body harness between onset
of the fall and just before the system begins to apply force to arrest the fall
(maximum of 6 feet). This distance excludes deceleration distance, and
lifeline/lanyard elongation, but includes any deceleration device slide distance
or self-retracting lifeline/lanyard extension before they operate and fall arrest
forces occur.
24-7.12: Hole means a gap or void 2 inches or more in its least dimension, in a
floor, roof, or other walking/working surface.
24-7.13: Lanyard means a flexible line of rope, wire rope, or strap that generally
has a connector at each end for connecting the body belt or body harness to a
deceleration device, lifeline or anchorage.
24-7.14: Leading edge means the edge of a floor roof, or formwork for a floor or
other walking or working surface which changes location as additional floor,
roof, decking, or formwork sections are placed, formed or constructed. A
leading edge is considered to be an unprotected side and edge during periods
when it is not actively and continuously under construction.
24-7.15: Lifeline means a component consisting of a flexible line for connection
to an anchorage at one end to hang vertically or for connection to anchorages at
both ends to stretch horizontally and which serves as a means for connecting
other components of a personal fall arrest system to the anchorage.
24-7.16: Opening means a gap or void 30 inches or more high and 18 inches or
more wide, in a wall or partition, through which employees can fall to a lower
level.
24-7.17: Personal fall arrest system means a system used to arrest an employee
in a fall from a working level. It consists of an anchorage, connectors, a body
belt or body harness and may include a lanyard, deceleration device, lifeline, or
suitable combinations of these. As of January 1, 1998, the use of a body belt for
fall arrest is prohibited.
24-7.18: Positioning device system means a body belt or body harness system
rigged to allow an employee to be supported on an elevated vertical surface,
such as a wall, and work with both hands free while leaning
24-7.19: Qualified person means one with a recognized degree or professional
certificate and extensive knowledge and experience in the subject field who is
capable of design, analysis, evaluation and specifications in the subject work,
project, or product
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247.20: Retractable lifeline means a fall arrest device that allows free travel
without slack rope, but locks instantly when a fall begins.
24-7.21: Rope grab means a deceleration device that travels on a lifeline and
automatically, by friction, engages the lifeline and locks so as to arrest the fall of
an employee. A rope grab usually employs the principle of inertial locking,
cam/level locking, or both.
24-7.22: Safety-monitoring system means a safety system in which a competent
person is responsible for recognizing and warning employees of fall hazards.
24-7.23: Self-retracting lifeline/lanyard means a deceleration device containing
a drum-wound line that can be slowly extracted from, or retracted onto, the
drum under slight tension during normal employee movement, and which, after
onset of a fall, automatically locks the drum and arrests the fall.
24-7.24: Snaphook means a connector comprised of a hook-shaped member
with a normally closed keeper, or similar arrangement, which may be opened to
permit the hook to receive an object and, when released, automatically closes
to retain the object. Snaphooks are generally one of two types:
1.
The locking type with a self-closing, self-locking keeper which remains closed and locked
until unlocked and pressed open for connection or disconnection; or
2.
The non-locking type with a self-closing keeper that remains closed until pressed open
for connection or disconnection. As of January 1, 1998, the use of a non-locking
snaphook as part of personal fall arrest systems and positioning device systems is
prohibited.
24-7.25:Toeboard means a low protective barrier that will prevent the fall of
materials and equipment to lower levels and provide protection from falls for
personnel.
24-7.26: Walking/Working surface means any surface, whether horizontal or
vertical on which an employee walks or works, including, but not limited to,
floors, roofs, ramps, bridges, runways, formwork and concrete reinforcing steel
but not including ladders, vehicles, or trailers, on which employees must be
located in order to perform their job duties.
24-7.27: Warning line system means a barrier erected on a roof to warn
employees that they are approaching an unprotected roof side or edge, and
which designates an area in which roofing work may take place without the use
of guardrail, body belt, or safety net systems to protect employees in the area
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24-7.28: Work area means that portion of a walking/working surface where job
duties are being performed.
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Sub-Section # 25: Driver Safety - HM 232 SECURITY PLAN
25-1: Purpose:
This plan is to cover the current and potential security threats that are associated with
our industry and to inform the company and employees of the proper steps to take in
order to insure their complete security. The plan will also discuss the company’s training
requirements in accordance with the Federal Motor Carries Safety Administration
(FMCSA) part 172 which addresses HM 232.
26-2: Potential Threats:
1.
Leaving Truck unattended while loaded with any hazardous materials.
2.
Leaving the passenger side door unlocked while in transit.
3.
Parking in a poorly lit areas.
4.
Leaving keys in truck when empty or loaded if truck is not locked in a secured area
either by a gate or fully enclosed building.
5.
Taking a route that you are not certain of when transporting hazardous materials.
26-3: Training / Background Checks:
Vast Construction has put together a computer based training program that meets the
requirements of the FMCSA in respect to the HM 232 rule and all CDL Drivers are
required to complete the course with a satisfactory score before they will be allowed to
transport any material. Vast Construction also utilizes a third party company to conduct
a complete background check on all employees, not only CDL drivers that will be
working for the company. Vast Construction LLC. requires each CDL Driver to repeat the
HM 232 training each year in order to stay up to date and refreshed on the security
needs.
26-4: Unauthorized Access:
Vast Construction LLC. does not allow any non employed persons to ride on or in any
company equipment at any time. When a truck is to be left for any period of time, the
truck should be locked and the driver should retain the keys on his or her person at all
times in order to prevent any unauthorized access to the truck.
26-5: Security Measures to take While in Transit and Storage:
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Vast Construction requires all drivers, while in transit carrying hazardous materials to
keep the passenger side door locked at all times. Drivers are also to stay to designated
routes when transporting any material. Materials that are to be stored for any length of
time should be in a fully secured location, meaning that they are locked up in order to
prevent any outside contact or theft.
26-6: Shipping Papers:
Computer based training module to be completed during new hire orientation and
updated yearly by January 31st.
26-7: Proper Placarding:
Computer based training module to be completed during new hire orientation and
updated yearly by January 31st.
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Sub-Section # 26: OFFICE SAFETY
26-1: Purpose:
The purpose of this program is to provide the guidance to office managers and
office staff on the elements of safe office work. The office is like any other work
environment in that I may present potential health and safety hazards. Most of
these, however, may be minimized or eliminated by designing jobs and work
places properly and by taking into account differences among tasks and
individuals. The following inadequate environmental conditions should be
considered:
1.
Noise
2.
Temperature
3.
Humidity
4.
Pollutants such as chemical vapors released from new carpeting and furniture
26-2: Responsibilities
Management is responsible for training office staff in:
5.
Emergency Procedures
6.
Electrical Safety
7.
Office Ergonomics
8.
Ensuring office equipment is in safe working order
9.
Proper storage for office supplies
Office staff is responsible for:
1.
Reporting all safety problems immediately
2.
Not attempting to repair any office equipment or systems
3.
Maintaining a neat and sanitary office environment
26-3: Noise Hazards
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Noise can be defined very simple as unwanted sound. Whether a sound is
classified as noise or not depends mostly on personal preferences. The most
common effects of noise can interfere with the following:
1.
2.
3.
Communication
1.
It may be difficult to talk on the phone when other people are talking nearby.
2.
Speech is likely to interfere with communications if the speakers have similar voices.
Annoyance
1.
Noise can decrease performance or increase errors in some task situations.
2.
If task requires a great deal of mental concentration, noise can be detrimental to
performance.
3.
There is some indication that unexpected or unpredictable noise can have more of an
effect than continuous or periodic noise. The annoyance caused by noise also depends
on the individual.
Distraction
1.
Loud noise can be distracting and can temporarily interrupt activities.
2.
A sudden noise, such as dropping a heavy object, can also be very distracting.
26-4: Reducing Noise
Many unexpected noises cannot be controlled, as when someone accidentally
drops something. For many of the annoying sounds in the office environment,
the following measures are useful for reducing the level of noise or its effects.
1.
Select the quietest equipment if possible. When there is a choice between two or more
products, sound levels should be included as a consideration for purchase and use.
2.
Provide proper maintenance of equipment, such as lubrication and tightening of loose parts that
can cause noise.
3.
Locate loud equipment in areas where its effects are less detrimental. For example, place impact
printers away from areas where people must use the phone.
4.
Use barrier walls or dividers to isolate noise sources. Use of buffers or acoustically-treated
materials can absorb noise that might otherwise travel further. Rubber pads to insulate vibrating
equipment can also help reduce noise.
5.
Enclose equipment, such as printers, with acoustical covers or housings.
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6.
Schedule noisy tasks at times when it will have less of an effect on the other tasks in the office.
26-5: Electrical Safety
The following should apply to Electrical Safety:
1.
Electric cords should be examined on a routine basis for faying and exposed wiring. Particular
attention should be paid to connections behind furniture, since files and bookcases may be
pushed tightly against electric outlets, severely bending the cord at the plug.
2.
Electrical appliances must be designed and used in accordance with UL requirements.
3.
The use of extension cords should be as follows:
1.
Extension cords shall be used only in situations where fixed wiring is not feasible.
2.
Extension cords shall be kept in good repair, free from defects in their insulation. They
should not be kinked, knotted, abraded or cut.
3.
Extension cords shall be placed so they do not present a tripping or slipping hazard.
4.
Extension cords shall not be placed through doorways having doors that can be closed,
and thereby damage the cord.
5.
All extension cords shall be of the grounding type (three conductor).
26-6: Housekeeping
Good Housekeeping is an important element of accident prevention in offices
because of the following:
1.
Poor housekeeping may lead to fires, injuries to personnel or unhealthy working conditions.
2.
Mishaps caused by dropping heavy cartons and other related office equipment and supplies,
could also be a source of serious injuries to personnel.
3.
Passageways in offices should be free and clear of obstructions. Proper layout, spacing and
arrangement of equipment, furniture and machinery are essential.
4.
Aisles within the office should be clearly defined and kept free of obstructions. Materials shall
not be stored so that they project into aisles or passageways in a manner that could cause
persons to trip or could hinder emergency evacuation.
5.
Chairs, files, bookcases and desks must be replaced or repaired if they become damaged.
Damaged chairs can be especially hazardous. Filing cabinet drawers should always be kept
closed when not in use. Heavy files should be placed in the bottom file drawers. Materials
stored within supply rooms must be neatly stacked and readily reached by adequate aisles. Care
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should be taken to stack materials so they will not topple over. Under no circumstances will
materials be stacked within 18 inches of ceiling fire sprinkler heads or Halon nozzles.
26-7: Computer Work Stations
The following should be considered in all Computer Work Stations:
1.
Complaints of muscular-skeletal problems relating to neck, shoulders, back, arms, hands and
occasionally legs are common. Characteristics of VDT jobs have been identified and associated
with increased risk of muscular-skeletal problems. These include:
1.
Design of workstation.
2.
Nature of the task.
3.
Repetitiveness of the job.
4.
Degree of postural constraint.
5.
Work pace.
6.
Work/Rest schedules.
7.
Personal attributes of individual workers.
2.
The key to comfort is in maintaining the body in a relaxed, natural position. The ideal work
position is to have the arms hanging relaxed from the shoulders. If a keyboard is used, arms
should be bent at right angles at the elbow, with the hands held in a straight line with forearms
and elbows close to the body. The head should be in line with the body and slightly forward.
3.
Apply the following when working with Display Screens:
4.
1.
The top of the Display Screen should be at, or just slightly below, eye level. This allows
the eyes to view the screen at a comfortable level, without having to tilt the head or
move the back muscles.
2.
Control glare at the source whenever possible. Place VDT so that it is parallel to direct
sources of light such as windows and overhead lights. Use window treatments if
necessary. When glare sources cannot be removed, seek appropriate screen treatments
such as glare filters.
3.
Keep the screen clean.
The chair is usually the most important piece of furniture that affects user comfort in offices.
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1.
5.
6.
Adjust for comfort, making sure the back is supported and that the seat pan is at a
height so that the thighs are horizontal and feet are flat on the floor. An ergonomically
sound chair requires four degrees of freedom:
1.
Seat pan tilt
2.
Backrest angle
3.
Seat height
4.
Backrest height
2.
Operators can then vary the chair adjustments according to the task. In general, chairs
with the most easily adjustable dimensions permit the most flexibility to support
people’s preferred sitting postures.
3.
Armrests on chairs are recommended for most office work except where they interfere
with the task. Resting arms on armrests is a very effective way to reduce arm
discomforts. Armrests should be sufficiently short and low to allow workers to get close
enough to their work surfaces, especially for tasks that require fixed arm postures above
the work station.
The work surface height should fit the task.
1.
Place surface height where the work may be performed in such a manner as to keep
arms low and close to the body in relation to the task.
2.
If working height is too high, the shoulders or the upper arms have to be lifted to
compensate, it may lead to painful symptoms and cramps at the level of the neck and
shoulders.
3.
If working height is too low, the back must be excessively bowed, which may cause
backache.
4.
Work should be done at about elbow height, whether sitting or standing.
5.
Adjustable work stations should be provided so that individuals may change the stations
to meet their needs.
6.
A VDT workstation without an adjustable keyboard height and without an adjustable
height and distance of the screen, is not suitable for continuous work.
Work/Rest Schedules should be as follows:
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1.
Design the computer operator’s work so that tasks requiring concentrated work at the
terminal are alternated with non-computer based tasks throughout the workday to
avoid stress and fatigue.
2.
A short break (5-10 minutes) should be taken at least once each hour when involved in
continuous work at the computer.
3.
Additional measures that will aid in reducing discomfort while working with VDTs
include:
1.
Change position, stand up or stretch whenever you start to feel tired.
2.
Use soft touch on the keyboard and keep your shoulders, hands and fingers
relaxed.
3.
Use document holder, positioned at about the same plan and distance as the
display screen.
4.
Rest your eyes by occasionally looking off into the distance.
26-8: Office Lighting
Different tasks require different levels of lighting. Lighting needs vary from time
to time and person to person.
1.
Areas in which intricate work is performed require greater illumination than warehouses.
2.
Use adjustable task lighting that can provide needed illumination without increasing general
lighting.
3.
Task lamps are very effective to supplement the general office light levels for those who require
or prefer additional light. Some task lamps permit several light levels. Since task lamps are
controlled by the individual, they can accommodate personal preferences.
26-9: Indoor Air Quality
Indoor air quality (IAQ) is an increasingly important issue in the work
environment. The study of indoor air quality and pollutant levels within office
environments is a complex problem. The complexity of studying and measuring
the quality of office environments arises from various factors including:
1.
Office building floor plans are frequently changing to accommodate increasingly more
employees and reorganization.
2.
Office buildings frequently undergo building renovations such as installation of new carpet,
modular office partitions, free-standing offices, and painting.
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3.
Many of the health symptoms appearing are vague and common both to the office and home
environment.
4.
In general, very little data on pollutant levels within office environments is available.
5.
Guidelines or standards for permissible personal exposure limits to pollutants within office
buildings are very limited.
1.
Many times odors are associated with chemical contaminants from inside or outside the
office space, or from the building fabric. This is particularly noticeable following building
renovation or installation of new carpeting.
2.
Out gassing from such things as paints, adhesives, sealants, office furniture, carpeting
and vinyl wall coverings is the source of a variety of irritant compounds.
3.
In most cases, these chemical contaminants can be measured at levels above ambient
(normal background) but far below any existing occupational evaluation criteria.
26-10: Waste Disposal
Office personnel should carefully handle and properly dispose of hazardous
materials.
1.
Waste receptacle containing broken glass should be labeled to warn maintenance personnel of
the potential hazard.
2.
Waste receptacle containing hazardous material should be labeled to warn maintenance
personnel of the potential hazard.
26-11: Chemical Safety
Each office employee must be made aware of all hazardous materials they may
contact in their work area.
The Hazard Communication Program includes:
1.
Written program
2.
Material Safety Data Sheets for each hazardous substance used
3.
Specific safe handling, use and disposal
4.
Employee training
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26-12: Emergency Action Plans
Emergency Action Plans are designed to control events and minimize the
affects. Through careful pre-planning, establishment of Emergency Action
Teams, training and drills, employees can be safeguarded and potential for
damage to Company assets minimized. Emergency Action Plans include:
1.
Exits routes, meeting areas and employee accounting
2.
Emergency evacuation, incident command and notification to emergency services
3.
Personal injury and property damage
4.
Protection of Company information, both hard copy and electronic media
5.
Bomb threats and facility security
6.
First Aid Response
7.
Use of fire extinguishers
8.
Emergency Action Team Members (supervisors, receptionist/telephone operators and key
assigned members) should be trained with quarterly reviews and drills.
9.
Semi-annual drills with all employees should be conducted to assure effectiveness.
10.
First Aid Kits or First Aid supplies with First Aid Providers should be available.
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Sub-Section # 27: HEAT STRESS PREVENTION
27-1: Purpose
The following information has been collected from the National Institute for
Occupational Safety an Health (NIOSH). The purpose of this program is to provide
guidance for protecting employees from hazards of high heat conditions and to provide
information on engineering, administrative and PPE controls. Being uncomfortable is
not the major problem with working in high temperatures and humidities. Workers who
are suddenly exposed to working in a hot environment face additional and generally
avoidable hazards to their safety and health.
27-2: Responsibilities
Management:
1.
Provide information to workers on signs of heat stress
2.
Provide means of preventing heat stress and other heat related health hazards
27-3: Hazard Control
1.
27-3.1: Engineering Controls:
Ensure all inside areas have adequate ventilation
2.
Provide shaded awnings for outside work when possible
3.
Provide portable ventilation when possible
27-3.2: Administrative Controls:
1.
Provide training to all affected employees
2.
Provide adequate and sanitary drinking facilities and utensils
3.
Rotate workers during high heat operations
27-4: Protective Equipment
Provide cooling PPE when appropriate
27-5: How the Body Handles Heat
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The human body, being warm blooded, maintains a fairly constant internal
temperature,even though it is being exposed to varying environmental temperatures.
To keep internal body temperatures within safe limits, the body must get rid of its
excess heat, primarily through varying the rate and amount of blood circulation through
the skin and the release of fluid onto the skin by the sweat glands. These automatic
responses usually occur when the temperature of the blood exceeds 98.6oF and are
kept in balance and controlled by the brain. In this process of lowering internal body
temperature, the heart begins to pump more blood, blood vessels expand to
accommodate the increased flow, and the microscopic blood vessels (capillaries) which
thread through the upper layers of the skin begin to fill with blood. The blood circulates
closer to the surface of the skin, and the excess heat is lost to the cooler environment. If
heat loss from increased blood circulation through the skin is not adequate, the brain
continues to sense overheating and signals the sweat glands in the skin to shed large
quantities of sweat onto the skin surface. Evaporation of sweat cools the skin,
eliminating large quantities of heat from the body. As environmental temperatures
approach normal skin temperature, cooling of the body becomes more difficult. If air
temperature is as warm as or warmer than the skin, blood brought to the body surface
cannot lose its heat. Under these conditions, the heart continues to pump blood to the
body surface, the sweat glands pour liquids containing electrolytes onto the surface of
the skin and the evaporation of the sweat becomes the principal effective means of
maintaining a constant body temperature. Sweating does not cool the body unless the
moisture is removed from the skin by evaporation. Under conditions of high humidity,
the evaporation of sweat from the skin is decreased and the body's efforts to maintain
an acceptable body temperature may be significantly impaired. These conditions
adversely affect an individual's ability to work in the hot environment. With so much
blood going to the external surface of the body, relatively less goes to the active
muscles, the brain, and other internal organs; strength declines; and fatigue occurs
sooner than it would otherwise. Alertness and mental capacity also may be affected.
Workers who must perform delicate or detailed work may find their accuracy suffering,
and others may find their comprehension and retention of information lowered.
27-6: Safety Problems
Certain safety problems are common to hot environments. Heat tends to promote
accidents due to the slipperiness of sweaty palms, dizziness, or the fogging of safety
glasses. Wherever there exists molten metal, hot surfaces, steam, etc., the possibility of
burns from accidental contact also exists. Aside from these obvious dangers, the
frequency of accidents, in general, appears to be higher in hot environments than in
more moderate environmental conditions. One reason is that working in a hot
environment lowers the mental alertness and physical performance of an individual.
Increased body temperature and physical discomfort promote irritability, anger, and
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other emotional states which sometimes cause workers to overlook safety procedures
or to divert attention from hazardous tasks.
27-7: Health Problems
Excessive exposure to a hot work environment can bring about a variety of heat-induced
disorders.
27-8: Heat Stroke
Heat stroke is the most serious of health problems associated with working in hot
environments. It occurs when the body's temperature regulatory system fails and
sweating becomes inadequate. The body's only effective means of removing excess heat
is compromised with little warning to the victim that a crisis stage has been reached. A
heat stroke victim's skin is hot, usually dry, red or spotted. Body temperature is usually
105_F or higher, and the victim is mentally confused, delirious, perhaps in convulsions,
or unconscious. Unless the victim receives quick and appropriate treatment, death can
occur. Any person with signs or symptoms of heat stroke requires immediate
hospitalization. However, first aid should be immediately administered. This includes
removing the victim to a cool area, thoroughly soaking the clothing with water, and
vigorously fanning the body to increase cooling. Further treatment at a medical facility
should be directed to the continuation of the cooling process and the monitoring of
complications which often accompany the heat stroke. Early recognition and treatment
of heat stroke are the only means of preventing permanent brain damage or death.
27-9: Heat Exhaustion
Heat exhaustion includes several clinical disorders having symptoms which may
resemble the early symptoms of heat stroke. Heat exhaustion is caused by the loss of
large amounts of fluid by sweating, sometimes with excessive loss of salt. A worker
suffering from heat exhaustion still sweats but experiences extreme weakness or
fatigue, giddiness, nausea, or headache. In more serious cases, the victim may vomit or
lose consciousness. The skin is clammy and moist, the complexion is pale or flushed, and
the body temperature is normal or only slightly elevated. In most cases, treatment
involves having the victim rest in a cool place and drink plenty of liquids. Victims with
mild cases of heat exhaustion usually recover spontaneously with this treatment. Those
with severe cases may require extended care for several days. There are no known
permanent effects.
CAUTION: Persons with heart problems or those on a low sodium diet who work in hot
environments should consult a physician about what to do under these conditions.
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27-10: Heat Cramps
Heat cramps are painful spasms of the muscles that occur among those who sweat
profusely in heat, drink large quantities of water, but do not adequately replace the
body's salt loss. The drinking of large quantities of water tends to dilute the body's
fluids, while the body continues to lose salt. Shortly thereafter, the low salt level in the
muscles causes painful cramps. The affected muscles may be part of the arms, legs, or
abdomen, but tired muscles (those used in performing the work) are usually the ones
most susceptible to cramps. Cramps may occur during or after work hours and may be
relived by taking salted liquids by mouth.
27-11: Fainting
A worker who is not accustomed to hot environments and who stands erect and
immobile in the heat may faint. With enlarged blood vessels in the skin and in the lower
part of the body due to the body's attempts to control internal temperature, blood may
pool there rather than return to the heart to be pumped to the brain. Upon lying down,
the worker should soon recover. By moving around, and thereby preventing blood from
pooling, the patient can prevent further fainting. Heat Rash Heat rash, also known as
prickly heat, is likely to occur in hot, humid environments where sweat is not easily
removed from the surface of the skin by evaporation and the skin remains wet most of
the time. The sweat ducts become plugged, and a skin rash soon appears. When the
rash is extensive or when it is complicated by infection, prickly heat can be very
uncomfortable and may reduce a worker's performance. The worker can prevent this
condition by resting in a cool place part of each day and by regularly bathing and drying
the skin.
27-12: Transient Heat Fatigue
Transient heat fatigue refers to the temporary state of discomfort and mental or
psychological strain arising from prolonged heat exposure. Workers unaccustomed to
the heat are particularly susceptible and can suffer, to varying degrees, a decline in task
performance, coordination, alertness, and vigilance. The severity of transient heat
fatigue will be lessened by a period of gradual adjustment to the hot environment (heat
acclimatization).
27-13: Preparing for the Heat
One of the best ways to reduce heat stress on workers is to minimize heat in the
workplace. However, there are some work environments where heat production is
difficult to control, such as when furnaces or sources of steam or water are present in
the work area or when the workplace itself is outdoors and exposed to varying warm
weather conditions. Humans are, to a large extent, capable of adjusting to the heat. This
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adjustment to heat, under normal circumstances, usually takes about 5 to 7 days, during
which time the body will undergo a series of changes that will make continued exposure
to heat more endurable. On the first day of work in a hot environment, the body
temperature, pulse rate, and general discomfort will be higher. With each succeeding
daily exposure, all of these responses will gradually decrease, while the sweat rate will
increase. When the body becomes acclimated to the heat, the worker will find it
possible to perform work with less strain and distress. Gradual exposure to heat gives
the body time to become accustomed to higher environmental temperatures. Heat
disorders in general are more likely to occur among workers who have not been given
time to adjust to working in the heat or among workers who have been away from hot
environments and who have gotten accustomed to lower temperatures. Hot weather
conditions of the summer are likely to affect the worker who is not acclimatized to heat.
Likewise, workers who return to work after a leisurely vacation or extended illness may
be affected by the heat in the work environment. Whenever such circumstances occur,
the worker should be gradually reaccilmatized to the hot environment.
27-14: Lessening Stressful Conditions
Many industries have attempted to reduce the hazards of heat stress by introducing
engineering controls, training workers in the recognition and prevention of heat stress,
and implementing work-rest cycles. Heat stress depends, in part, on the amount of heat
the worker's body produces while a job is being performed. The amount of heat
produced during hard, steady work is much higher than that produced during
intermittent or light work. Therefore, one way of reducing the potential for heat stress
is to make the job easier or lessen its duration by providing adequate rest time.
Mechanization of work procedures can often make it possible to isolate workers from
the heat sources (perhaps in an air-conditioned booth) and increase overall productivity
by decreasing the time needed for rest. Another approach to reducing the level of heat
stress is the use of engineering controls which include ventilation and heat shielding.
27-15: Number and Duration of Exposures
Rather than be exposed to heat for extended periods of time during the course of a job,
workers should, wherever possible, be permitted to distribute the workload evenly over
the day and incorporate work-rest cycles. Work-rest cycles give the body an opportunity
to get rid of excess heat, slow down the production of internal body heat, and provide
greater blood flow to the skin. Workers employed outdoors are especially subject to
weather changes. A hot spell or a rise in humidity can create overly stressful conditions.
The following practices can help to reduce heat stress:
1.
Postponement of nonessential tasks
2.
Permit only those workers acclimatized to heat to perform the more strenuous tasks
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3.
Provide additional workers to perform the tasks keeping in mind that all workers should have
the physical capacity to perform the task and that they should be accustomed to the heat.
27-16: Thermal Conditions in the Workplace
A variety of engineering controls can be introduced to minimize exposure to heat. For
instance, improving the insulation on a furnace wall can reduce its surface temperature
and the temperature of the area around it. In a laundry room, exhaust hoods installed
over those sources releasing moisture will lower the humidity in the work area. In
general, the simplest and least expensive methods of reducing heat and humidity can be
accomplished by:
1.
Opening windows in hot work areas
2.
Using fans
3.
Using other methods of creating airflow such as exhaust ventilation or air blowers.
27-17: Rest Areas
Providing cool rest areas in hot work environments considerably reduces the stress of
working in those environments. There is no conclusive information available on the ideal
temperature for a rest area. However, a rest area with a temperature near 76 degrees F
appears to be adequate and may even feel chilly to a hot, sweating worker, until
acclimated to the cooler environment. The rest area should be as close to the workplace
as possible. Individual work periods should not be lengthened in favor of prolonged rest
periods. Shorter but frequent work-rest cycles are the greatest benefit to the worker.
27-18: Drinking Water
In the course of a day's work in the heat, a worker may produce as much as 2 to 3
gallons of sweat. Because so many heat disorders involve excessive dehydration of the
body, it is essential that water intake during the workday be about equal to the amount
of sweat produced. Most workers exposed to hot conditions drink less fluids than
needed because of an insufficient thirst drive. A worker, therefore, should not depend
on thirst to signal when and how much to drink. Instead, the worker should drink 5 to 7
ounces of fluids every 15 to 20 minutes to replenish the necessary fluids in the body.
There is no optimum temperature of drinking water, but most people tend not to drink
warm or very cold fluids as readily as they will cool ones. Whatever the temperature of
the water, it must be palatable and readily available to the worker. Individual drinking
cups should be provided----never use a common drinking cup. Heat acclimatized
workers lose much less salt in their sweat than do workers who are not adjusted to the
heat. The average American diet contains sufficient salt for acclimatized workers even
when sweat production is high. If, for some reason, salt replacement is required, the
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best way to compensate for the loss is to add a little extra salt to the food. Salt tablets
should not be used.
CAUTION: Persons with heart problems or those on a low sodium diet who work in hot
environments should consult a physician about what to do under these conditions.
27-19: Protective Clothing
Clothing inhibits the transfer of heat between the body and the surrounding
environment. Therefore, in hot jobs where the air temperature is lower than skin
temperature, wearing clothing reduces the body's ability to lose heat into the air. When
air temperature is higher than skin temperature, clothing helps to prevent the transfer
of heat from the air to the body. However, this advantage may be nullified if the clothes
interfere with the evaporation of sweat. In dry climates, adequate evaporation of sweat
is seldom a problem. In a dry work environment with very high air temperatures,
protective clothing could be an advantage to the worker. The proper type of clothing
depends on the specific circumstance. Certain work in hot environments may require
insulated gloves, insulated suits, reflective clothing, or infrared reflecting face shields.
For extremely hot conditions, thermally- conditioned clothing is available. One such
garment carries a self-contained air conditioner in a backpack, while another is
connected a compressed air source which feeds cool air into the jacket or coveralls
through a vortex tube. Another type of garment is a plastic jacket which has pockets
that can be filled with dry ice or containers of ice.
27-20: Employee Awareness
The key to preventing excessive heat stress is educating the employer and worker on
the hazards of working in heat and the benefits of implementing proper controls and
work practices. The employer should establish a program designed to acclimatize
workers who must be exposed to hot environments and provide necessary work-rest
cycles and water to minimize heat stress.
27-21: Special Considerations
During unusually hot weather conditions lasting longer than 2 days, the number of heat
illnesses usually increases. This is due to several factors, such as progressive body fluid
deficit, loss of appetite (and possible salt deficit), buildup of heat in living and work
areas, and breakdown of air-conditioning equipment. Therefore, it is advisable to make
a special effort to adhere rigorously to the above preventive measures during these
extended hot spells and to avoid any unnecessary or unusual stressful activity. Sufficient
sleep and good nutrition are important for maintaining a high level of heat tolerance.
Workers who may be at a greater risk of heat illnesses are the obese, the chronically ill,
and older individuals. When feasible, the most stressful tasks should be performed
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during the cooler parts of the day (early morning or at night). Double shifts and
overtime should be avoided whenever possible. Rest periods should be extended to
alleviate the increase in the body heat load. The consumption of alcoholic beverages
during prolonged periods of heat can cause additional dehydration. Persons taking
certain medications (e.g., medications for blood pressure control, diuretics, or water
pills) should consult their physicians in order to determine if any side effects could occur
during excessive heat exposure. Daily fluid intake must be sufficient to prevent
significant weight loss during the workday and over the workweek.
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Sub-Section # 28: HAZWOPER/RCRA PROGRAM SITE SAFETY PLAN
28-1: SUBJECT:
Hazardous Waste Operations & Emergency Response Program (HAZWOPER)
28-2: REGULATORY STANDARD: OSHA - 29 CFR 1910.120
28-2.1: BASIS: Hazardous Waste is a serious safety and health problem that continues to
endanger human and animal life and environmental quality. Unless hazardous waste is
properly treated, stored, or disposed of properly, it will continue to do great harm to
our environment. There are an estimated 575,000 existing chemical products, and
hundreds of new ones being introduced annually. This poses a serious problem for
exposed workers and their employer. The OSHA HAZWOPER Standard covers workers
employed in cleanup operations at uncontrolled hazardous waste sites and at EPAlicensed waste treatment, storage, and disposal (TSD) facilities; as well as workers
responding to emergencies involving hazardous materials.
28-2.2: GENERAL: Vast Construction will ensure that the hazards of all wastes used
within our facility are evaluated, and that operational procedures are developed and
information concerning their hazards is transmitted to all employees. This standard
practice instruction is intended to address comprehensively the issues of; evaluating the
potential hazards of wastes, communicating information concerning these hazards, and
establishing appropriate operating procedures and protective measures for employees.
28-2.3: RESPONSIBILITY: The Company Safety Officer is solely responsible for all facets of
this program and has full authority to make necessary decisions to ensure success of the
program. The Safety Officer will develop written detailed instructions covering each of
the basic elements in this program, and is the sole person authorized to amend these
instructions. The Safety Officer has authority to halt any operation where there is
danger of serious personal injury. This policy includes respiratory hazards.
28-3: Contents of the HAZWOPER Program
1.
Written Program.
2.
Purpose.
3.
Safety and Health Program.
4.
Site Excavation.
5.
Contractors and Sub-Contractors.
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6.
Program Availability.
7.
Organizational Structure Part of a Site Program.
8.
Comprehensive Work plan Part of a Site Program.
9.
Site-Specific Safety and Health Plan.
10.
Site Characterization and Analysis.
11.
Training.
12.
Medical Surveillance.
13.
Engineering Controls, Work Practices, and PPE.
14.
Spill and Leak Prevention and Emergency Response.
15.
Containment for Specific Materials.
16.
Definitions.
28-3.1: Written program.:
Vast Construction will review and evaluate this standard practice instruction on
an annual basis, or when changes occur to 29 CFR 1910.120 that prompt
revision of this document, or when facility or site operational changes occur that
require a revision of this document. Effective implementation of this program
requires support from all levels of management within this company. This
written program will be communicated to all personnel that are affected by it. It
encompasses the total workplace, regardless of number of workers employed or
the number of work shifts. It is designed to establish clear goals, and objectives.
28-3.2: Purpose:
This company will maintain a HAZWOPER program because it has been
determined that there is a reasonable possibility for employee exposure to
safety or health hazards associated with hazardous waste. This standard
practice instruction will provide an operational framework for Emergency
response operations for releases of, or substantial threats of releases of,
hazardous substances without regard to the location of the hazard.
28-3.3: Safety and health program:
This employer shall develop and implement a written safety and health program
for employees involved in hazardous waste operations. The program shall be
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designed to identify, evaluate, and control safety and health hazards, and
provide for emergency response for hazardous waste operations. The written
safety and health program shall incorporate as a minimum the following:
1.
An organizational structure.
2.
A comprehensive work plan.
3.
A site-specific safety and health plan, which need not repeat standard practice instructions
developed elsewhere.
4.
A safety and health training program.
5.
A medical surveillance program.
6.
This employer's standard practice instructions for safety and health.
7.
Any necessary interface between general program and site specific activities.
28-3.4: Site excavation:
Site excavations created during initial site preparation or during hazardous
waste operations shall be shored or sloped as appropriate to prevent accidental
collapse in accordance with subpart P of 29 CFR part 1926.
28-3.5: Contractors and sub-contractors:
Should this employer retain contractor or sub-contractor services for work in
hazardous waste operations this company shall inform those contractors, subcontractors, or their representatives of the site emergency response procedures
and any potential fire, explosion, health, safety or other hazards of the
hazardous waste operation that have been identified by this employer, including
those identified in this employer's information program.
28-3.6: Program availability:
The company written safety and health program shall be made available to:
1.
Contractor or subcontractor or their representative who will be involved with the hazardous
waste operation.
2.
All associated employees and their designated representatives.
3.
OSHA personnel.
4.
Authorized personnel of other Federal, state, or local agencies with regulatory authority over
the site.
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28-3.7: Organizational structure part of a site program:
1.
2.
The organizational structure part of the program shall establish the specific chain of command
and specify the overall responsibilities of supervisors and employees. It shall include, at a
minimum, the following elements:
1.
Incident commander as general supervisor will have responsibility and authority to
direct all hazardous waste operations.
2.
Project Safety Manager as site safety and health supervisor will have the responsibility
and authority to develop and implement the site safety and health plan and verify
compliance.
3.
All other personnel needed for hazardous waste site operations and emergency
response and their general functions and responsibilities.
4.
The lines of authority, responsibility, and communication.
The organizational structure shall be reviewed and updated as necessary to reflect the current
status of waste site operations.
28-3.8: Comprehensive work plan part of a site program.
This employer will develop a comprehensive work plan that shall address the
tasks and objectives of the site operations and the logistics and resources
required to reach those tasks and objectives. The work plan shall:
1.
Address anticipated clean-up activities as well as normal operating procedures which need not
repeat this employer's procedures available elsewhere.
2.
Define work tasks and objectives and identify the methods for accomplishing those tasks and
objectives.
3.
Establish personnel requirements for implementing the plan.
4.
The work plan shall provide for the implementation of the training required by worker involved
in site activities.
5.
The work plan shall provide for the implementation of the required informational programs
required workers involved in site activities.
6.
The work plan shall provide for the implementation of a medical surveillance program required
workers involved in site activities.
7.
Post emergeny response will be done in accordance with 1910.120 (q) (11) (ii) and the site plan
will be followed.
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28-3.9: Site-specific safety and health plan.
This employer will develop a site safety and health plan, which will be kept on
site. The plan will address the safety and health hazards of each phase of site
operation and include the requirements and procedures for employee
protection. The site safety and health plan, as a minimum, shall address the
following:
1.
A safety and health risk or hazard analysis for each site task and operation found in the work
plan.
2.
Employee training assignments to assure compliance with the training section of this instruction.
3.
Personal protective equipment to be used by employees for each of the site tasks and
operations being conducted as required by the personal protective equipment program.
4.
Medical surveillance requirements.
5.
Frequency and types of air monitoring, personnel monitoring, and environmental sampling
techniques and instrumentation to be used, including methods of maintenance and calibration
of monitoring and sampling equipment to be used.
6.
Site control measures.
7.
Decontamination procedures.
8.
Emergency response plan meeting the requirements for safe and effective responses to
emergencies, including the necessary PPE and other equipment.
9.
Confined space entry procedures.
10.
Spill containment requirements.
11.
Pre-entry briefing. The site specific safety and health plan will provide for pre-entry briefings to
be held prior to initiating any site activity, and at such other times as necessary to ensure that
employees are apprised of the site safety and health plan and that this plan is being followed.
The information and data obtained from site characterization and analysis will be used to
prepare and update the site safety and health plan.
12.
Effectiveness of site safety and health plan. Inspections shall be conducted by the site safety and
health supervisor or, in his/her absence, the Incident Commander who is knowledgeable in
occupational safety and health, acting on behalf of this employer as necessary to determine the
effectiveness of the site safety and health plan. Any deficiencies in the effectiveness of the site
safety and health plan shall be corrected by this employer.
28-3.10: Site characterization and analysis.
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The site shall be evaluated in accordance with this standard practice instruction
to identify specific site hazards and to determine the appropriate safety and
health control procedures needed to protect employees from the identified
hazards. The following requirements apply:
2.
1.
Preliminary evaluation. A preliminary evaluation of a site's characteristics shall
be performed prior to site entry in order to aid in the selection of appropriate
employee protection methods prior to site entry. Immediately after initial site
entry, a more detailed evaluation of the site's specific characteristics shall be
performed in order to further identify existing site hazards and to further aid in
the selection of the appropriate engineering controls and personal protective
equipment for the tasks to be performed.
2.
Hazard identification. All suspected conditions that may pose inhalation or skin
absorption hazards that are immediately dangerous to life or health (IDLH), or
other conditions that may cause death or serious harm, shall be identified
during the preliminary survey and evaluated during the detailed survey.
Examples of such hazards include, but are not limited to:
1.
Confined space entry.
2.
Explosive or flammable situations
3.
Visible vapor clouds.
4.
Areas where biological or environmental indicators such as dead
animals or vegetation are located.
Required information. The following information to the extent available shall be
obtained by this employer prior to allowing employees to enter a site:
1.
Location and approximate size of the site.
2.
Description of the response activity and/or the job task to be performed.
3.
Duration of the planned employee activity.
4.
Site topography and how accessible.
5.
Safety/health hazards expected at the site.
6.
Pathways for hazardous substance dispersion.
7.
Present status and capabilities of emergency response teams that would
provide assistance to hazardous waste clean-up site employees at the time of an
emergency.
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8.
3.
4.
Hazardous substances and health hazards involved or expected at the site, and
their chemical and physical properties.
Personal protective equipment. Personal protective equipment (PPE) shall be provided
and used during initial site entry in accordance with the following requirements:
1.
Based upon the results of the preliminary site evaluation, an ensemble of PPE
shall be selected and used during initial site entry which will provide protection
to a level of exposure below permissible exposure limits and published exposure
levels for known or suspected hazardous substances and health hazards, and
which will provide protection against other known and suspected hazards
identified during the preliminary site evaluation. If there is no permissible
exposure limit or published exposure level, this employer may use other
published studies and information as a guide to appropriate personal protective
equipment.
2.
If positive-pressure self-contained breathing apparatus is not used as part of the
entry ensemble, and if respiratory protection is warranted by the potential
hazards identified during the preliminary site evaluation, an escape selfcontained breathing apparatus of at least five minute's duration shall be carried
by employees during initial site entry.
3.
If the preliminary site evaluation does not produce sufficient information to
identify the hazards or suspected hazards of the site, an ensemble providing
protection equivalent to Level B PPE shall be provided as minimum protection,
and direct reading instruments shall be used as appropriate for identifying IDLH
conditions.
4.
Once the hazards of the site have been identified, the appropriate PPE shall be
selected and used in accordance with the engineering controls, work practices,
and PPE for employee protection section of this instruction.
Monitoring. The following monitoring shall be conducted during initial site entry when
the site evaluation produces information that shows the potential for ionizing radiation
or IDLH conditions, or when the site information is not sufficient reasonably to eliminate
these possible conditions:
1.
Monitoring with direct reading instruments for hazardous levels of ionizing
radiation.
2.
Monitoring the air with appropriate direct reading test equipment (i.e.,
combustible gas meters, detector tubes) for IDLH and other conditions that may
cause death or serious harm (combustible or explosive atmospheres, oxygen
deficiency, toxic substances).
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3.
Visually observing for signs of actual or potential IDLH or other dangerous
conditions.
5.
Air monitoring program. An ongoing air monitoring program will be implemented after
site characterization has determined the site is safe for the start-up of operations.
6.
Risk identification. Once the presence and concentrations of specific hazardous
substances and health hazards have been established, the risks associated with these
substances shall be identified. Employees who will be working on the site shall be
informed of any risks that have been identified. In situations covered by the Hazard
Communication Standard, 29 CFR 1910.1200, training required by that standard will not
be duplicated. Risks to be considered include, but are not limited to:
1.
Exposures exceeding the permissible exposure limits and published exposure
levels.
2.
IDLH concentrations and toxicological properties of each substance known or
expected to be Potential skin absorption and irritation sources.
3.
Potential eye irritation sources.
4.
Explosion sensitivity and flammability ranges.
5.
Oxygen deficiencies.
7.
Employee notification. Any information concerning the chemical, physical, present on
site that is available to this employer and relevant to the duties an employee is expected
to perform shall be made available to the affected employees prior to the
commencement of their work activities. This employer may elect to utilize information
developed for the hazard communication standard for this purpose.
8.
Site control. Appropriate site control procedures will be implemented to control
employee exposure to hazardous substances before clean-up work begins.
9.
Site control program. A site control program for protecting employees which is part of
this employer's site safety and health program will be developed during the planning
stages of a hazardous waste clean-up operation and modified as necessary as new
information becomes available. Elements of the site control program. Where these
requirements are covered elsewhere they will not be repeated with just cause. The site
control program will, as a minimum, include:
1.
A site map.
2.
Site work zones.
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3.
The use of a "buddy system".
4.
Site communications including alerting means for emergencies.
5.
The standard practice instructions or safe work practices.
6.
Identification of the nearest medical assistance.
28-3.11: Training
All employees working on site (such as but not limited to equipment operators,
general laborers and others) exposed to hazardous substances, health hazards,
or safety hazards and their supervisors and management responsible for the site
shall receive training before they are permitted to engage in hazardous waste
operations that could expose them to hazardous substances, safety, or health
hazards, and they shall receive review training as specified in this paragraph.
Employees shall not be permitted to participate in or supervise field activities
until they have been trained to a level required by their job function and
responsibility. Elements to be covered include the following:
10.
Names of personnel and alternates responsible for site safety and health.
11.
Safety, health and other hazards present on the site.
12.
Use of personal protective equipment.
13.
Work practices by which the employee can minimize risks from hazards.
14.
Safe use of engineering controls and equipment on the site.
15.
Medical surveillance requirements, including recognition of symptoms and signs which
might indicate overexposure to hazards.
16.
The contents of the site safety and health plan.
17.
Initial training requirements for hazardous waste clean-up sites.
28-3.12: Staff:
1.
Routine site employees
1.
40 hours initial
2.
24 hours field
3.
8 hours annual refresher
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2.
3.
4.
5.
6.
Routine site employees
1.
24 hours initial (Minimal exposure)
2.
8 hours field
3.
8 hours annual refresher
Non-routine site employees
1.
24 hours initial
2.
8 hours field
3.
8 hours annual refresher
Supervisors/Managers of Routine site employees
1.
40 hours initial
2.
24 hours field
3.
8 hours HAZWASTE Mgmt.
4.
8 hours annual refresher
Routine site employees
1.
24 hours initial (minimal exposure)
2.
8 hours field
3.
8 hours HAZWASTE Mgmt.
4.
8 hours annual refresher
Non-routine site employees
1.
24 hours initial
2.
8 hours field
3.
8 hours HAZWASTE Mgmt.
4.
8 hours annual refresher
Initial training requirements for treatment, storage, and disposal sites.
Staff
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1.
General site employees
1.
24 hours initial or equiv.
2.
8 hours annual refresher
2.
Emergency Response personnel Trained to a level of competency
3.
Annual refresher
Initial training requirements for emergency response staff:
Level 1 - First responder Sufficient training or (awareness level)
proven experience in specific competencies, annual refresher
Level 2 - First responder Level 1 competency and 8 hours
(operations level) initial or proven experience in specific
competencies annual refresher
Level 3 - HAZMAT technician 24 hours of level 2 and proven
experience in specific competencies, annual refresher
Level 4 - HAZMAT specialist 24 hours of level 3 and proven
experience in specific competencies, annual refresher
Level 5 - On scene commander 24 hours of level 2 and additional
competencies, annual refresher
28-4: Definitions
28-4.1: Level 1 - First responder. Witnesses or discovers a release of hazardous
materials and who are trained to notify the proper authorities.
28-4.2: Level 2 - First responder. Responds to releases of hazardous substances
in a defensive manner, without trying to stop the releases.
28-4.3: Level 3 - HAZMAT Technician. Responds aggressively to stop releases of
hazardous substances.
28-4.4: Level 4 - HAZMAT Specialist. Responds with and in support of HAZMAT
technicians, but who have specific knowledge of various hazardous substances.
28-4.5: Level 5 - On-scene Commander. Assumes control of the incident scene
beyond the first-responder awareness level.
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28-4.6: Qualifications for trainers. Trainers used by this company shall be
qualified to instruct employees about the subject matter that is being presented
in training. Such trainers shall have satisfactorily completed a training program
for teaching the subjects they are expected to teach, or they shall have the
academic credentials and instructional experience necessary for teaching the
subjects. Instructors shall demonstrate competent instructional skills and
knowledge of the applicable subject matter.
28-4.7: Training certification. Employees and supervisors that have received
and successfully completed the training and field experience shall be certified by
their instructor or the head instructor and trained supervisor as having
successfully completed the necessary training. A written certificate shall be
given to each person so certified. Any person who has not been so certified or
who does not meet the requirements for entering the site shall be prohibited
from engaging in hazardous waste operations.
28-4.8: Emergency response. Employees who are engaged in responding to
hazardous emergency situations at hazardous waste clean-up sites that may
expose them to hazardous substances shall be trained in how to respond to
such expected emergencies.
28-4.9: Refresher training. Employees, managers and supervisors will receive
eight hours of refresher training annually (any critique of incidents that have
occurred in the past year that can serve as training examples of related work,
and other relevant topics).
28-4.10: Equivalent training. Equivalent training includes any academic training
or the training that existing employees might have already received from actual
hazardous waste site work experience. Employee's who can show by
documentation or certification that their work experience and/or training has
resulted in training equivalent to that training required for a 40 hour course will
not be required attend formal training. However, certified employees or
employees with equivalent training new to a site shall receive appropriate, site
specific training before site entry and have appropriate supervised field
experience at the new site.
28-5: Medical surveillance:
The employer when engaged in hazardous waste operations specified section 2 of this
standard practice instruction will institute a medical surveillance program in accordance
with this section.
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1.
2.
3.
Employees covered. The medical surveillance program shall be instituted by this employer for
the following employees:
1.
All employees who are or may be exposed to hazardous substances or health hazards at
or above the permissible exposure limits or, if there is no permissible exposure limit,
above the published exposure levels for these substances, without regard to the use of
respirators, for 30 days or more a year, who wear a respirator for 30 days or more a
year or as required by 29 CFR
2.
All employees who are injured become ill or develop signs or symptoms due to possible
overexposure involving hazardous substances or health hazards from an emergency
response or hazardous waste operation.
3.
Members of HAZMAT teams.
Frequency of medical examinations and consultations. Medical examinations and consultations
shall be made available by this employer to each employee authorized on the following
schedules:
1.
Prior to assignment.
2.
At least once every twelve months for each employee covered unless the attending
physician believes a longer interval (not greater than biennially) is appropriate.
3.
At termination of employment or reassignment to an area where the employee would
not be covered if the employee has not had an examination within the last six months.
4.
As soon as possible upon notification by an employee that the employee has developed
signs or symptoms indicating possible overexposure to hazardous substances or health
hazards, or that the employee has been injured or exposed above the permissible
exposure limits or published exposure levels in an emergency situation.
5.
At more frequent times, if the examining physician determines that an increased
frequency of examination is medically necessary.
For authorized employees who may have been injured, received a health impairment,
developed signs or symptoms which may have resulted from exposure to hazardous substances
resulting from an emergency incident, or exposed during an emergency incident to hazardous
substances at concentrations above the permissible exposure limits or the published exposure
levels without the necessary personal protective equipment being used:
1.
As soon as possible following the emergency incident or development of signs or
symptoms.
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2.
4.
At additional times, if the examining physician determines that follow-up examinations
or consultations are medically necessary.
Content of medical examinations and consultations.
1.
Medical examinations will include a medical and work history (or updated history if one
is in the employee's file) with special emphasis on symptoms related to the handling of
hazardous substances and health hazards, and to fitness for duty including the ability to
wear any required PPE under conditions (i.e., temperature extremes) that may be
expected at the work site.
2.
The content of medical examinations or consultations made available to employees will
be determined by the attending physician. (The guidelines in the Occupational Safety
and Health Guidance Manual for Hazardous Waste Site Activities should be consulted).
5.
Examination by a physician and costs. All medical examinations and procedures performed by or
contracted through this employer will be performed by or under the supervision of a licensed
physician, preferably one knowledgeable in occupational medicine, and shall be provided
without cost to the employee, without loss of pay, and at a reasonable time and place.
6.
Information provided to the physician. This employer will provide one copy of 29 CFR 1910.120
any appendices to the attending physician, and in addition the following for each employee:
7.
1.
A description of the employee's duties as they relate to the employee's exposures.
2.
The employee's exposure levels or anticipated exposure levels.
3.
A description of any personal protective equipment used or to be used.
4.
Information from previous medical examinations of the employee which is not readily
available to the examining physician.
5.
Information required by 29 CFR 1910.134.
Physician's written opinion. This employer shall obtain and furnish the employee with a copy of
a written opinion from the attending physician containing the following:
1.
The physician's opinion as to whether the employee has any detected medical
conditions which would place the employee at increased risk of material impairment of
the employee's health from work in hazardous waste operations or emergency
response, or from respirator use.
2.
The physician's recommended limitations upon the employee's assigned work.
3.
The results of the medical examination and tests if requested by the employee.
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8.
4.
A statement that the employee has been informed by the physician of the results of the
medical examination and any medical conditions which require further examination or
treatment.
5.
The written opinion obtained by this employer shall not reveal specific findings or
diagnoses unrelated to occupational exposures.
Recordkeeping. An accurate record of the medical surveillance shall be retained. This record
shall be retained for the period specified and meet the criteria of 29 CFR 1910.20. The record
will include at least the following information:
1.
The name and social security number of the employee.
2.
Physician’s written opinions, recommended limitations, and results of examinations and
tests.
3.
Any employee medical complaints related to exposure to hazardous substances.
4.
A copy of the information provided to the examining physician by this employer, with
the exception of 29 CFR 1910.120 and any appendices.
28-6: Engineering controls, work practices, and personal protective equipment for employee
protection.
This company will ensure that engineering controls, work practices, personal protective
equipment, or a combination of these will be implemented in accordance with 29 CFR
1910, subparts G and Z. Engineering controls and work practices will be instituted to
reduce and maintain employee exposure to or below the permissible exposure limits,
except to the extent that such controls and practices are not feasible.
28-6.1: General spill procedure:
1.
In the event of a spill the following general steps are to be taken:
1.
Determine source and nature of spill.
2.
Based on chemical information available from personal knowledge, technical data or
MSD Sheets, don protective equipment. IF YOU ARE UNSURE OF THE PROPER
PROCEDURES, EQUIPMENT OR GENERAL SAFETY ACTIONS, DO NOT ATTEMPT TO
REMEDIATE THE SPILL. NEVER PLACE YOURSELF OR OTHERS IN DANGER DURING AN
EMERGENCY SITUATION.
3.
Try to stop the spill at the source.
4.
Contain the spill with absorbent material (e.g. booms) if possible.
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5.
Notify your immediate supervisor.
6.
Your supervisor will notify Safety.
7.
A Spill Report must be completed.
28-6.2: LIQUID SPILL PROCEDURE:
*** LIQUID ***
1,1,1, Trichloroethane, Methyl Ethyl Ketone, Toluene, Mineral Spirits, Refined Oil
Spill Response:
1.
Don protective equipment: Gloves, Goggles, Boots, Apron, Respirator or self-contained
breathing apparatus (Scott Air Pack). Test explosive limit and oxygen content of air with a meter.
Do not go into enclosed area without first testing the air!
2.
KEEP ALL SOURCES OF FLAME, HEAT OR SPARK AWAY!!
3.
Stop leak or spill and contain it if possible. Do not take unnecessary risks.
4.
Notify Primary Emergency Coordinator. The Primary Emergency Coordinator will handle
delegation of responsibility for spill clean up.
COMPLETE SPILL REPORT AND FORWARD TO YOUR SUPERVISOR
28-7: Definitions:
28-7.1: Buddy system means a system of organizing employees into work groups in such
a manner that each employee of the work group is designated to be observed by at
least one other employee in the work group. The purpose of the buddy system is to
provide rapid assistance to employees in the event of an emergency.
28-7.2: Clean-up operation means an operation where hazardous substances are
removed, contained, incinerated, neutralized, stabilized, cleared-up, or in any other
manner processed or handled with the ultimate goal of making the site safer for people
or the environment.
28-7.3: Decontamination means the removal of hazardous substances from employees
and their equipment to the extent necessary to preclude the occurrence of foreseeable
adverse health affects.
28-7.4: Emergency response corresponding to emergencies means a response effort by
employees from outside the immediate release area or by other designated responders
(i.e., mutual-aid groups, local fire departments, etc.) to an occurrence which results, or
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is likely to result, in an uncontrolled release of a hazardous substance. Responses to
incidental releases of hazardous substances where the substance can be absorbed,
neutralized, or otherwise controlled at the time of release by employees in the
immediate release area, or by maintenance personnel are not considered to be
emergency responses within the scope of this standard. Responses to releases of
hazardous substances where there is no potential safety or health hazard (i.e., fire,
explosion, or chemical exposure) are not considered to be emergency responses.
28-7.5: Facility means (A) any building, structure, installation, equipment, pipe or
pipeline (including any pipe into a sewer or publicly owned treatment works), well, pit,
pond, lagoon, impoundment, ditch, storage container, motor vehicle, rolling stock, or
aircraft, or (B) any site or area where a hazardous substance has been deposited, stored,
disposed of, or placed, or otherwise come to be located; but does not include any
consumer product in consumer use or any water-borne vessel.
28-7.6: Hazardous materials response (HAZMAT) team means an organized group of
employees, designated by this employer, who are expected to perform work to handle
and control actual or potential leaks or spills of hazardous substances requiring possible
close approach to the substance. The team members perform responses to releases or
potential releases of hazardous substances for the purpose of control or stabilization of
the incident. A HAZMAT team is not a fire brigade nor is a typical fire brigade a HAZMAT
team. A HAZMAT team, however, may be a separate component of a fire brigade or fire
department.
28-7.7: Hazardous substance means any substance designated or listed under
paragraphs (A) through (D) of this definition, exposure to which results or may result in
adverse affects on the health or safety of employees:
1.
Any substance defined under section 101(14) of CERCLA.
2.
Any biological agent and other disease-causing agent which after release into the
environment and upon exposure, ingestion, inhalation, or assimilation into any person,
either directly from the environment or indirectly by ingestion through food chains, will
or may reasonably be anticipated to cause death, disease, behavioral abnormalities,
cancer, genetic mutation, physiological malfunctions (including malfunctions in
reproduction) or physical deformations in such persons or their offspring.
3.
Any substance listed by the U.S. Department of Transportation as hazardous materials
under 49 CFR 172.101 and appendices.
28-7.8: Hazardous waste as herein defined - Hazardous waste means
1.
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Waste or combination, as defined in 40 CFR 261.3.
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2.
Substances defined as hazardous wastes in 49 CFR 171.8.
28-7.9: Hazardous waste operation means any operation conducted within the scope of
29 CFR 1910.120.
28-7.10: Hazardous waste site or Site means any facility or location within the scope of
29 CFR 1910.120 at which hazardous waste operations take place.
28-7.11: Health hazard means a chemical, mixture of chemicals or a pathogen for which
there is statistically significant evidence based on at least one study conducted in
accordance with established scientific principles that acute or chronic health effects may
occur in exposed employees. The term "health hazard" includes chemicals which are
carcinogens, toxic or highly toxic agents, reproductive toxins, irritants, corrosives,
sensitizers, heptaotoxins, nephrotoxins, neurotoxins, agents which act on the
hematopoietic system, and agents which damage the lungs, skin, eyes, or mucous
membranes. It also includes stress due to temperature extremes. Further definition of
the terms used above can be found in appendix A to 29 CFR 1910.1200.
28-7.12: IDLH or Immediately dangerous to life or health means an atmospheric
concentration of any toxic, corrosive or asphyxiant substance that poses an immediate
threat to life or would cause irreversible or delayed adverse health effects or would
interfere with an individual's ability to escape from a dangerous atmosphere.
28-7.13: Oxygen deficiency means that concentration of oxygen by volume below which
atmosphere supplying respiratory protection must be provided. It exists in atmospheres
where the percentage of oxygen by volume is less than 19.5 percent oxygen.
28-7.14: Permissible exposure limit means the exposure, inhalation or dermal
permissible exposure limit specified in 29 CFR part 1910, subparts G and Z.
28-7.15: Published exposure level means the exposure limits published in "NIOSH
Recommendations for Occupational Health Standards" dated 1986 incorporated by
reference, or if none is specified, the exposure limits published in the standards
specified by the American Conference of Governmental Industrial Hygienists in their
publication "Threshold Limit Values and Biological Exposure Indices for 1987-88" dated
1987 incorporated by reference.
28-7.16: Post emergency response means that portion of an emergency response
performed after the immediate threat of a release has been stabilized or eliminated and
clean-up of the site has begun. If post emergency response is performed by an
employer's own employees who were part of the initial emergency response, it is
considered to be part of the initial response and not post emergency response.
However, if a group of an employer's own employees, separate from the group
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providing initial response, performs the clean-up operation, then the separate group of
employees would be considered to be performing post-emergency response.
28-7.17: Qualified person means a person with specific training, knowledge and
experience in the area for which the person has the responsibility and the authority to
control.
28-7.18: Site safety and health supervisor (or official) means the individual located on a
hazardous waste site who is responsible to this employer and has the authority and
knowledge necessary to implement the site safety and health plan and verify
compliance with applicable safety and health requirements.
28-7.19: Small quantity generator means a generator of hazardous wastes who in any
calendar month generates no more than 1,000 kilograms (2,205 pounds) of hazardous
waste in that month.
28-7.20: Uncontrolled hazardous waste site means an area identified as an uncontrolled
hazardous waste site by a governmental body, whether Federal, state, local or other
where an accumulation of hazardous substances creates a threat to the health and
safety of individuals or the environment or both. Some sites are found on public lands
such as those created by former municipal, county or state landfills where illegal or
poorly managed waste disposal has taken place. Other sites are found on private
property, often belonging to generators or former generators of hazardous substance
wastes. Examples of such sites include, but are not limited to, surface impoundments,
landfills, dumps, and tank or drum farms. Normal operations at TSD sites are not
covered by this definition.
28-8: GENERAL SITE SAFETY PLAN
28-8.1: INTRODUCTION :
Vast Construction, LLC will conduct environmental and industrial vacuuming
support on a routine basis as part of remedial activities within industrial and
commercial facilities. There will also be other environmental activities such as
sample collection, core drilling, heavy equipment operation, repackaging of
wastes, and high-pressure water blasting within the refineries in which this
Health and Safety Plan will be used. This Health and Safety Plan establishes
guidelines and requirements for the safety of field personnel during field
activities associated within the refineries incidental to all environmentally
related projects.
28-8.2: SERVICES:
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1.
Vast Construction, LLC will provide sampling activities on a periodic basis
utilizing methods identified by authorized representatives at each refinery.
Where no specified methodology exists, Vast Construction, LLC will use
good engineering practices to obtain these samples.
2.
Vast Construction, LLC will provide vacuum services for various
miscellaneous plant activities including towers, vessels, sumps, separators
and others units involved in daily plant operations.
3.
Vast Construction, LLC will provide tank cleaning services within the refinery
on a periodic basis which may include high pressure water blasting,
chemical circulation, packaging of wastes, and transportation and disposal.
4.
Vast Construction, LLC will provide environmental subsurface soil sampling
services on a periodic basis utilizing truck mounted drilling rigs. Pond
sampling will also be performed from small manned floating devices (boat).
5.
Vast Construction, LLC will provide other activities related to environmental
projects within the refinery which may include excavation of soils
(hazardous and non- hazardous), spill cleanup and surveying services in the
refinery.
28-8.3: CHEMICAL SAFETY AND HEALTH HAZARDS:
There are many circumstances in refineries that could indicate the presence of a
wide variety of chemical hazards to field personnel. For this reason all personnel
required to perform sampling, vacuuming or cleaning activities will be required
to be certified to work at hazardous waste sites according to OSHA
requirements for RCRA facilities as stated in 29 CFR, Chapter XVIII, Part
1910.120. The primary wastes of concern at refineries are as follows:
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1.
EPTOX Metals (primarily lead and chromium)
2.
Reactive Materials (primarily sulfides and cyanides)
3.
Total Hydrocarbons (mixtures of many aromatic compounds) These may
include;
1.
Benzene,
2.
Toluene,
3.
Xylenes,
4.
Phenols,
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5.
Corrosives, which include;
1.
6.
Caustics, these may include;
1.
7.
Acids (primarily sulfuric acid)
Sodium hydroxides Ammonia (gas and liquid)
Polynuclear Aromatic Hydrocarbons, which include;
1.
Naphthalene
2.
Benzo (a) anthracene
3.
Polychlorinated Biphenyls (PCB’s)
These are primarily found in electrical equipment such as capacitors and
transformers. The principal hazard with these materials is their toxic (acute and
chronic), reactive, flammable and corrosive characteristics. Other wastes are
present in addition to those previously mentioned. Their exact chemical make
up is currently unknown. However, it may be safely assumed that they are
hazardous materials from a health and fire and safety stand point. None of
these chemicals are expected to be present in concentrations to warrant taking
of extreme precautions. However, personnel working on site could have the
potential of being exposed to low concentrations of these chemicals through
inhalation of affected ambient air, ingestion, or absorption through the skin
from contact with affected soils, water or wastes. Many of these potential risks
can be reduced or eliminated with the use of appropriate personal protective
equipment. Each area where vacuuming and/or sampling activities will take
place will be identified with zones in which protective equipment will be used.
28-8.4: HOT ZONE:
The hot zone is defined as the area within the actual work area, which presents
the greatest potential of exposure by a known or suspected physical or chemical
hazard. Each Hot Zone may have one or more of these hazards. Prior to and
during the performance of any activities within this area, all of the known and
suspected physical and/or chemical hazards will be identified.
1.
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Protective Clothing, Polyethylene coated tyvek coveralls neoprene steel
toe and shanked boots, outer disposable booty, and ankles must be
taped. These are minimum standards and may be changed to include
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additional safety equipment if conditions arise that would necessitate
this action.
2.
Respiratory Protection Level “C” protection (demand type respirator
with disposable cartridges). If contamination is known or suspected,
work activities will be conducted in level “C” protection, provided
breathing zone organic vapor concentrations do not exceed 25 ppm, the
vapors will be tested with additional sampling equipment to verify the
presence of benzene. If benzene is not present, work activities will
resume. The air purifying respirators should be full face and be supplied
with a combination organic vapor, acid gas, and high efficiency
particulate (HEPA) filter cartridge if dusty conditions exist. Level “B”
protection (SCBA or airline respirator with 5 minute egress bottle) Level
“B” protection will be required if organic vapors exceed 500 ppm total
or 25 ppm benzene. Level “B” protection will also be required if there is
<19.5% or > 23.5% oxygen in the ambient air or >5 ppm H2S.
28-8.5: Instrumentation and Monitoring
1.
A four-gas portable gas-monitoring instrument will be used for
air monitoring during all phases of work if necessary. This
instrument is capable of monitoring ambient air for
organic/combustible vapors in ppm and LEL% ranges, Oxygen%
concentration, Hydrogen sulfide (H2S) in ppm, and Carbon
Monoxide in ppm, simultaneously and continuously.
The following action levels will be enforced:
Condition Action:
>19.5% oxygen Continue Work in Level C
<5ppm H2S or CO <25 ppm organic vapors ** Sample area for benzene
>25 ppm but <500 ppm Organic vapors ** If benzene is present in
Continue work in Level C
Concentrations <25 ppm ** Stop Work, escalate to
<19.5% oxygen Level B (supplied air)
>5ppm H2S or CO >500 ppm organic vapors OR ** If benzene is present
in Stop Work and escalate to Concentrations >25ppm Level B (supplied
air)
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If any of the above components dictate the use of Level B respiratory
protection, the ambient air will be continuously monitored for
combustible atmospheres. The following chart delineates the
procedures to be taken.
Explosiometer <10% LEL Continue Work
Explosiometer >10% <40% LEL Ventilate, Stop Source
Explosiometer >40% LEL Evacuate Area
Warm Zone
1.
Protective Clothing - For work to be conducted outside the Hot
Zone, the following should be used:
1.
Polyethylene coated tyvek coveralls; neoprene steel toed
and shanked boots, outer disposable booties, surgical
gloves under outer neoprene gloves and hardhat. Wrists
and ankles must be taped. If a full-face respirator is not
used, a face shield attached to the hard hat shall be used.
2.
If confined space entry is required, all the following will be
used:
1.
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Acid suit with attached hood, a polyethylene coated
tyvek coverall will be worn under the acid suit. The
hood may be on the tyvek. All exposed skin should
be covered by protective clothing or respirator. All
openings should be carefully taped, especially at the
waists, ankles, and neck area. Include also:
neoprene steel toed and shanked boots, outer
disposable booties, surgical gloves under outer
neoprene gloves and hardhat.
3.
Respiratory Protection - Work conducted outside the Hot
Zone will be conducted in various levels of protection and
will depend on the work activity and ambient atmospheric
conditions.
4.
If open containers of waste are present or work within the
work area, level “C” will be required.
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5.
If odors are noted inside the respirator, an upgrade to level
“B” will be required. Cartridges for the respirators should be
combination for organic vapor and acid gases. SCBA or
airline respirator with 5-minute egress bottle will be
required for level “B”. Level “B” will be required for all work
conducted inside confined spaces.
INSTRUMENTATION AND MONITORING - GAS TECH 4320 HSCO (or equivalent)
portable air monitor will be used for air monitoring during all phases of work
whenever it is deemed necessary. Some sampling activities will require the use of a
small manned boat. Whenever this is necessary, all personnel will be required to
wear a USCG approved Type II PFD at all times while working over water. Whenever
personnel are in these boats, the ambient air will be monitored at all times. In
addition, the boat will be secured with rope and tied to a fixed object onshore at all
times while personnel are performing their duties. As a minimum, there must be 1 ½
persons on shore for each person in the boat should an emergency arise
necessitating assistance from shore. Whenever level B respiratory protection is used
due to concentrations of hydrocarbons, the area will be continually monitored for
combustible gases for LEL%.
The following action levels will be used:
1.
Less than 10% LEL Continue Work
2.
Greater than 10% <40% LEL Identify Cause and Stop Source
3.
Greater than 40% LEL Evacuate Area
28-9: PERSONNEL DECONTAMINATION
Skin absorption from chemicals is not a major concern for most areas within the
refineries. Although this risk is minimal, all personnel involved in activities that could
potentially expose them to absorbable chemicals will be required to wear at a minimum,
disposable poly coated Tyvek coveralls, latex inner surgical gloves, PVC outer gloves, and
neoprene boots with all cuffs taped to form a seal at these areas. Whenever situations
arise that skin absorption from suspected chemicals pose a risk, appropriate measures
will be taken and additional protective equipment will be used, which will vary
depending on the type and concentration of these identified chemicals. To remove
contamination from a finger or hand (less than 10% body surface) immediately and
thoroughly wash with water then swab the area promptly and repeatedly with a
washcloth soaked in a solution of mild detergent and water, and if possible immerse the
body part directly in the solution. If a larger body area has been contaminated, rush to
remove all contaminated clothing under the shower, continue decontamination with
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repeated swabbing or spraying with water and detergent if available. Monitor vital signs
and rush to emergency room. Administer CPR if needed.
A personnel decontamination station will be established near the work site and in away
to minimize exposure to uncontaminated employees and monitored by site safety. This
station shall include 2-boot wash and rinse buckets, a trashcan for disposables, and face
and hands wash and rinse. A large washtub shall be provided for deconing personnel
acid suits. All wash water and disposables shall be disposed of in a proper manner. A
large supply of water, or a fire hose or garden hose shall be kept at the hot line of the
decontamination station. This decontamination station will be used by all employees
leaving the contaminated area. This area shall be used for decontamination water, as
well as emergency shower when regular showers and change room maybe used then
they will be provided. In addition emergency eyewash shall be located here.
Decontamination solutions shall be made up of water and a mild detergent suitable for
decontamination. No unauthorized personel shall remove protective clothing or
equipment from the change area.
28-10: WORK PRACTICES
Eating, drinking and smoking shall be prohibited at all times on site. However, drinking
shall be permitted after employees have completed decontamination procedures.
28-11: PERSONNEL
The Site Safety Officer will be responsible for instructing the work team in the Site
Health and Safety Plan and in supervising the implementation of the plan on-site. He will
be responsible for all personnel and environmental monitoring, including maintenance
of air quality monitoring equipment. Specific responsibilities include:
1.
Thoroughly understanding the site work plan.
2.
Verifying that site personnel have received proper training and participate in medical
surveillance programs
3.
Inspecting and maintaining safety equipment.
4.
Establishing work and decontamination zones.
5.
Performing ambient air quality monitoring as needed.
6.
Monitoring Site Health and Safety Plan as needed and notifying appropriate personnel of
changes.
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7.
Making regular and frequent inspections of the site, materials and equipment.
8.
Inspect and determine adequacy of emergency equipment.
The Site Safety Officer will have the authority and responsibility to shut down
operations, if necessary. The Site Safety Officer is also responsible for completing the
Site Specific Safety Plan and communicates all of the known or suspected hazards to all
employees involved in the project. This Site Specific Safety Plan will be completed for
each project and must be readily available along with the General Safety Plan at the
work site. All personnel are responsible for being familiar with, understanding and
complying with the Site Health and Safety Plan. Employees are responsible for reporting
any unsafe acts or conditions, safety incidents, accidents, injuries, or exposure, to the
Site Safety Officer. All personnel will actively participate in on going medical monitoring
and respiratory protection program.
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28-12: SITE SAFETY REVIEW FORM
I. General Information
A. Project Name: _______________________________________
B. Location: ___________________________________________
C. Project Number: _____________________________________
D. Client: _____________________________________________
II. Project Organization
A. Project Manager: ____________________________________
B. Operations Supervisor: ______________________________
C. Site Health and Safety Officer: _____________________
D. Site Foreman: _______________________________________
E. Client Representative: ______________________________
III. Site Safety Plan Preparation
A. Prepared by & Date: __________________________________
B. Reviewed by & Date: __________________________________
C. Amendments by & Date: ________________________________
IV. Site History & Description
A. Type of Site:
Spill _______ Hazardous Waste Site _______
Transportation Accident _______
Other (specify) _______________________________
Site Description: _______________________________________
__________________________________________________________
__________________________________________________________
__________________________________________________________
B. Previous Activities Performed On Site:
__________________________________________________________
__________________________________________________________
__________________________________________________________
C. Unusual Site Features or Physical Hazards:
__________________________________________________________
__________________________________________________________
__________________________________________________________
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D. Results of Previous Surveys (attach):
__________________________________________________________
__________________________________________________________
__________________________________________________________
E. Waste Types:
Liquid_______ Solid_______ Sludge_______ Gas/Vapors_______
F. Hazardous Characteristics:
Toxic________ Flammable/Volatile________ Reactive________
Radioactive_______ Corrosive_______ Ignitable______
Biological Agent________
G. Hazardous Materials (Known or Suspected):
_________________________________________________________________
_________________________________________________________________
H. Toxicity:
______________________________________________________________
______________________________________________________________
______________________________________________________________
I. Physical Hazards:
Heat ________ Cold _______ Noise ______ Radiation ______
Other (specify) ____________________
Comments: _______________________________________________
J. Weather: _______________________________________________
V. Site Organization and Control
A. Work areas identified: ________________________________________________
B. Decontamination areas identified: ______________________________________
C. Support area established: _____________________________________________
D. Site security established: ______________________________________________
E. Entry & escape routes identified: ________________________________________
F. Sketch of site available & attached: ______________________________________
VI. Job activities in Work Plan
A. Types of activities planned
1. Drum: Excavation_____ Sampling_____ Staging_____ Treatment_____ Disposal_____
2. Soil: Excavation____ Treatment____ Disposal____
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3. Water Treatment: _______________________________
4. Spill Cleanup: _________________________________
5. Well installation: _____________________________
6. Other (specify): _______________________________
B. Comments: __________________________________________________________________
_________________________________________________________________
_________________________________________________________________
_________________________________________________________________
VII. Education & Training
A. Site-specific training required: _______________
B. Type of Training:
______________________________________________________________________________
______________________________________________________________________________
______________________________________________________________________________
VIII. Medical Surveillance
A. Special medical monitoring required:____________
B. Description:
______________________________________________________________________________
______________________________________________________________________________
IX. Ambient Air Monitoring
A. Specific work requirements:_____________________________________________________
B. Equipment requirements: _______________________________________________________
X. Personnel Protection Requirements
A. Job activity: ___________________ Level _____________
Personal equipment required:
________________________________________________________________________
________________________________________________________________________
________________________________________________________________________
B. Job Activity: ___________________ Level _____________
Personal Equipment required:
________________________________________________________________________
________________________________________________________________________
________________________________________________________________________
C. Job Activity: ___________________ Level _____________
Personal equipment required:
________________________________________________________________________
________________________________________________________________________
________________________________________________________________________
XI. Safety Equipment List
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A. First Aid:
______________________________________________________________________________
______________________________________________________________________________
B. Fire Fighting:
______________________________________________________________________________
______________________________________________________________________________
C. Communications (radios/signs):
______________________________________________________________________________
______________________________________________________________________________
D. Personal Protective Equipment (SCBA, respirators/ cartridges, suits, boots, gloves, hard hats,
face shields, goggles, hearing protections, etc.):
______________________________________________________________________________
______________________________________________________________________________
______________________________________________________________________________
E. Decontamination Equipment:
______________________________________________________________________________
______________________________________________________________________________
______________________________________________________________________________
F. Sanitation: Latrines____ Showers____ Hand washing____
Comments:
________________________________________________________________________
________________________________________________________________________
________________________________________________________________________
XII. Decontamination Procedures
1.
Work activities: _______________________________
2.
Level of protection: ____________________________
3.
Decontamination solutions: ______________________
4.
Procedures (by station):
______________________________________________________________________________
______________________________________________________________________________
_____________________________________________________________________
XIII. Contingency Plans
A. Local sources of assistance:
1. Hospital: (name): _____________________________
(address): _____________________________
(phone): _____________________________
Directions:_______________________________________________________
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Travel Time: __________________________________
ATTACH A TRAVEL MAP
2. Ambulance (name & number): ___________________________________________
3. Fire Department (name & number): _______________________________________
4. Police (name & number): ________________________________________________
5. Site phone number: _____________________________________________________
B. National or Regional Sources of Assistance
1.
Vast Construction, LLC.........1-409-794-9995
2.
EPA Region V.........................1-312-353-2000
3.
Chemtrec (24 hours)..................1-800-424-9300
4.
Bureau of Explosives (24 hours)......1-202-293-4048 (Association of American Railroads)
5.
Communicative Disease Center.........1-404-633-5313 (Biological Agents)
6.
National Response Center, NRC........1-800-424-3802 (Oil/Hazardous Substances)
7.
DOT, Office of Hazardous Ops.........1-202-426-0656 DOT, (regulatory matters)............1202-426-9280
8.
U.S. Coast Guard.....................1-800-424-8802 (Major Incidents)....................1-202-4261830
9.
National Agricultural Chemical Assoc.1-513-961-4300
C. Special First Aid: ____________________________________
D. Evacuation Procedures:
______________________________________________________________________________
______________________________________________________________________________
______________________________________________________________________________
IV. Amendments to Site-specific Health & Safety Plan
1.
This Site-specific Health and Safety Plan is based on information available at the time of
preparation. Unexpected conditions may arise. It is important that personnel protective
measures be thoroughly assessed prior to and during the planned activities. Unplanned
activities and/or changes in the hazard status should initiate a review of major changes in this
plan.
2.
Changes in the hazard status or unplanned activities are to be submitted on “Amendments to
Site-specific Health and Safety Plan” which is included as Page _____ of this Plan.
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3.
Amendments must be approved by the writer prior to implementation of amendment. Changes
in field activities or hazards:
______________________________________________________________________________
______________________________________________________________________________
_____________________________________________________________________
Proposed Amendment:
___________________________________________________________________________
___________________________________________________________________________
___________________________________________________________________________
Proposed By: __________________________ Date: ______________
Approved By: __________________________ Date: ______________
Accepted: ______ Declined: ______ Dated: _________
Amendment Numbers: _______
Amendment Effective Date: _________
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Sub-Section #29: Safety Plan 2009
29-1: Zero Injuries / Incidents
In the effort to provide a safe and healthy work environment for our employees, Vast
Construction, LLC will conduct all company operations in adherence to established
accident prevention policies. We are committed to the prevention of injuries, illnesses
and damage to property, as well as to protect those who are affected by the activities of
the company.
All personnel are charged with the responsibility of preventing incidents and conditions
which could lead to accidents. While the success of our safety program depends on the
involvement of each individual, it is ultimately the role of management to provide a safe
place to work. This entails the implementation of sufficient safety and health
procedures which are rigorously enforced as a function of management. In addition,
continual training and education programs should serve as the foundation for a
successful safety program.
Our objective is to complete 2009 productively with zero injuries or incidents. Despite
successfully completing 2008 without a recordable injury, we did have several “close
calls”. The recognition of the causes of these incidents will direct our focus on improving
our performance in 2009. To facilitate this goal we will be focusing on the following key
points:
1.
A Safety/Production Incentive Program was implemented during the last
quarter of 2008. Safety infractions, injuries, and incidents will result in
ineligibility of individuals. The ineligibility will be weekly or for an entire month,
determined by the seriousness of the occurrence.
2.
Formal hazard recognition training for supervisors, at all levels, will be
conducted by a professional third party. The target date for this to be scheduled
will is within the second quarter.
3.
An increased emphasis on “Hazard Recognition”. This will be accomplished
through additional training, improving J.S.S.A. performance, and increased
involvement of workers in the safety audit process.
4.
In an effort to improve vehicle safety, we have purchased a computerized
driving simulator. This will initially be implemented with our vacuum truck
drivers.
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5.
Our Emergency/Disaster Plan was updated into a more concise action plan that
specifically addresses issues concerning this worksite.
6.
New employee orientation and training; new hires will complete thorough
indoctrination process that includes safety fundamentals, a review of the
appropriate SOP’s and MP’s, and a testing/evaluation process. New hires will be
strategically assigned, with regard to skill level, with crews in a manner which
minimizes the experienced/inexperienced ratio.
7.
Vast Construction and Client Safe Operating Procedures & Maintenance
Procedures will be reviewed throughout the year in training sessions, safety
meetings and on an as needed basis as it pertains to specific job assignments.
8.
Although not a new program for 2009, we will continue to apply a stringent job
auditing program which involves the participation of the workers, supervision
and safety personnel. Crucial to this effort is the immediate intervention when
an unsafe act or condition is observed, especially between peers. As customary,
both positive and negative audit findings are discussed in our scheduled safety
meetings, on Monday’s & Thursday’s.
9.
Consistent with last years Safety Plan, we will continue to encourage our
employees participate in “behavioral-based” safety programs, such as
intervention among peers and others, suggestions/feedback, and participation
in the safety meetings. Additionally, we will continue to train employees on the
“Watch My Back Observation” audit process, encouraging and monitoring their
participation.
Our goal is to complete 2009 injury and accident free and to demonstrate outstanding
success in the field of safety. This will serve to reflect the quality of supervision,
management and the workforce necessary to accomplish this achievement and can lead
to the success of the Company.
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Sub-Section # 30: FIRE PREVENTION PLAN
30-1: OBJECTIVE:
The purpose of this Fire Prevention Plan is to eliminate the causes of fire, prevent loss of life and
property by fire, and to comply with the Occupational Safety and Health Administration’s
(OSHA) standard on fire prevention, 29 CFR 1910.39. It provides employees with information
and guidelines that will assist them in recognizing, reporting, and controlling fire hazards.
30-2: BACKGROUND:
Vast Construction is committed to minimizing the threat of fire to employees, visitors, and
property. Vast Construction complies with all applicable laws, regulations, codes, and good
practices pertaining to fire prevention. Vast Constructions separate Emergency Action Plan
spells out the procedures for responding to fires. This Fire Prevention Plan serves to reduce the
risk of fires at Vast Construction/Location in the following ways:
1.
identifies materials that are potential fire hazards and their proper handling and storage
procedures;
2.
distinguishes potential ignition sources and the proper control procedures of those materials;
3.
describes fire protection equipment and/or systems used to control fire hazards;
4.
identifies persons responsible for maintaining the equipment and systems installed to prevent
or control ignition of fires;
5.
identifies persons responsible for the control and accumulation of flammable or combustible
material;
6.
describes good housekeeping procedures necessary to insure the control of accumulated
flammable and combustible waste material and residues to avoid a fire emergency; and
7.
provides training to employees with regard to fire hazards to which they may be exposed.
30-3: ASSIGNMENT OF RESPONSIBILITY:
Fire safety is everyone's responsibility. All employees should know how to prevent and respond
to fires, and are responsible for adhering to company policy regarding fire emergencies.
30-3.1: Management:
Management determines the Vast Constructions fire prevention and protection policies.
Management will provide adequate controls to provide a safe workplace, and will
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provide adequate resources and training to its employees to encourage fire prevention
and the safest possible response in the event of a fire emergency.
30-3.2: Plan Administrator:
Safety shall manage the Fire Prevention Plan for Vast Construction, and shall maintain
all records pertaining to the plan. The Plan Administrator shall also:
1.
Develop and administer the Vast Construction fire prevention training program.
2.
Ensure that fire control equipment and systems are properly maintained.
3.
Control fuel source hazards.
4.
Conduct fire risk surveys (see Appendix A) and make recommendations.
30-3.3: Supervisors:
Supervisors are responsible for ensuring that employees receive appropriate fire safety
training, and for notifying Responsible Person when changes in operation increase the
risk of fire. Supervisors are also responsible for enforcing Vast Construction fire
prevention and protection policies.
30-3.4: Employees:
All employees shall:
1.
Complete all required training before working without supervision.
2.
Conduct operations safely to limit the risk of fire.
3.
Report potential fire hazards to their supervisors.
4.
Follow fire emergency procedures.
30-4: PLAN IMPLEMENTATION:
30-4.1: Good Housekeeping:
To limit the risk of fires, employees shall take the following precautions:
1.
Minimize the storage of combustible materials.
2.
Make sure that doors, hallways, stairs, and other exit routes are kept free of
obstructions.
3.
Dispose of combustible waste in covered, airtight, metal containers.
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4.
Use and store flammable materials in well-ventilated areas away from ignition
sources.
5.
Use only nonflammable cleaning products.
6.
Keep incompatible (i.e., chemically reactive) substances away from each other.
7.
Perform “hot work” (i.e., welding or working with an open flame or other
ignition sources) in controlled and well-ventilated areas.
8.
Keep equipment in good working order (i.e., inspect electrical wiring and
appliances regularly and keep motors and machine tools free of dust and
grease.
9.
Ensure that heating units are safeguarded.
10.
Report all gas leaks immediately. Safety Department shall ensure that all gas
leaks are repaired immediately upon notification.
11.
Repair and clean up flammable liquid leaks immediately.
12.
Keep work areas free of dust, lint, sawdust, scraps, and similar material.
13.
Do not rely on extension cords if wiring improvements are needed, and take
care not to overload circuits with multiple pieces of equipment.
14.
Ensure that required hot work permits are obtained.
15.
Turn off electrical equipment when not in use.
30-4.2: Maintenance:
Safety will ensure that equipment is maintained according to manufacturers'
specifications. Vast Construction will also comply with requirements of the National Fire
Protection Association (NFPA) codes for specific equipment. Only properly trained
individuals shall perform maintenance work. all records will be maintained in the home
office. these records will include monthly vision inspections and annual maintenance.
The following equipment is subject to the maintenance, inspection, and testing
procedures:
1.
equipment installed to detect fuel leaks, control heating, and control pressurized systems;
2.
portable fire extinguishers, automatic sprinkler systems, and fixed extinguishing systems;
3.
detection systems for smoke, heat, or flame;
4.
fire alarm systems; and
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5.
emergency backup systems and the equipment they support.
30-5: TYPES OF HAZARDS:
The following sections address the major workplace fire hazards at Vast Construction’s
facilities and the procedures for controlling the hazards.
30-5.1: Electrical Fire Hazards:
Electrical system failures and the misuse of electrical equipment are leading causes of
workplace fires. Fires can result from loose ground connections, wiring with frayed
insulation, or overloaded fuses, circuits, motors, or outlets. To prevent electrical fires,
employees shall:
1.
Ensure that worn wires are replaced.
2.
Use only appropriately rated fuses.
3.
Never use extension cords as substitutes for wiring improvements.
4.
Use only approved extension cords [i.e., those with the Underwriters Laboratory (UL) or
Factory Mutual (FM) label].
5.
Check wiring in hazardous locations where the risk of fire is especially high.
6.
Check electrical equipment to ensure that it is either properly grounded or double
insulated.
7.
Ensure adequate spacing while performing maintentance.
30-5.2: Portable Heaters:
All portable heaters shall be approved by the Safety Department. Portable electric
heaters shall have tip-over protection that automatically shuts off the unit when it is
tipped over. There shall be adequate clearance between the heater and combustible
furnishings or other materials at all times.
30-5.3: Office Fire Hazards:
Fire risks are not limited to Vast Construction's industrial facilities. Fires in offices have
become more likely because of the increased use of electrical equipment, such as
computers and fax machines. To prevent office fires, employees shall:
8.
Avoid overloading circuits with office equipment.
9.
Turn off nonessential electrical equipment at the end of each workday.
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10.
Keep storage areas clear of rubbish.
11.
Ensure that extension cords are not placed under carpets.
12.
Ensure that trash and paper set aside for recycling is not allowed to accumulate.
30-5.4: Cutting, Welding, and Open Flame Work:
Safety Department will ensure the following:
13.
All necessary hot work permits have been obtained prior to work beginning.
14.
Cutting and welding are done by authorized personnel in designated cutting and
welding areas whenever possible.
15.
Adequate ventilation is provided.
16.
Torches, regulators, pressure-reducing valves, and manifolds are UL listed or FM
approved.
17.
Oxygen-fuel gas systems are equipped with listed and/or approved backflow valves and
pressure-relief devices.
18.
Cutters, welders, and helpers are wearing eye protection and protective clothing as
appropriate.
19.
Cutting or welding is prohibited in sprinklered areas while sprinkler protection is out of
service.
20.
Cutting or welding is prohibited in areas where explosive atmospheres of gases, vapors,
or dusts could develop from residues or accumulations in confined spaces.
21.
Cutting or welding is prohibited on metal walls, ceilings, or roofs built of combustible
sandwich-type panel construction or having combustible covering.
22.
Confined spaces such as tanks are tested to ensure that the atmosphere is not over ten
percent of the lower flammable limit before cutting or welding in or on the tank.
23.
Small tanks, piping, or containers that cannot be entered are cleaned, purged, and
tested before cutting or welding on them begins.
24.
Fire watch has been established.
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30-5.5: Flammable and Combustible Materials:
Safety shall regularly evaluate the presence of combustible materials at Vast
Construction (see Appendix) D. Certain types of substances can ignite at relatively low
temperatures or pose a risk of catastrophic explosion if ignited. Such substances
obviously require special care and handling.
30-5.5.1: Class A combustibles: These include common combustible materials
(wood, paper, cloth, rubber, and plastics) that can act as fuel and are found in nonspecialized areas such as offices. To handle Class A combustibles safely:
1.
Dispose of waste daily.
2.
Keep trash in metal-lined receptacles with tight-fitting covers (metal
wastebaskets that are emptied every day do not need to be covered).
3.
Keep work areas clean and free of fuel paths that could allow a fire to spread.
4.
Keep combustibles away from accidental ignition sources, such as hot plates,
soldering irons, or other heat- or spark-producing devices.
5.
Store paper stock in metal cabinets.
6.
Store rags in metal bins with self-closing lids.
7.
Do not order excessive amounts of combustibles.
8.
Make frequent inspections to anticipate fires before they start.
9.
Water, multi-purpose dry chemical (ABC), and halon 1211 are approved fire
extinguishing agents for Class A combustibles.
30-5.5.2: Class B combustibles: These include flammable and combustible liquids
(oils, greases, tars, oil-based paints, and lacquers), flammable gases, and flammable
aerosols. To handle Class B combustibles safely:
10.
Use only approved pumps, taking suction from the top, to dispense liquids
from tanks, drums, barrels, or similar containers (or use approved self-closing
valves or faucets).
11.
Do not dispense Class B flammable liquids into containers unless the nozzle and
container are electrically interconnected by contact or by a bonding wire. Either
the tank or container must be grounded.
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12.
Store, handle, and use Class B combustibles only in approved locations where
vapors are prevented from reaching ignition sources such as heating or electric
equipment, open flames, or mechanical or electric sparks.
13.
Do not use a flammable liquid as a cleaning agent inside a building (the only
exception is in a closed machine approved for cleaning with flammable liquids).
14.
Do not use, handle, or store Class B combustibles near exits, stairs, or any other
areas normally used as exits.
15.
Do not weld, cut, grind, or use unsafe electrical appliances or equipment near
Class B combustibles.
16.
Do not generate heat, allow an open flame, or smoke near Class B combustibles.
17.
Know the location of and how to use the nearest portable fire extinguisher
rated for Class B fire.
Water should not be used to extinguish Class B fires caused by
flammable liquids. Water can cause the burning liquid to spread, making
the fire worse. To extinguish a fire caused by flammable liquids, exclude
the air around the burning liquid. The following fire-extinguishing agents
are approved for Class B combustibles: carbon dioxide, multi-purpose
dry chemical (ABC), halon 1301, and halon 1211. (NOTE: Halon has been
determined to be an ozone-depleting substance and is no longer being
manufactured. Existing systems using halon can be kept in place.)
30-5.6: Smoking:
Smoking is prohibited in all Vast Construction buildings. Certain outdoor areas
may also be designated as no smoking areas. The areas in which smoking is
prohibited outdoors are identified by NO SMOKING signs.
30-5.7: TRAINING:
Safety shall present basic fire prevention training to all employees upon
employment, and shall maintain documentation of the training, which includes:
1.
review of 29 CFR 1910.38, including how it can be accessed;
2.
this Fire Prevention Plan, including how it can be accessed;
3.
good housekeeping practices;
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4.
proper response and notification in the event of a fire;
5.
instruction on the use of portable fire extinguishers (as determined by
company policy in the Emergency Action Plan); and
6.
recognition of potential fire hazards.
Supervisors shall train employees about the fire hazards associated with the specific
materials and processes to which they are exposed, and will maintain
documentation of the training. Employees will receive this training:
1.
at their initial assignment;
2.
annually; and
3.
when changes in work processes necessitate additional training.
4.
instruction on the use of portable fire extinguishers (as determined by
company policy in the Emergency Action Plan); and recognition of potential
fire hazards.
Supervisors shall train employees about the fire hazards associated with the specific
materials and processes to which they are exposed, and will maintain
documentation of the training. Employees will receive this training:
1.
at their initial assignment;
2.
annually; and
3.
when changes in work processes necessitate additional training.
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30-6: PROGRAM REVIEW:
Safety shall review this Fire Prevention Plan at least annually for necessary changes.
30-6: Appendix A
Fire Risk Survey:
Location:
_____________________________________________________________________________________
_____________________________________________________________________________________
_____________________________________________________________________________________
Type of Fire Hazard:
_____________________________________________________________________________________
_____________________________________________________________________________________
Emergency Actions:
_____________________________________________________________________________________
_____________________________________________________________________________________
_____________________________________________________________________________________
Required PPE:
_____________________________________________________________________________________
_____________________________________________________________________________________
_____________________________________________________________________________________
_____________________________________________________________________________________
Completed by:__________________________ Date:__________________
30-7: Appendix B
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General Fire Prevention Checklist
Use this checklist to ensure fire prevention measures conform with the general fire prevention
requirements found in OSHA standards.
Are the local fire department acquainted with your facility, its location, and specific hazards? Yes / No
If you have a fire alarm system, is it tested at least annually? Yes / No
If you have interior stand pipes and valves, are they inspected regularly? Yes / No
If you have outside private fire hydrants, are they on a routine preventive maintenance schedule and
flushed at least once a year? Yes / No
Are fire doors and shutters in good operating condition? Yes / No
Are fire doors and shutters unobstructed and protected against obstructions, including their
counterweights? Yes / No
Are automatic sprinkler system water control valves, air pressure, and water pressure checked weekly or
periodically?
Yes / No
Has responsibility for the maintenance of automatic sprinkler systems been assigned to an employee or
contractor?
Yes / No
Are sprinkler heads protected by metal guards?
Yes / No
Is proper clearance maintained below sprinkler heads?
Yes / No
Are portable fire extinguishers provided in adequate number and type? * Yes / No
Are fire extinguishers mounted in readily accessible locations?* Yes / No
Are fire extinguishers recharged regularly with the recharge date noted on an inspection tag? * Yes / No
Are employees periodically instructed in the use of extinguishers and fire protection procedures?* Yes /
No
*(NOTE: Use of fire extinguishers is based on company policy regarding employee fire fighting in your
Emergency Action Plan and local fire code.)
Completed by:__________________________ Date:_________________
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30-8: Appendix C
Exits Checklist
Use this checklist to evaluate Vast Construction's compliance with OSHA's standard on
emergency exit routes.
Is each exit marked with an exit sign and illuminated by a reliable light source? Yes / No
Are the directions to exits, when not immediately apparent, marked with visible signs? Yes / No
Are doors, passageways, or stairways that are neither exits nor access to exits, and which could be
mistaken for exits, marked “NOT AN EXIT” or other appropriate marking? Yes / No
Are exit signs provided with the word “EXIT” in letters at least five inches high and with lettering at least
one inch wide? Yes / No
Are exit doors side-hinged? Yes / No
Are all exits kept free of obstructions? Yes / No
Are there at least two exit routes provided from elevated platforms, pits, or rooms where the absence of
a second exit would increase the risk of injury from hot, poisonous, corrosive, suffocating, flammable, or
explosive substances? Yes / No
Is the number of exits from each floor of a building and from the building itself appropriate for the
building occupancy? (NOTE: Do not count revolving, sliding, or overhead doors when evaluating whether
there are sufficient exits.) Yes / No
Are exit stairways that are required to be separated from other parts of a building enclosed by at least
one-hour fire-resistant walls (or at least two-hour fire-resistant walls in buildings over four stories high)?
Yes / No
Are the slopes of ramps used as part of emergency building exits limited to one foot vertical and 12 feet
horizontal? Yes / No
Are glass doors or storm doors fully tempered, and do they meet the safety requirements for human
impact? Yes / No
Can exit doors be opened from the direction of exit travel without the use of a key or any special
knowledge or effort? Yes / No
Are doors on cold storage rooms provided with an inside release mechanism that will release the latch
and open the door even if it's padlocked or otherwise locked on the outside? Yes / No
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Where exit doors open directly onto any street, alley, or other area where vehicles may be operated, are
adequate barriers and warnings provided to prevent employees from stepping into the path of traffic?
Yes / No
Are doors that swing in both directions and are located between rooms where there is frequent traffic
equipped with glass viewing panels? Yes / No
Completed by:__________________________ Date:__________________
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30-9: Appendix D:
Flammable and Combustible Material Checklist
Use this checklist to evaluate Vast Construction’s compliance with OSHA's standards on flammable and
combustible materials:
Are combustible scrap, debris, and waste materials such as oily rags stored in covered metal receptacles
and removed from the worksite promptly? Yes / No
Are approved containers and tanks used for the storage and handling of flammable and combustible
liquids? Yes / No
Are all connections on drums and combustible liquid piping vapor and liquid tight? Yes / No
Are all flammable liquids kept in closed containers when not in use? Yes / No
Are metal drums of flammable liquids electrically grounded during dispensing? Yes / No
Do storage rooms for flammable and combustible liquids have appropriate ventilation systems? Yes /
No
Are NO SMOKING signs posted on liquefied petroleum gas tanks? Yes / No
Are all solvent wastes and flammable liquids kept in fire-resistant covered containers until they are
removed from the worksite? Yes / No
Is vacuuming used whenever possible rather than blowing or sweeping combustible dust? Yes / No
Are fuel gas cylinders and oxygen cylinders separated by distances or fire-resistant barriers while in
storage? Yes / No
Are fire extinguishers appropriate for the materials in the areas where they are mounted?* Yes / No
Are appropriate fire extinguishers mounted within 75 feet of outside areas containing flammable liquids
and within 10 feet of any inside storage area for such materials?* Yes / No
Are extinguishers free from obstruction or blockage?* Yes / No
Are all extinguishers serviced, maintained, and tagged at least once a year?* Yes / No
Are all extinguishers fully charged and in their designated places?* Yes / No
Where sprinkler systems are permanently installed, are the nozzle heads directed or arranged so that
water will not be sprayed into operating electrical switchboards and equipment? Yes / No
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Are NO SMOKING signs posted in areas where flammable or combustible materials are used or stored?
Yes / No
Are safety cans utilized for dispensing flammable or combustible liquids at the point of use? Yes / No
Are all spills of flammable or combustible liquids cleaned up promptly? Yes / No
Are storage tanks adequately vented to prevent the development of an excessive vacuum or pressure
that could result from filling, emptying, or temperature changes? Yes / No
*(NOTE: Use of fire extinguishers is based on company policy regarding employee fire fighting in your
Emergency Action Plan and local fire code.)
Completed by:__________________________ Date:__________________
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Sub-Section # 31: CRANE & HOIST SAFETY
31-1: Purpose
Many types of cranes, hoists, and rigging devices are used at Vast Construction LLC. for
lifting and moving materials. Vast Construction, LLC's policy is to maintain a safe
workplace for its employees; therefore, it cannot be overemphasized that only qualified
and licensed individuals shall operate these devices. The safety rules and guidance in
this chapter apply to all operations at Vast Construction, LLC that involve the use of
cranes and hoists installed in or attached to buildings and to all Vast Construction , LLC.
employees, supplemental labor, and subcontractor personnel who use such devices.
31-2: Responsibilities
31-2.1: Supervisors are responsible for:
1.
Ensuring that employees under their supervision receive the required training
and are certified and licensed to operate the cranes and hoists in their areas.
2.
Providing training for prospective crane and hoist operators. This training must
be conducted by a qualified, designated instructor who is a licensed crane and
hoist operator and a full-time Vast Construction, LLC employee.
3.
Evaluating crane and hoist trainees using the Crane Safety Checklist and
submitting the Qualification Request Form to the Safety Office to obtain the
operator's license.
4.
Ensuring that hoisting equipment is inspected and tested monthly by a
responsible individual and that rigging equipment is inspected annually.
5.
Ensuring wire rope is inspected monthly and that the inspections or recorded
and the inspectors name is listed.
6.
All rope will be inspected prior to use after it has been out of service or in
storage. The inspector will certify the ID and condition and record his name and
date of inspection.
31-2.2: Crane and Hoist Operators are responsible for:
1.
Operating hoisting equipment safely.
2.
Conducting functional tests prior to using the equipment.
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3.
Selecting and using rigging equipment appropriately.
4.
Having a valid operator's license on their person while operating cranes or hoists.
5.
Participating in the medical certification program, as required.
31-2.3: Engineering/Maintenance/Operations Department is responsible for:
1.
Performing annual maintenance and inspection of all Vast Construction , LLC. cranes and hoists
that are not covered by a program with maintenance responsibility.
2.
Conducting periodic and special load tests of cranes and hoists.
3.
Maintaining written records of inspections and tests, and providing copies of all inspections and
test results to facility managers and building coordinators who have cranes and hoists on file.
4.
Inspecting and load testing cranes and hoists following modification or extensive repairs (e.g., a
replaced cable or hook, or structural modification.)
5.
Scheduling a non-destructive test and inspection for crane and hoist hooks at the time of the
periodic load test, and testing and inspecting before use new replacement hooks and other
hooks suspected of having been overloaded. The evaluation, inspection, and testing may
include, but are not limited to visual, dye penetrant, and magnetic particle techniques
referenced in ASME B30.10 (Hooks, Inspection and Testing.)
6.
Maintaining all manuals for cranes and hoists in a central file for reference.
31-2.4: Safety Department is responsible for
1.
Conducting training for all Crane & Hoist Operators
2.
Issuing licenses to Crane and Hoist Operators
3.
Periodically verifying monthly test and inspection reports.
4.
Interpreting crane and hoist safety rules and standards.
31-3: Safe Operating Requirements
All workers who use any Vast Construction, LLC crane or hoist shall have an operator's
license. The company issues licenses for authorized employees who have been
specifically trained in crane and hoist operations and equipment safety.
31-3.1: Crane and Hoist Operators
1.
To be qualified as a Crane and Hoist Operator, the candidate shall have received hands-on
training from a licensed, qualified crane and hoist operator designated by the candidate's
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supervisor. Upon successful completion of training, the licensed crane and hoist operator and
the candidate's supervisor will fill out and sign the Qualification
2.
Request Form and Crane Safety Checklist and send them to the Safety Office for approval. The
candidate will be issued a license upon approval by the Safety Manager.
3.
Crane and Hoist Operators must renew their license every three years by satisfying the
requirements described above.
3-3.2: Crane and Hoist Safety Design Requirements
Following are the design requirements for cranes and hoists and their components:
1.
The design of all commercial cranes and hoists shall comply with the requirements of
ASME/ANSI B30 standards and Crane Manufacturer's Association of America standards (CMAA70 and CMAA-74). Vast Construction, LLC-fabricated lifting equipment shall comply with the
requirements in Chapter 2.2 (Lifting Equipment) of Mechanical Engineering Design Safety
Standards (latest edition).
2.
All crane and hoist hooks shall have safety latches.
3.
Hooks shall not be painted (or re-painted) if the paint previously applied by the manufacturer is
worn.
4.
Crane pendants shall have an electrical disconnect switch or button to open the main-line
control circuit.
5.
Cranes and hoists shall have a main electrical disconnect switch. This switch shall be in a
separate box that is labeled with lockout capability.
6.
Crane bridges and hoist monorails shall be labeled on both sides with the maximum capacity.
7.
Each hoist-hook block shall be labeled with the maximum hook capacity.
8.
Directional signs indicating N-W-S-E shall be displayed on the bridge underside, and a
corresponding directional label shall be placed on the pendant.
9.
A device such as an upper-limit switch or slip clutch shall be installed on all building cranes and
hoists. A lower-limit switch may be required when there is insufficient hoist rope on the drum to
reach the lowest point.
10.
All cab and remotely operated bridge cranes shall have a motion alarm to signal bridge
movement.
11.
All newly installed cranes and hoists, or those that have been extensively repaired or rebuilt
structurally, shall be load tested at 125% capacity prior to being placed into service.
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12.
If an overload device is installed, a load test to the adjusted setting is required.
13.
Personnel baskets and platforms suspended from any crane shall be designed in accordance
with the specifications in 29 CFR 1926.550(g).
31-4: General Safety Rules
Operators shall comply with the following rules while operating the cranes and hoists:
1.
Do not engage in any practice that will divert your attention while operating the crane.
2.
Respond to signals only from the person who is directing the lift, or any appointed signal person.
Obey a stop signal at all times, no matter who gives it.
3.
All cranes will have a fire extinguisher mounted in the cab minimum ABC 10lb.
4.
All equipment in need of repairs will be marked/tagged out of service.
5.
Do not move a load over people. People shall not be placed in jeopardy by being under a
suspended load. Also, do not work under a suspended load unless the load is supported by
blocks, jacks, or a solid footing that will safely support the entire weight. Have a crane or hoist
operator remain at the controls or lock open and tag the main electrical disconnect switch.
6.
Ensure that the rated load capacity of a crane's bridge, individual hoist, or any sling or fitting is
not exceeded. Know the weight of the object being lifted or use a dynamometer or load cell to
determine the weight.
7.
Check that all controls are in the OFF position before closing the main-line disconnect switch.
8.
If spring-loaded reels are provided to lift pendants clear off the work area, ease the pendant up
into the stop to prevent damaging the wire.
9.
Avoid side pulls. These can cause the hoist rope to slip out of the drum groove, damaging the
rope or destabilizing the crane or hoist.
10.
To prevent shock loading, avoid sudden stops or starts. Shock loading can occur when a
suspended load is accelerated or decelerated, and can overload the crane or hoist. When
completing an upward or downward motion, ease the load slowly to a stop.
31-5: Operation Rules
31-5.1: Pre-operational Test
At the start of each work shift, operators shall do the following steps before
making lifts with any crane or hoist:
1.
Test the upper-limit switch. Slowly raise the unloaded hook block until the limit switch trips.
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2.
Visually inspect the hook, load lines, trolley, and bridge as much as possible from the operator's
station; in most instances, this will be the floor of the building.
3.
If provided, test the lower-limit switch.
4.
Test all direction and speed controls for both bridge and trolley travel.
5.
Test all bridge and trolley limit switches, where provided, if operation will bring the equipment
in close proximity to the limit switches.
6.
Test the pendant emergency stop.
7.
Test the hoist brake to verify there is no drift without a load.
8.
If provided, test the bridge movement alarm.
9.
Lock out and tag for repair any crane or hoist that fails any of the above tests.
31-5.2: Moving a Load
1.
Center the hook over the load to keep the cables from slipping out of the drum
grooves and overlapping, and to prevent the load from swinging when it is
lifted. Inspect the drum to verify that the cable is in the grooves.
2.
Use a tag line when loads must traverse long distances or must otherwise be
controlled. Manila rope may be used for tag lines.
3.
Plan and check the travel path to avoid personnel and obstructions.
4.
Lift the load only high enough to clear the tallest obstruction in the travel path.
5.
Start and stop slowly.
6.
Land the load when the move is finished. Choose a safe landing.
7.
Never leave suspended loads unattended. In an emergency where the crane or
hoist has become inoperative, if a load must be left suspended, barricade and
post signs in the surrounding area, under the load, and on all four sides. Lock
open and tag the crane or hoist's main electrical disconnect switch.
31-5.3: Parking a Crane or Hoist
1.
Remove all slings and accessories from the hook. Return the rigging device to the designated
storage racks.
2.
Raise the hook at least 2.1 m (7 ft) above the floor.
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3.
Store the pendant away from aisles and work areas, or raise it at least 2.1 m (7 ft) above the
floor.
4.
Place the emergency stop switch (or push button) in the OFF position.
31-5.4: General Rigging Safety Requirements
Only select rigging equipment that is in good condition. All rigging equipment
shall be inspected annually; defective equipment is to be removed from service
and destroyed to prevent inadvertent reuse. The load capacity limits shall be
stamped or affixed to all rigging components. Vast Construction policy requires
a minimum safety factor of 5 to be maintained for wire rope slings. The
following types of slings shall be rejected or destroyed:
1.
2.
3.
4.
Nylon slings with
1.
Abnormal wear.
2.
Torn stitching.
3.
Broken or cut fibers.
4.
Discoloration or deterioration.
Wire-rope slings with
1.
Kinking, crushing, bird-caging, or other distortions.
2.
Evidence of heat damage.
3.
Cracks, deformation, or worn end attachments.
4.
Six randomly broken wires in a single rope lay.
5.
Three broken wires in one strand of rope.
6.
Hooks opened more than 15% at the throat.
7.
Hooks twisted sideways more than 10deg. from the plane of the unbent hook.
Alloy steel chain slings with
1.
Cracked, bent, or elongated links or components.
2.
Cracked hooks.
Shackles, eye bolts, turnbuckles, or other components that are damaged or deformed.
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31-5.5: Rigging a Load
Do the following when rigging a load:
1.
Determine the weight of the load. Do not guess.
2.
Determine the proper size for slings and components.
3.
Do not use manila rope for rigging.
4.
Make sure that shackle pins and shouldered eye bolts are installed in accordance with the
manufacturer's recommendations.
5.
Make sure that ordinary (shoulderless) eye bolts are threaded in at least 1.5 times the bolt
diameter.
6.
Use safety hoist rings (swivel eyes) as a preferred substitute for eye bolts wherever possible.
7.
Pad sharp edges to protect slings. Remember that machinery foundations or angle-iron edges
may not feel sharp to the touch but could cut into rigging when under several tons of load.
Wood, tire rubber, or other pliable materials may be suitable for padding.
8.
Do not use slings, eye bolts, shackles, or hooks that have been cut, welded, or brazed.
9.
Install wire-rope clips with the base only on the live end and the U-bolt only on the dead end.
Follow the manufacturer's recommendations for the spacing for each specific wire size.
10.
Determine the center of gravity and balance the load before moving it.
11.
Initially lift the load only a few inches to test the rigging and balance.
31-5.6: Crane Overloading
Cranes or hoists shall not be loaded beyond their rated capacity for normal
operations. Any crane or hoist suspected of having been overloaded shall be
removed from service by locking open and tagging the main disconnect switch.
Additionally, overloaded cranes shall be inspected, repaired, load tested, and
approved for use before being returned to service.
31-5.7: Working at Heights on Cranes or Hoists
Anyone conducting maintenance or repair on cranes or hoists at heights greater
than 1.8 m (6 ft) shall use fall protection. Fall protection should also be
considered for heights less than 1.8 m (6ft). Fall protection includes safety
harnesses that are fitted with a lifeline and securely attached to a structural
member of the crane or building or properly secured safety nets. Use of a crane
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as a work platform should only be considered when conventional means of
reaching an elevated worksite are hazardous or not possible. Workers shall not
ride a moving bridge crane without an approval from the Safety Office, which
shall specify the following as a minimum:
1.
Personnel shall not board any bridge crane unless the main disconnect switch is locked and
tagged open.
2.
Personnel shall not use bridge cranes without a permanent platform (catwalk) as work
platforms. Bridge catwalks shall have a permanent ladder access.
3.
Personnel shall ride seated on the floor of a permanent platform with approved safety
handrails, wear safety harnesses attached to designated anchors, and be in clear view of the
crane operator at all times.
4.
Operators shall lock and tag open the main (or power) disconnect switch on the bridge catwalk
when the crane is parked.
31-5.8: Power Lines
Power lines have killed or seriously injured people working around cranes.
These accidents can be avoided by following a few simple rules. Always
determine whether there are power lines in the area before starting any job.
OSHA regulations require at least ten feet of clearance from lines carrying up to
50,000 volts. Greater clearances are required for lines with higher voltages.
31-5.9: Hand Signals
Signals to the operator shall be in accordance with the standard hand signals
unless voice communications equipment (telephone, radio, or equivalent) is
used. Signals shall be discernible or audible at all times. Some special operations
may require addition to or modification of the basic signals. For all such cases,
these special signals shall be agreed upon and thoroughly understood by both
the person giving the signals and the operator, and shall not be in conflict with
the standard signals.
31-5.10: Inspection, Maintenance, and Testing
All tests and inspections shall be conducted in accordance with the
manufacturers recommendations.
31-5.11: Monthly Tests and Inspections
1.
All in-service cranes and hoists shall be inspected monthly and the results documented.
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2.
Defective cranes and hoists shall be locked and tagged "out of service" until all defects are
corrected. The inspector shall initiate corrective action by notifying the facility manager or
building coordinator.
31-5.12: Annual Inspections
The Maintenance Department shall schedule and supervise (or perform) annual
preventive maintenance (PM) and annual inspections of all cranes and hoists.
The annual PM and inspection shall cover
1.
Hoisting and lowering mechanisms.
2.
Trolley travel or monorail travel.
3.
Bridge travel.
4.
Limit switches and locking and safety devices.
5.
Structural members.
6.
Bolts or rivets.
7.
Sheaves and drums.
8.
Parts such as pins, bearings, shafts, gears, rollers, locking devices, and clamping devices.
9.
Brake system parts, linings, pawls, and ratchets.
10.
Load, wind, and other indicators over their full range.
11.
Gasoline, diesel, electric, or other power plants.
12.
Chain-drive sprockets.
13.
Crane and hoist hooks.
14.
Electrical apparatus such as controller contractors, limit switches, and push button stations.
15.
Wire rope.
16.
Hoist chains.
31-5.13: Load Testing
17.
Newly installed cranes and hoists shall be load tested at 125% of the rated capacity by
designated personnel.
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18.
Slings shall have appropriate test data when purchased. It is the responsibility of the purchaser
to ensure that the appropriate test data are obtained and maintained.
19.
Re-rated cranes and hoists shall be load tested to 125% of the new capacity if the new rating is
greater than the previous rated capacity.
20.
Fixed cranes or hoists that have had major modifications or repair shall be load tested to 125%
of the rated capacity.
21.
Cranes and hoists that have been overloaded shall be inspected prior to being returned to
service.
22.
Personnel platforms, baskets, and rigging suspended from a crane or hoist hook shall be load
tested initially, then re-tested annually thereafter or at each new job site.
23.
All cranes and hoists with a capacity greater than 2722 kg (3 tons) should be load tested every
four years to 125% of the rated capacity. Cranes and hoists with a lesser capacity should be load
tested every eight years to 125% of the rated capacity.
24.
All mobile hoists shall be load tested at intervals to be determined by the maintenance
department.
31-5.14: Records
Maintenance Department shall maintain records for all cranes, hoist and rigging
equipment.
31-5.15: References
1.
ASME/ANSI B30.2, "Overhead and Gantry Cranes (Top Running Bridge, Single or
Multiple Girder, Top Running Trolley Hoist)."
2.
ASME/ANSI B30.9, "Slings." ASME/ANSI B30.10, "Hooks."
3.
ASME/ANSI B30.11, "Monorails and Underhung Cranes."
4.
ASME/ANSI B30.16, "Overhead Hoists (Underhung)."
5.
ASME/ANSI B30.17, "Overhead and Gantry Cranes (Top Running Bridge, Single
Girder, Underhung Hoist)."
6.
ASME/ANSI B30.20, "Below-the-Hook Lifting Devices."
7.
ASME/ANSI B30.21, "Manually Lever Operated Hoists."
8.
Code of Federal Regulation, Title 29, Part 1910.179, "Overhead and Gantry
Cranes."
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9.
Code of Federal Regulation, Title 29, Part 1910.184, "Slings."
10.
Code of Federal Regulation, Title 29, Part 1926.550, "Cranes and Derricks."
11.
Mechanical Engineering Department Design Safety Standards, Chapter 2.2,
"Lifting equipment."
12.
CMAA Specification No. 70, Specifications for Electric Overhead Traveling
Cranes.
13.
CMAA Specification No. 74, Specifications for Top-Running and Under-Running
Single-Girder Electric Overhead Traveling Cranes Utilizing Under Running Trolley
Hoist.
14.
NFPA 70, Article 610, Cranes and Hoists.
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Sub-Section # 32: Hot Work Safety Procedures
32-1: Purpose
Welding and Hot Work, such as brazing or grinding present a significant opportunity for
fire and injury. All precautions of this program must be applied prior to commencing any
welding or hot work by company employees or contractors. Reference: OSHA 29 CFR
1910.252
32-2: Responsibilities
32-2.1: Management
1.
Provide training for all employees whose task include heat, spark or flame producing operations
such as welding, brazing, or grinding.
2.
Appoint an instructed/competent person in charge of fuel-gas supply equipment
3.
Develop and monitor effective hot work procedures
4.
Provide safe equipment for hot work
5.
Provide proper and effective PPE for all hot work
32-2.2: Supervisors
1.
Monitor all hot work operations
2.
Will be acquainted with section 1910.254 and 1910.252 (a) (b) & (c)
3.
Ensure all hot work equipment and PPE are in safe working order
4.
Allow only trained and authorized employees to conduct hot work
5.
Ensure permits are used for all hot work outside authorized areas
32-2.3: Employees
1.
Follow all hot work procedures
2.
Will be trained and tested in Arc and Gas welding applicable with job scope
3.
Properly use appropriate hot work PPE
4.
Inspect all hot work equipment before use
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5.
Report any equipment problems
6.
Not use damaged hot work equipment
32-3: Definitions
32-3.1: Welding/Hot Works Procedures: any activity which results in sparks, fire,
molten slag, or hot material which has the potential to cause fires or explosions.
32-3.2: Examples of Hot Works: Cutting, Brazing, Soldering, Thawing Pipes, Torch
Applied Roofing, Grinding and Welding.
32-3.3: Special Hazard Occupancies: Any area containing Flammable Liquids, Dust
Accumulation, Gases, Plastics, Rubber and Paper Products.
32-4: Hazards
1.
Fires & Explosions
2.
Skin burns
3.
Welding "blindness"
4.
Respiratory hazards from fumes & smoke
32-5: Training
Training shall include:
1.
Review of requirements listed in OSHA 1910.252
2.
Use of Hot Works Permit System
3.
Supervisor Responsibilities
4.
Fire Watch Responsibilities - specifically, the fire watch must know:
1.
That their ONLY duty is Fire Watch
2.
When they can terminate the watch
3.
How to use the provided fire extinguisher
4.
How to activate fire alarm if fire is beyond the incipient stage
5.
Operator Responsibilities
6.
Contractors Responsibilities
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7.
Documentation requirements
8.
Respirator Usage requirements
9.
Fire Extinguisher training
10.
Welders, cutters and their supervision will be trained by a qualified trainer. Also in the safe use
of equipment and work process.
32-6: Hot Works Procedures
OSHA 29 CFR 1910.252 required fire prevention actions for welding/hot works.
1.
Where practicable all combustibles shall be relocated at least 35 feet from the work site. Where
relocation is impractical, combustibles shall be protected with flame proof covers, shielded with
metal, guards, curtains, or wet down material to help prevent ignition of material.
2.
Ducts, conveyor systems, and augers that might carry sparks to distant combustibles shall be
protected or shut down.
3.
Where cutting or welding is done near walls, partitions, ceilings, or a roof of combustible
construction, fire-resistant shields or guards shall be provided to prevent ignition.
4.
If welding is to be done on a metal wall, partition, ceiling, or roof, precautions shall be taken to
prevent ignition of combustibles on the other side, due to conduction or radiation of heat.
Where combustibles cannot be relocated on the opposite side of the work, a fire watch person
shall be provided on the opposite side of the work.
5.
Welding shall not be attempted on a metal partition, wall, ceiling or roof having a covering nor
on walls having combustible sandwich panel construction.
6.
Cutting or welding on pipes or other metal in contact with combustible walls, partitions, ceilings,
or roofs shall not be undertaken if the work is close enough to cause ignition by combustion.
7.
Cutting or welding shall not be permitted in the following situations:
1.
In areas not authorized by management.
2.
In sprinkled buildings while such protection is impaired.
3.
In the presence of potentially explosive atmospheres, e.g.. a flammable gas
8.
Confined Spaces
9.
Lead base metals, zinc, cadmium, mercury, beryllium, etc.
10.
In areas near the storage of large quantities of exposed, readily ignitable materials.
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11.
In areas where there is dust accumulation of greater than 1/16 inch within 35 feet of the area
where welding/hot works will be conducted. All dust accumulation should be cleaned up
following the housekeeping program of the facility before welding/hot works are permitted.
12.
Suitable extinguishers shall be provided and maintained ready for instant use. A fire watch
person shall be provided during and for 2 hours past the completion of the welding project.
13.
A cutting/welding permit will be issued on all welding or cutting outside of the designated
welding area.
32-7: Welding & Hot Work fire prevention measures
A designated welding area should be established to meet them following requirements:
1.
Floors swept and clean of combustibles within 35 ft. of work area.
2.
Flammable and combustible liquids and material will be kept 35 ft. from work area.
3.
Adequate ventilation providing 20 air changes per hour, such as a suction hood system should
be provided to the work area.
4.
At least one 10 lb. dry chemical fire extinguisher should be within access of the 35 ft. of work
area.
5.
Protective dividers such as welding curtains or non-combustible walls will be provided to contain
sparks and slag to the combustible free area.
Requirements for welding conducted outside the designated welding area.
1.
Portable welding curtains or shields must be used to protect other workers in the welding area.
2.
A hot works permit must be completed and complied with prior to welding operation.
3.
Respiratory protection is mandatory unless an adequate monitored air flow away from the
welder and others present can be established and maintained.
4.
Plastic materials be covered with welding tarps during welding procedures
5.
Fire Watch must be provided for all hot work operations.
32-8: Welding Standard Operating Procedures
The following pages list the Welding Standard Operating Procedures (SOP) and are
applicable for all electric and gas welding. These SOPs are to be posted at each
Designated Welding & Hot Work Area for quick reference and review.
1.
SOP - Electric Welding
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2.
Perform Safety Check on all equipment
3.
Ensure fire extinguisher is charged and available
4.
Ensure that the first aid equipment and safety rep. is available
5.
Ensure electrical cord, electrode holder and cables are free from defects (no cable splices are
allowed with in 10 feet of the electrode holder.
6.
Ensure PPE (welding hood, gloves, rubber boots/soled shoes, aprons) are available and have no
defects.
7.
Ensure the welding unit is properly grounded.
8.
All defective equipment must be repaired or replaced before use.
9.
Remove flammables and combustibles
10.
No welding is permitted on or near containers of flammable material, combustible material or
unprotected flammable structures.
11.
Place welding screen or suitable barricade around work area to provide a fire safety zone and
prevent injuries to passersby (Do not block emergency exits or restrict ventilation)
12.
Ensure Adequate Ventilation and Lighting
13.
Execute Hot Work Permit procedures
14.
Set Voltage Regulator No higher than the following for:
1.
Manual Alternating Current Welders - 80 volts
2.
Automatic Alternating Current Welders - 100 volts
3.
Manual or automatic Direct Current Welders -100 volts
15.
Uncoil and spread out welding cable
16.
To avoid overheating, ensure proper contact of work leads and connections, remove any metal
fragments from magnetic work clamps (to avoid electric shock do not wrap welding cables
around a body part and avoid welding in wet conditions)
17.
Fire watch for one hour after welding & until all welds have cooled
18.
Perform final fire watch and terminate permit.
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32-8.2: SOP: Gas Welding
1.
Perform Safety Check on all equipment
2.
Ensure tanks have gas and fittings are tight
3.
Ensure fire extinguisher is charged and available
4.
Ensure hoses have no defects
5.
Ensure that the first aid equipment and safety rep. is available
6.
Ensure PPE (welding hood, gloves, rubber boots/soled shoes, aprons) are available and have no
defects.
7.
All defective equipment must be repaired or replace before uses.
8.
Most gas welding and cutting operations use compressed gas cylinders and there are some
important procedures to follow when using these cylinders. All cylinders stored inside must be
located in a well-protected, well ventilated, dry location. They must be at least 20 feet from
highly combustible materials, sparks, open flames, excessive heat and away from elevators,
stairs or gangways.
9.
When cylinders are not connected for use, valve protection caps must be in place unless the
cylinder is not designed to accept a cap. Stored oxygen cylinders must be separated from stored
fuel cylinders or combustible materials, especially oil or grease, by at least 20 feet or by a noncombustible barrier. This barrier must be at least 5 feet high and have a fire resistance rating of
one-half hour.
10.
All cylinders must be legibly marked to identify their contents. Cylinders connected for use must
be lashed or chained to prevent them from falling over. Be careful that cylinders are not placed
so as to become a part of an electrical circuit. Mark empty tanks MT, close the valves and
replace valve caps securely.
32-8.3: Remove flammables and combustibles
1.
No welding is permitted on or near containers of flammable material, combustible material or
unprotected flammable structures.
2.
Place welding screen or suitable barricade around work area to provide a fire safety zone and
prevent injuries to passersby (Do not block emergency exits or restrict ventilation)
3.
Ensure Adequate Ventilation and Lighting
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4.
Execute Hot Work Permit procedures
5.
Open Valves on Oxygen and Gas tanks to desired flow
6.
Shut Tank Valves & relieve hose pressure. Store hoses
7.
Fire watch for one hour after welding & until all welds have cooled
8.
Perform final fire watch and terminate permit.
32-9: Equipment Maintenance
Equipment will be inspected prior to each use. Any equipment found to be in unsafe
condition shall be tagged out of service. The equipment will be removed and repaired by
a qualified person and tested before returning to service. Records of repair will be
maintained in the home office.
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Sub-Section # 33: EXCAVATION PROGRAM
33-1: PURPOSE
This program outlines procedures and guidelines for the protection of employees
working in and around excavations and trenches. This program requires compliance
with OSHA Standards described in Subpart P (CFR 1926.650) for the construction
industry. Compliance is mandatory to ensure employee protection when working in or
around excavations. The programs in this manual on confined space, hazard
communication, lock-out/tag-out, respiratory protection, and any other safety programs
or procedures deemed essential for employee protection, are to be used in conjunction
with this program.
33-2: SCOPE
This program pertains to all WCFS projects that require any excavations or trenches.
33-3: REFERENCES
1.
29 CFR 1926.650, Subpart P - Excavations
2.
Excavation Equipment Manufacturer Safety Procedures
33-4: RESPONSIBILITIES
It is the responsibility of each superintendent and supervisor to implement and maintain
the procedures and steps set forth in this program. Each employee involved with
excavation and trenching work is responsible to comply with all applicable safety
procedures and requirements of this program.
33-5: DEFINITIONS
1.
BENCHING - A method of protecting employees from cave-ins by excavating the sides of an
excavation to form one or a series of horizontal levels or steps, usually with vertical or near
vertical surfaces between levels.
2.
CAVE-IN - The separation of a mass of soil or rock material from the side of an excavation, or the
loss of soil from under a trench shield or support system, and its sudden movement into the
excavation, either by failing or sliding, in sufficient quantity so that it could entrap, bury, or
otherwise injure and immobilize a person.
3.
COMPETENT PERSON - One who is capable of identifying existing and predictable hazards in the
surroundings or working conditions, which are unsanitary, hazardous, or dangerous to
employees, and who has authorization to take prompt corrective measures to eliminate them.
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4.
DURATION OF EXPOSURE - The longer an excavation is open, the longer the other factors have
to work on causing it to collapse.
5.
EXCAVATION - Any man-made cut, trench, or depression in an earth surface, formed by earth
removal.
6.
HAZARDOUS ATMOSPHERE - An atmosphere which by reason of being explosive, flammable,
poisonous, corrosive, oxidizing, irritating, oxygen deficient, toxic, or otherwise harmful, may
cause death, illness, or injury.
7.
PROTECTIVE SYSTEM - A method of protecting employees from cave-ins, from material that
could fall or roll from an excavation, or from the collapse of adjacent structures. Protective
systems include support systems, sloping and benching systems, shield systems, and other
systems that provide necessary protection.
8.
SHIELD - A structure that is capable of withstanding the forces imposed on it by a cave-in and
thereby protects employees within the structure. Shields can be permanent structures or can be
designed to be portable and moved along as work progresses. All shields must be in accordance
with 29 CFR 1926.652(c)3 or (c)4.
9.
SLOPING - A method of protecting workers from cave-ins by excavating to form sides of an
excavation that are inclined away from the excavation to prevent cave-ins. The angle of incline
required to prevent a cave-in varies with differences such as soil type, length of exposure, and
application of surcharge loads.
10.
SURCHARGE LOADS - Generated by the weight of anything in proximity to the excavation, push
starts for a cave-in (anything up top pushing down). Common surcharge loads:
1.
weight of spoil pile
2.
weight of nearby buildings, poles, pavement, or other structural objects.
3.
weight of material and equipment
11.
TRENCH - A narrow excavation below the surface of the ground, less than 15 feet wide, with a
depth no greater than the width.
12.
UNDERMINING - Undermining can be caused by such things as leaking, leaching, caving or overdigging. Undermined walls can be very dangerous.
13.
VIBRATION - A force that is present on construction sites and must be considered. The vibrations
caused by backhoes, dump trucks, compactors and traffic on job sites can be substantial.
33-6: Hazards
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One of the reasons the company requires a competent person on-site during excavation
& trenching are the numerous potential hazardous that may be encountered or created.
Hazards include:
1.
Electrocution
2.
Gas Explosion
3.
Entrapment
4.
Struck by equipment
5.
Suffocation
33-7: Hazard Controls
Before any work is performed and before any employees enter the excavation, a
number of items must be checked and insured:
1.
Before any excavation, underground installations must be determined. This can be
accomplished by either contacting the local utility companies or the local "one-call' center for
the area. All underground utility locations must be documented on the proper forms. All
overhead hazards (surface encumbrances) that create a hazard to employees must be removed
or supported to eliminate the hazard.
2.
If the excavation is to be over 20 feet deep, it must be designed by a registered professional
engineer who is registered in the state where work will be performed.
3.
Adequate protective systems will be utilized to protect employees. This can be accomplished
through sloping, shoring, or shielding.
4.
The worksite must be analyzed in order to design adequate protection systems and prevent
cave-ins. There must also be an excavation safety plan developed to protect employees.
5.
Workers must be supplied with and wear any personal protective equipment deemed necessary
to assure their protection and no employee shall work under loads of digging equipment.
6.
All spoil piles will be stored a minimum of four (4) feet from the sides of the excavation. The
spoil pile must not block the safe means of egress.
7.
If a trench or excavation is 4 feet or deeper, stairways, ramps, or ladders will be used as a safe
means of access and egress. For trenches, the employee must not have to travel any more than
25 feet of lateral travel to reach the stairway, ramp, or ladder.
8.
No employee will work in an excavation where water is accumulating unless adequate measures
are used to protect the employees.
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9.
A competent person will inspect all excavations and trenches daily, prior to employee exposure
or entry, and after any rainfall, soil change, or any other time needed during the shift. The
competent person must take prompt measures to eliminate any and all hazards.
10.
Excavations and trenches 4 feet or deeper that have the potential for toxic substances or
hazardous atmospheres will be tested at least daily. If the atmosphere is inadequate, protective
systems will be utilized.
11.
If work is in or around traffic, employees must be supplied with and wear orange reflective
vests. Signs and barricades must be utilized to ensure the safety of employees, vehicular traffic,
and pedestrians. Walkways and crossings will be barricaded to protect employees from
potential falls.
33-8: COMPETENT PERSON RESPONSIBILITIES
The OSHA Standards require that the competent person must be capable of identifying
existing and predictable hazards in the surroundings, or working conditions which are
unsanitary, hazardous, or dangerous to employees, and have authorization to take
prompt corrective measures to eliminate them and, if necessary, to stop the work.
A competent person is required to:
1.
Have a complete understanding of the applicable safety standards and any other data provided.
2.
Assure the proper locations of underground installations or utilities, and that the proper utility
companies have been contacted.
3.
Conduct soil classification tests and reclassify soil after any condition changes.
4.
Determine adequate protective systems (sloping, shoring, or shielding systems) for employee
protection.
5.
Conduct all air monitoring for potential hazardous atmospheres.
6.
Conduct daily and periodic inspections of excavations and trenches.
7.
Approve design of structural ramps, if used.
33-9: EXCAVATION SAFETY PLAN
An excavation safety plan is required in written form. This plan is to be developed to the
level necessary to insure complete compliance with the OSHA Excavation Safety
Standard and state and local safety standards.
Excavation safety plan factors:
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1.
Utilization of the local one-call system
2.
Determination of locations of all underground utilities
3.
Consideration of confined space atmosphere potential
4.
Proper soil protection systems and personal protective equipment and clothing
5.
Determination of soil composition and classification
6.
Determination of surface and subsurface water
7.
Depth of excavation and length of time it will remain open
8.
Proper adherence to all OSHA Standards, this excavation and trenching safety program, and any
other coinciding safety programs.
33-10: SOIL CLASSIFICATION AND IDENTIFICATION
The OSHA Standards define soil classifications within the Simplified Soil Classification
Systems, which consist of four categories: Stable rock, Type A, Type B, and Type C.
Stability is greatest in stable rock and decreases through Type A and B to Type C, which
is the least stable. Appendix A of the Standard provides soil mechanics terms and types
of field tests used to determine soil classifications. Stable rock is defined as natural solid
mineral matter that can be excavated with vertical sides and remain intact while
exposed.
Type A soil is defined as:
1.
Cohesive soils with an unconfined compressive strength of 1.5 tons per square foot (TSF) or
greater.
2.
Cemented soils like caliche and hardpan are considered Type A.
3.
Soil is NOT Type A if:
1.
It is fissured.
2.
The soil is subject to vibration from heavy traffic, pile driving or similar effects.
3.
The soil has been previously disturbed.
4.
The material is subject to other factors that would require it to be classified as a less stable
material.
5.
The exclusions for Type A most generally eliminate it from most construction situations.
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Type B soil is defined as:
1.
Cohesive soil with an unconfined compressive strength greater than .5 TSF, but less than 1.5
TSF.
2.
Granular cohesionless soil including angular gravel, silt, silt loam, and sandy loam.
3.
The soil has been previously disturbed except that soil classified as Type C soil.
4.
Soil that meets the unconfined compressive strength requirements of Type A soil, but is fissured
or subject to vibration.
5.
Dry rock that is unstable.
Type C soil is defined as:
1.
Cohesive soil with an unconfined compressive strength of .5 TSF or less.
2.
Granular soils including gravel, sand and loamy sand.
3.
Submerged soil or soil from which water is freely seeping.
4.
Submerged rock that is not stable.
33-11: Soil Test & Identification
The competent person will classify the soil type in accordance with the definitions in
Appendix A on the basis of at least one visual and one manual analysis. These tests
should be run on freshly excavated samples from the excavation and are designed to
determine stability based on a number of criteria: the cohesiveness, the presence of
fissures, the presence and amount of water, the unconfined compressive strength, the
duration of exposure, undermining, and the presence of layering, prior excavation and
vibration. The cohesion tests are based on methods to determine the presence of clay.
Clay, silt, and sand are size classifications, with clay being the smallest sized particles, silt
intermediate and sand the largest. Clay minerals exhibit good cohesion and plasticity
(can be molded). Sand exhibits no elasticity and virtually no cohesion unless surface
wetting is present. The degree of cohesiveness and plasticity depend on the amounts of
all three types and water.
When examining the soil, three questions must be asked: Is the sample granular or
cohesive? Fissured or non-fissured? What is the unconfined compressive strength
measured in TSF?
Methods of testing soils:
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1.
Visual test: If the excavated soil is in clumps, it is cohesive. If it breaks up easily, not staying in
clumps, it is granular.
2.
Wet manual test: Wet your fingers and work the soil between them. Clay is a slick paste when
wet, meaning it is cohesive. If the clump falls apart in grains, it is granular.
3.
Dry strength test: Try to crumble the sample in your hands with your fingers. If it crumbles into
grains, it is granular. Clay will not crumble into grains, only into smaller chunks.
4.
Pocket penetrometer test: This instrument is most accurate when soil is nearly saturated. This
instrument will give unconfined compressive strength in tons per square foot. The springoperated device uses a piston that is pushed into a coil up to a calibration groove. An indicator
sleeve marks and retains the reading until it is read. The reading is calibrated in tons per square
foot (TSF) or kilograms per cubic centimeter.
5.
Thumb penetration teal: The competent person attempts to penetrate a fresh sample with
thumb pressure. If the sample can be dented, but penetrated only with great effort, it is Type A.
If it can be penetrated several inches and molded by light pressure, it is Type C. Type B can be
penetrated with effort and molded.
6.
Shearvane: Measures the approximate shear strength of saturated cohesive soils. The blades of
the vane are pressed into a flat section of undisturbed soil, and the knob is turned slowly until
soil failure. The dial is read directly when using the standard vane. The results will be in tons per
square foot or kilograms per cubic centimeter.
The competent person will perform several tests of the excavation to obtain
consistent, supporting data along its depth and length. The soil is subject to change
several times within the scope of an excavation and the moisture content will vary
with weather and job conditions. The competent person must also determine the
level of protection based on what conditions exist at the time of the test, and allow
for changing conditions.
33-12: EXCAVATION PROTECTION SYSTEMS
The three basic protective systems for excavations and trenches are sloping and
benching systems, shoring, and shields. The protective systems shall have the capacity
to resist without failure all loads that are intended or could reasonably be expected to
be applied to or transmitted to the system. Every employee in an excavation shall be
protected from cave-ins by an adequate protective system.
1.
Exceptions to using protective system:
2.
Excavations are made entirely in stable rock
3.
Excavations are less than 5 feet deep and declared safe by a competent person
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33-13: SLOPING AND BENCHING SYSTEMS
There are four options for sloping:
1.
Slope to the angle required by the Standard for Type C, which is the most unstable soil type.
2.
The table provided in Appendix B of the Standard may be used to determine the maximum
allowable angle (after determining the soil type).
3.
Tabulated data prepared by a registered professional engineer can be utilized.
4.
A registered professional engineer can design a sloping plan for a specific job.
Sloping and benching systems for excavations five (5) to twenty (20) feet in depth
must be constructed under the instruction of a designated competent person.
Sloping and benching systems for excavations greater than twenty (20) feet must be
designed and stamped by a registered professional engineer. Sloping and benching
specifications can be found in Appendix B of the OSHA Standard (Subpart P).
33-14: SHORING SYSTEMS
Shoring is another protective system or support system. Shoring utilizes a framework of
vertical members (uprights), horizontal members (whales), and cross braces to support
the sides of the excavation to prevent a cave-in. Metal hydraulic, mechanical or timber
shoring is common examples.
The different examples of shoring are found in the OSHA Standard under these
appendices:
1.
APPENDIX C - Timber Shoring for Trenches
2.
APPENDIX D - Aluminum Hydraulic Shoring for Trenches
3.
APPENDIX E - Alternatives to Timber Shoring
33-15: SHIELD SYSTEMS (Trench Boxes)
Shielding is the third method of providing a safe workplace. Unlike sloping and shoring,
shielding does not prevent a cave-in. Shields are designed to withstand the soil forces
caused by a cave-in and protect the employees inside the structure. Most shields consist
of two flat, parallel metal walls that are held apart by metal cross braces. Shielding
design and construction is not covered in the OSHA Standards. Shields must be certified
in design by a registered professional engineer and must have either a registration plate
on the shield or registration papers from the manufacturer on file at the jobsite office.
ANY REPAIRS OR MODIFICATIONS MUST BE APPROVED BY THE MANUFACTURER.
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33-16: SAFETY PRECAUTIONS FOR SHIELD SYSTEMS
1.
Shields must not have any lateral movement when installed.
2.
Employees will be protected from cave-ins when entering and exiting the shield (examples ladder within the shield or a properly sloped ramp at the end).
3.
Employees are not allowed in the shield during installation, removal, or during any vertical
movement.
4.
Shields can be 2 ft. above the bottom of an excavation if they are designed to resist loads at the
full depth and if there are no indications of caving under or behind the shield.
5.
The shield must extend at least 18 inches above the point where proper sloping begins (the
height of the shield must be greater than the depth of the excavation).
6.
The open end of the shield must be protected from the exposed excavation wall. The wall must
be sloped, shored, or shielded. Engineer designed end plates can be mounted on the ends of the
shield to prevent cave-ins.
33-17: PERSONAL PROTECTIVE EQUIPMENT
It is company policy to wear a hard hat, safety glasses, and work boots on the jobsite.
Because of the hazards involved with excavations, other personal protective equipment
may be necessary, depending on the potential hazards present (examples -goggles,
gloves, and respiratory equipment).
33-18: INSPECTIONS
Daily inspection of excavations, the adjacent areas and protective systems shall be made
by the competent person for evidence of a situation that could result in a cave-in,
indications of failure of protective systems, hazardous atmospheres or other hazardous
conditions.
1.
All inspections shall be conducted by the competent person prior to the start of work and as
needed throughout the shift.
2.
Inspections will be made after every rainstorm or any other increasing hazard.
3.
All documented inspections will be kept on file in the jobsite safety files and forwarded to the
Safety Director weekly.
4.
A copy of the Daily Excavation Inspection form is located at the end of this program.
33-19: TRAINING
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The competent person(s) must be trained in accordance with the OSHA Excavation
Standard, and all other programs that may apply (examples Hazard Communication,
Confined Space, and Respiratory Protection), and must demonstrate a thorough
understanding and knowledge of the programs and the hazards associated.
All other employees working in and around the excavation must be trained in the
recognition of hazards associated with trenching and excavating.
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Sub-Section # 34: SHORT SERVICE EMPLOYEE PROGRAM
Note: An SSE is an individual who has been employed by contractor or subcontractor for less than
three (3) months or has been in a like job by contractor for less than three months.
34-1: PURPOSE
To ensure that WCFS employees or its designated sub-contractors meeting the SSE
definition do not comprise the majority of any working crew assigned to a particular job.
It is the intent of this policy to clearly identify SSE employees, ensure they are
appropriately supervised, trained and managed in order to prevent accidents and
equipment damage.
34-2: SCOPE
This policy is applicable to all WCFS operations where the client requires/mandates an
SSE program.
34-3: DEFINITIONS
1.
SSE – An employee with less than three (3) months experience in the same job class.
2.
Mentor – An experienced, skilled employee that can orient and assist the SSE in learning
new skills. A mentor may only monitor one SSE at a time.
34-4: SHORT SERVICE EMPLOYEE PROGRAM
34-4.1: PROCEDURES
New employees pose significant risk of injury for many reasons, including unfamiliarity
with tasks, supervisors, and surroundings. This procedure will be adhered to in any
chemical plant or work-site where WCFS personnel are interacting with employees or
equipment from other companies
34-4.2: RESPONSIBILITIES
1.
Managers and Supervisors: Vast Construction managers and supervisory personnel are
responsible for assuring participation in this program for the work activities they oversee.
Managers and supervisors are responsible for implementing appropriate corrective actions in a
timely manner when non-compliance situations are identified.
2.
Regional/District Health and Safety and Site Safety: Regional health and safety managers are
responsible for overall implementation of the program for their region/district. They will ensure
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that site safety implement the program on sites and that personnel are properly training on the
procedures mentioned in the program.
3.
All Employees: WCFS Employees are responsible for reading, understanding and complying with
the companies’ policies and procedures and client requirements.
4.
The Mentor: The mentor, in some instances, can be the site supervisor, shall be responsible for:
5.
1.
Providing the site-specific orientation to the SSE
2.
Accept accountability for the safety of an assigned SSE
3.
Provide one-on-one direct supervision and training of the SSE
4.
Identify and review the known potential hazards for the work being performed
5.
Provide prior approval and assign work to the SSE
6.
Display a positive work ethic and lead HSE by example at all times
7.
Provide monthly performance based counseling to the SSE
The Short Service Employee (SSE): The short service employee (SSE) shall:
1.
Attend the site-specific orientation upon arrival to the work-site
2.
Learn his/her designated roles and responsibilities
3.
Adhere to all policies and procedures taught/shown to him/her
4.
Learn the location of all emergency equipment, i.e., MSDS, first aid kits, eye wash
stations and showers, fire extinguishers, etc.
5.
Accept challenges and work provided by the mentor and display a can-do attitude
6.
Seek assistance and guidance from the mentor when uncertainty arises
7.
Wear the high-visibility orange hard had at all times when working as a SSE
8.
Be receptive to constructive criticism
9.
Understand the obligation to stop work that he/she feels is unsafe or when a condition
has changed, i.e., weather, new equipment, new work scope, etc.
10.
Be assigned a SSE for a period of 90 days or released by the mentor only after review of
the SSE skills completed along with the HSE department approval.
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34-4.3: CREW DESIGNATION
Crew Make-up: Each SSE employee will be issued a high-visibility hard hat so he/she can
be easily identified on work sites. The Safety Supervisor and OPNS Supervisor will reevaluate the SSE employee at the end of his/her three month anniversary and make
determination whether they should remain in the SSE program or be released to full
duty status (white hard hat).
The following guidelines will be strictly followed to when assigning SSEs:
1.
No one (1) person crew may be staffed by an SSE
2.
Only one (1) SSE is allowed on a two-to-four person crew and on crews of five persons or more.
3.
No more than 20% may be SSEs.
4.
The WCFS supervisor will advise the Client of any SSEs on the work site.
5.
A mentor will be immediately assigned to the SSE.
Exceptions to the SSE policy may be made only with WCFS Safety Department and Client
approval.
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Sub-Section 35: VENDOR APPROVAL PROCEDURE
35-1: OBJECTIVE:
To evaluate and select vendors based on their abilities and
performance to meet purchase order requirements. This
includes the vendor's equipment, personnel, procedures,
and/or facilities to produce a product or provide a service
in a safe and responsible manner that meets or exceeds WCFS
safety requirements.
35-2: SCOPE:
This procedure defines the procedure used to qualify
vendors for use as an Approved Safe Vendor.
35-3: RESPONSIBILITIES:
The Safety Department will be responsible to institute and
maintain the requirements outlined in this procedure. The
purchasing agent will be responsible for placing the order
with approved vendors. Vendors who have not been approved
may be used on an emergency basis provided the purchasing
agent notifies Safety that evaluation of the new vendor
will be required. Vendors specified for use by the customer
may be used for that job only without evaluation.
35-4: PROCEDURE:
Approved vendors shall be placed on the Approved Safe
Vendor List if found acceptable by the Safety Coordinator,
accounting and purchasing as required based on past
performance, safety audit, and/or the vendor's Safety
Program. Vendor approval shall be based on their safety
audit reports, EMR logs and OSHA records, and/or previously
safety demonstrated by capability and performance of the
vendor as deemed applicable.
Approved Safe Vendor List shall be prepared and maintained
by the safety department and shows the code of vendor
approval as follows:
'A' - Approved by safety audit
'C' - Certified Safety Program
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'P' - Approved by prior performance
The survey for approval of vendors shall be organized by
the Safety Coordinator/Purchasing Agent. The vendor survey
will be performed utilizing an audit checklist, prepared by
the Safety Coordinator prior to the survey. When inadequate
safety performance occurs, a Safety Nonconformance Report
will be initiated and issued to the responsible vendor.
Safety personnel shall inspect, review and audit the job
site as required or as deemed necessary.
35-5: VENDOR PERFORMANCE:
Approved Safe Vendors shall be periodically evaluated as
deemed necessary, which may include one or more of the
following:
a) inspection of safety program at vendor’s facility,
b) inspection of safety performance at the job site,
c) review of OSHA records
d) review of EMR logs
1.
All Sub-Contractors are required to attend anypre-job meetings
and any necessary orientations.
2.
All Sub-Contractors will be included and required in WCFS site
safety meetings and audits.
3.
All-Sub-Contractors will be required to attend WCFS tail gate
safety meetings, safety audits and inspections once work begins.
4.
All Sub-Contractors will be involved in any hazard analysis for
the given project.
5.
The WCFS site supervisor will be responsible for ensuring the
above is followed and documented along with the Safety Manager
6.
WCFS will perform a post job safety inspection and evaluation for
its employees as well as the sub-contractors.
35-6: CORRECTIVE ACTIONS REQUESTS:
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A corrective action request shall be initiated and sent to
the vendor when required by the safety department / project
manager / purchasing agent. Future inspections shall be
used to verify implementation of the corrective action
request and to verify that the situation is acceptable.
35-7: LOSS OF APPROVED STATUS:
A vendor may loose their approved status and removed from
the ‘Approved Safe Vendor List’ if they cannot / do not
conform to the safety requirements, if the vendor will no
longer be needed. Once a vendor looses their approved
status, the reasoning shall be documented and retained in
the vendor file.
35-8: RECORDS:
Approved Safe Vendors List records shall be retained by the
Safety Department for a period of five (5) years.
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